The structural changes of interfacial transition zone of two concrete systems reinforced by polypropylene/polyethylene and basalt fibers were studied by Raman microspectroscopy. The interfacial transition zone was found in the 0-20 μm in vicinity of quartz/feldspar aggregate surface. The calcium carbonate, ettringite and alite and belite bands were used for determination of interfacional transition zone size by Raman spectroscopy. Similar behaviour has been shown the cement matrix in neighbourhood of PP/PE fibers. There is not observed any concentration gradient of cement hydration product in the vicinity of 1 μm diameter basalt fiber., Vladimír Machovič, František Kolář, Petr P. Procházka, Šárka Pešková and Pavel Kuklík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Raman microspectroscopy (μRS) and imaging is gradually becoming a practical tool for contactless and nondestructive analysis of microscopis objects. Due to the combination of chemical specificity of vibrational spectra and spatial resolution offered by confocal optical microscopy, μRS techniques are particularly suitable for studying chemical composition and morphology of living cells and biological tissues. Progress in experimental technniques and development of methods making the informational richness of vibrational spectra more accessible allowed expansion of μRS beyond the walls of specialized spectroscopis laboratories directly into biomedical practice., Ramanova mikrospektroskopie (μRS) a zobrazování se postupně prosazuje jako praktický nástroj pro bezkontaktní a nedestruktivní analýzu mikroskopických objektů. Díky kombinaci chemické specificity vibračních spekter a prostorového rozlišení poskytovaného konfokální optickou mikroskopií jsou techniky μRS zvlášť vhodné pro studium chemického složení a morfologie živých buněk i biologických tkání. Pokrok v experimentální technice a rozvoj metod zpřístupňujících informační bohatství vibračních spekter umožnily rozšíření μRS mimo zdi specializovaných spektroskopických laboratoří přímo do biomedicínské praxe., Peter Mojzeš, Jan Palacký, Václava Bauerová, Lucie Bednárová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Ramanova spektroskopie pracuje s neelasticky rozptýleným světlem, které odráží vibrační stavy molekul. Její historie je svázaná s technickým rozvojem zdrojů intenzivního monochromatického světla i detekce slabého světelného záření. Ve svém vývoji prošla od chemické analýzy přes geologické vědy a materiálový výzkum až po biofyziku, bilogii a medicínskou praxi a již míří k výzkumu vesmíru., Vladimír Kopecký Jr., Josef Štěpánek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The Czech Academy of the Sciences arranged on February 20 a Round Table that took place at the Academy´s Conference Center Liblice on the topic Framework association for state assistance in research, development and innovations. The European committee set the rules that define the schedule of public support, program notification and announcing public events in research and development, in evaluaation of research intension and in setting cooperation with research organizations and companies. and Jindřich Babický.
Ramsay-Huntov syndróm je výsledkom reaktivácie varicella-zoster vírusu na úrovni ganglion geniculatum. Syndróm je charakterizovaný kombináciou periférnej tvárovej paralýzy, výsevom herpetiformnej vyrážky v oblasti tváre, najčastejšie v oblasti zvukovodu a ušnice, a možným pridružením kochleo-vestibulárnych symptómov. Zlatým štandardom v liečbe Ramsay-Huntovho syndrómu je aj naďalej dľa dostupných údajov kombinácia antivírusovej terapie s kortikosteroidmi a adekvátnou analgetickou terapiou. V kazuistike je prezentovaný prípad 55-ročnej pacientky., The Ramsay-Hunt syndrome results from reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus at the geniculate ganglion level. The syndrome is characterized by a combination of peripheral facial paralysis and a herpes-like rash occurring on the face, most commonly in the ear canal and the skin of the external ear, and the possible association with the cochlea-vestibular symptoms. According to the available data, combination of an antiviral therapy with corticosteroids and adequate analgesic therapy remains the gold standard of the treatment of the Ramsay-Hunt sydrome. We present a case of a 55-year-old patient. Key words: Ramsay-Hunt syndrome – varicella-zoster virus – facial paralysis The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and R. Rosoľanka, K. Šimeková
Knowledge of the patterns in the spatial distribution of species provides valuable information about the factors (resources and environment) that regulate the use of space by animals. Typically, the distribution of litter-dwelling scorpions in Atlantic forests is correlated with the structure of their microhabitats, although to better understand their natural history more studies on the patterns in their use of space are required. Therefore, we investigated the effect of rainfall on the patterns in the spatial distributions and population densities of two sympatric species of scorpion, Tityus (Archaeotityus) pusillus Pocock 1893 and Ananteris mauryi Lourenço 1982 in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The study was carried out during the dry (September) and rainy (June) months. We collected 501 individuals (268 T. (A.) pusillus and 233 A. mauryi) by actively searching at night using UV lanterns. We found that the spatial distribution and population density of T. (A.) pusillus, but not A. mauryi, were significantly affected by rainfall, with T. (A.) pusillus individuals showing a clumped pattern during the rainy month and random distribution in the dry month. We also found a different response in the population densities of the two species, with T. (A.) pusillus but not A. mauryi being affected by rainfall. Our results indicate that, although co-habiting in leaf litter, these species respond differently to rainfall, which affects their spatial distribution and abundance in this habitat., Gabriela Cavalcanti Silva de Gusmão Santos, Welton Dionisio-Da-Silva, João Pedro Souza-Alves, Cleide Maria Ribeiro de Albuquerque, André Felipe de Araujo Lira., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We consider an accessibility index for the states of a discrete-time, ergodic, homogeneous Markov chain on a finite state space; this index is naturally associated with the random walk centrality introduced by Noh and Reiger (2004) for a random walk on a connected graph. We observe that the vector of accessibility indices provides a partition of Kemeny’s constant for the Markov chain. We provide three characterizations of this accessibility index: one in terms of the first return time to the state in question, and two in terms of the transition matrix associated with the Markov chain. Several bounds are provided on the accessibility index in terms of the eigenvalues of the transition matrix and the stationary vector, and the bounds are shown to be tight. The behaviour of the accessibility index under perturbation of the transition matrix is investigated, and examples exhibiting some counter-intuitive behaviour are presented. Finally, we characterize the situation in which the accessibility indices for all states coincide., Steve Kirkland., and Obsahuje seznam literatury