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1682. TRH test in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and/or autoimmune thyroiditis. Changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis, reverse T3, prolactin and growth hormone levels
- Creator:
- Orlická, Eliška, Karel Vondra, Martin Hill, Jelena Skibová, Ivan Šterzl, and Václav Zamrazil
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- E. Orlická, K. Vondra, M. Hill, J. Skibová, I. Šterzl, V. Zamrazil.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1683. TRH-like peptides
- Creator:
- Radovan Bílek, Marie Bičíková, and Libor Šafařík
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, peptidy, endokrinologie, peptids, endocrinology, TRH, TRH-like peptides, extrahypothalamic occurrence, biological function, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- TRH-like peptides are characterized by substitution of basic amino acid histidine (related to authentic TRH) with neutral or acidic amino acid, like glutamic acid, phenylalanin e, glutamine, tyrosine, leucin, valin, aspartic acid and asparagine. The presence of extrahypothalamic TRH-like peptides was reported in peripheral tissues including gastroin testinal tract, placenta, neural tissues, male reproductive system and certain endocrine tissues. Work deals with the biological function of TRH-like peptides in different parts of organisms where various mechanisms may serve for realisation of biological function of TRH-like peptides as negative feedback to the pituitary exerted by the TRH-like peptides, the role of pEEPam such as fertilization-promoting peptide, the mechanism influencing the proliferative ability of prostatic tissues, the neuroprotective and antidepressant function of TRH-like peptides in brain and the regulation of thyroid status by TRH-like peptides., R. Bílek, M. Bičíková, L. Šafařík., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1684. Tumor necrosis factor α in various tissues of insulin-resistant obese koletsky rats: relations to insulin receptor characteristics
- Creator:
- Hřebíček, A., Rypka, M., Chmela, Z., Veselý, J., Magdaléna Kantorová, and Věroslav Golda
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, tumor necrosis factor α, insulin resistance, insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) was found to be significantly increased in skeletal muscles and retroperitoneal fat of obese insulin-resistant Koletsky rats as compared to control Wistar rats. This increase was accompanied by a depression of insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity. Neither the insulin-binding capacity nor insulin receptor affinity were related to this TNFa increase in these tissues. In the liver, no significant changes of TNFa content and only a lowering of insulin-binding capacity were found. It is concluded that an increased TNFa content in muscles and fat (but not in the liver) contributes to insulin resistance by lowering insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity, while other insulin receptor characteristics (insulin-binding capacity and affinity of insulin receptors to the hormone) do not seem to be influenced by this factor., A. Hřebíček, M. Rypka, Z. Chmela, J. Veselý, M. Kantorová, V. Golda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1685. Twenty-four hour blood pressure profile in subjects with different subtypes of primary aldosteronism
- Creator:
- Tomáš Zelinka and Jiří Widimský
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, krevní tlak, blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, primary aldosteronism, circadian blood pressure variability, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential differences in blood pressure (BP) profile in subjects with different forms of primary aldosteronism (PA). Simultaneously, we studied the effects of PA treatment on BP curve. We therefore monitored 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure values in 22 subjects with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), 22 subjects with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and 33 subjects with essential hypertension (EH) as controls. We found a significantly attenuated nighttime systolic BP decline in the APA group (P=0.02). Patients with IHA had lower nighttime systolic BP values (P=0.01) and also a diastolic BP decline (P=0.02) during the night in comparison with EH. We did not detect any significant differences in BP profile characteristics between APA and IHA. Specific treatment of primary aldosteronism (adrenalectomy, treatment with spironolactone) led to the normalization of the BP curve with a marked BP decline. Our study thus demonstrates a blunted diurnal BP variability in patients with primary aldosteronism the specific treatment of which normalized previously attenuated nocturnal BP fall., T. Zelinka, J. Widimský., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1686. Two-generation diet-induced obesity model producing mice with increased amount of body fat in early adulthood
- Creator:
- Kubandová, J., Dušan Fabián, Burkuš, J., Štefan Čikoš, Soňa Czikková, Mozeš, Š., Šefčíková, Z., and Juraj Koppel
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, obezita, obesity, diet-induced obesity, fat deposits, body weight, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our study was to develop a model producing obese mice in early adulthood (4-6 weeks) based on their over-nutrition during fetal and early postnatal development. The fertilized dams of the parental generation were fed the standard diet supplemented with high-energy nutritional product Ensure Plus during gestation and lactation. De livered weanlings were then fed with standard or supplemented diet and assessed for body fat deposits using EchoMRI at the ti me of early and late adulthood. Maternal over-feeding during th e period before weaning had the most significant effect on obesity development in the filial generation. In weanlings, signific antly higher body fat deposits and average body weight were recorded. Later, further significant increase in percentage of body fat in both male and female mice was observed. Withdrawal of the Ensure Plus supplement caused a decrease in the percentage of body fat in part of the filial generation. In offspring fed the standard diet, higher fat deposits persisted till the time of late adulthood. We conclude that this diet-induced obesity model might be used in exploration of the effects of elevated body fat on physiological functions of various organ systems during juvenile and early adulthood periods of life of a human being., J. Kubandová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1687. Two-phase response of rat pineal melatonin to lethal whole-body irradiation with gamma rays
- Creator:
- Kassayová, M., Eva Ahlersová, and Ivan Ahlers
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ionizující záření, ionizing radiation, pineal melatonin, serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity, rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- M. Kassayová, E. Ahlersová, I. Ahlers. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1688. Ulinastatin alleviates neurological deficiencies evoked by transient cerebral ischemia via improving autophagy, Nrf-2-ARE and apoptosis signals in hippocampus
- Creator:
- Jiang, Xiao-Ming, Hu, Jing-Hai, Wang, Lu-Lu, Ma, Chi, Wang, Xu, and Liu, Xiao-Liang
- Format:
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- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- srdeční zástava, apoptóza, kardiopulmonální resuscitace, cardiac arrest, apoptosis, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ulinastatin, cerebral ischemia, autophagy, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ulinastatin [or called as urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI)] plays a role in regulating neurological deficits evoked by transient cerebral ischemia. However, the underlying mechanisms still need to be determined. The present study was to examine the effects of UTI on autophagy, Nrf2-ARE and apoptosis signal pathway in the hippocampus in the process of neurological functions after cerebral ischemia using a rat model of cardiac arrest (CA). CA was induced by asphyxia followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats. Western blot analysis was employed to determine the expression of representative autophagy (namely, Atg5, LC3, Beclin 1), p62 protein (a maker of autophagic flux), and Nrf2-ARE pathways. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by determining expression levels of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, and by examining terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and spatial working memory performance were used to assess neurological deficiencies in CA rats. Our results show that CA amplified autophagy and apoptotic Caspase-3/Caspase-9, and downregulated Nrf2-ARE pathway in the hippocampus CA1 region. Systemic administration of UTI attenuated autophagy and apoptosis, and largely restored Nrf2-ARE signal pathway following cerebral ischemia and thereby alleviated neurological deficits with increasing survival of CA rats. Our data suggest that UTI improves the worsened protein expression of autophagy and apoptosis, and restores Nrf2-ARE signals in the hippocampus and this is linked to inhibition of neurological deficiencies in transient cerebral ischemia. UTI plays a beneficial role in modulating neurological deficits induced by transient cerebral ischemia via central autophagy, apoptosis and Nrf2-ARE mechanisms., Xiao-Ming Jiang, Jing-Hai Hu, Lu-Lu Wang, Chi Ma, Xu Wang, Xiao-Liang Liu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1689. Ultrastructural characteristics of aortic endothelial cells in borderline hypertensive rats exposed to chronic social stress
- Creator:
- Ľudmila Okruhlicová, Katarína Dlugošová, Mitašíková, M., and Iveta Bernátová
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Experimentální medicína, kardiovaskulární fyziologie, stres (psychologie), hypertenze, endotel, potkan, cardiovascular physiology, stress (psychology), hypertension, endothelium, Rattus norvegicus, social stress, ultrastructure, 14, and 616-092
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Genetic predisposition and social stress may represent important risk factors in etiology of hypertension associated with endothelial dysfunction. Perturbations of endothelial structural integrity are also critical for the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. We examined effect of chronic social stress on structure of aortic endothelium in bord erline hypertensive (BHR) and normotensive Wistar rats. Male BHR – offspring of Wistar mothers and SHR fathers and age-matched W were exposed to 6-week crowding stress (5 rats/cage, 200 cm2/rat). Aortic tissue was processed for electron microscopy and NO synthase activity measurement. Crowding stress significantly increased blood pressure in BHR compared to basal values (140±3 mm Hg vs. 130±3 mm Hg, p<0.05) and reduced enzyme activity by 37 % (p<0.01) in the aorta of BHR. Local slight structural alterations of endothelium were found in non-stressed BHR (p<0.001) when compared with Wistar rats. Chronic stress caused marked (p<0.005) subcellular injury of endothelial cells in aorta of BHR characterized by mitochondrial damage, presence of vacuoles, increased number of lysosomes, Weibel-Palade bodies, changes of intercellular connections and local disruption of endothelium, while only slight changes were seen in Wistar rats. Results suggest increased sensitivity of aortic endothelium of BHR to chronic crowding that may contribute to acceleration of arterial dysfunction., Ľ. Okruhlicová, K. Dlugošová, M. Mitašíková, I. Bernátová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1690. Ultrastructural distribution of the S100A1 Ca2+-binding protein in the human heart
- Creator:
- Bohumil Maco, Mandinova, A., Dürrenberger, M. B., Schäfer, B. W., Uhrík, B., and Heizmann, C. W.
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, imunocytochemie, immunocytochemistry, human heart muscle, Ca2+-binding proteins, S100A1, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Impaired calcium homeostasis and altered expression of Ca2+-binding proteins are associated with cardiomyopathies, myocardial hypertrophy, infarction or ischemia. S100A1 protein with its modulatory effect on different target proteins has been proposed as one of potential candidates which could participate in these pathological processes. The exact localization of S100A1 in human heart cells on the ultrastructural level accompanied with biochemical determination of its target proteins may help clarify the role of S100A1 in heart muscle. In the present study the distribution of the S100A1 protein using postembedding (Lowicryl K4M) immunocytochemical method in human heart muscle has been determined quantitatively, relating number of antigen sites to the unit area of a respective structural component. S100A1 antigen sites have been detected in elements of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), in myofibrils at all levels of sarcomere and in mitochondria, the density of immunolabeling at Z-lines being about 3 times and at SR more than 5 times higher than immunolabeling of remaining structural components. The presence of the S100A1 in SR and myofibrils may be related to the known target proteins for S100A1 at these sites., B. Maco, A. Mandinová, M.B. Dürrenberger, B.W. Schäfer, B. Uhrík, C.W. Heizmann., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public