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212. Climate-induced changes in the phenotypic plasticity of the Heath Fritillary, Melitaea athalia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Creator:
- Juhász, Edit, Végvári, Zsolt, Tóth, János P., Pecsenye, Katalin, and Zoltán Varga
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, babočkovití, morfologie (biologie), butterflies, Nymphalidae, morphology (biology), Panonská pánev, Pannonian Basin, Lepidoptera, Melitaea athalia, Procrustes anova, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recently a large number of studies have reported an increase in the variability in the climate, which affects behavioural and physiological adaptations in a broad range of organisms. Specifically, insects may be especially sensitive to climatic fluctuations, as their physiology and life history traits, like those of other ectotherms, are predominantly affected by environmental factors. Here we aimed to investigate climate-induced changes in several morphometric measures of the Heath Fritillary in North-Eastern Hungary, which is a highly diverse transitional area. During this study we tested the following hypotheses: (i) climate affects genitalia and body size to various degrees (ii) increasing variability in climate induces higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry and variance in all morphological characters. To our knowledge, this study is the first to analyse simultaneously wing size and structure of genitalia of a butterfly in response to variability in climate. Our findings suggest that wing and genital traits may exhibit similar degrees of stability in response to a more variable climate, although the response in terms of forewing size differs from that of other body measurements and the structure of the genitalia. These findings suggest that global climate change may affect lepidopteran body metrics over longer periods of time. Our findings parallel the results of investigations showing that insect morphology might be modified by environmental changes, which is especially the case for those body parts that are phenotypically very variable. However, we found no evidence that increasing variability in climate would induce higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry and greater variability in morphological characters., Edit Juhász, Zsolt Végvári, János P. Tóth, Katalin Pecsenye, Zoltán Varga., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
213. Cloning, expression and characterisation of a cysteine protease from Trichinella spiralis
- Creator:
- Song, Yan Yan, Wang, Li Ang, Ren, Hua Na, Qi, Xin, Sun, Ge Ge, Liu, Ruo Dan, Jiang, Peng, Zhang, Xi, Cui, Jing, and Wang, Zhong Quan
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitologie, parasitology, Trichinellosis, cysteine protease, invasion, development, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cysteine protease is a superfamily of widespread proteolytic enzymes and plays a major role in larval invasion, migration, exsheathing, survival and immune evasion in parasites. In the present study, the gene coding cysteine proteinase of the nematode Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) was cloned into pQE-80L and subsequently expressed in E. coli JM109. The rTsCP was purified and its antigenicity was identified by Western blot and ELISA. Using anti-rTsCP serum the native TsCP was identified in muscle larval crude proteins. The results of quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence test demonstrated that the TsCP was expressed in all stages of T. spiralis and located mainly in cuticle, stichosome and reproductive organs. The immunisation of mice with rTsCP elicited Th2-predominant immune responses. Anti-rTsCP antibodies could partially inhibit the in vitro larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells and kill the newborn larvae by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The vaccinated mice exhibited a 54% reduction of adults and a 33% reduction of muscle larvae following challenge infection. The results suggested that the TsCP might be an indispensable protein in Trichinella invasion, development and survival of T. spiralis in hosts, and could be a potential vaccine target against infection., Yan Yan Song, Li Ang Wang, Hua Na Ren, Xin Qi, Ge Ge Sun, Ruo Dan Liu, Peng Jiang, Xi Zhang, Jing Cui, Zhong Quan Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
214. Co a jak sdílejí mravenci s rostlinami - je myrmekofilie významná pro utváření ekosystémů?
- Creator:
- Pavel Kovář
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, mravencovití, rostliny, ekosystémy, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article primarily describes the original results of Czech research into interactions between ants and plants in Central Europe. The role of myrmecophily is illustrated by long-term case studies (mountain pastures, industrial deposits) at the ecosystem level. Facilitation and acceleration of spontaneous vegetation succession by the ants’ activity with their nest construction and seed dispersal can be used as a tool in assisted ecological restoration. and Pavel Kovář.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
215. Co dali čeští botanici světu?
- Creator:
- Adam Veleba
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Botanika, botanika, botanici, flóra, Česko, 2, and 58
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Two families of carnivorous plants have been described by Czech botanists: Byblidaceae Domin 1922 and Drosophyllaceae Chrtek, Slavíková and Studnička 1989. A history of the descriptions and some basic and interesting information about these families are presented. and Adam Veleba.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
216. Co je nového v biologii. Časový cirkadiánní systém, spánek a kofein - jak se vzájemně ovlivňují?
- Creator:
- Helena Illnerová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, biologie, spánek, kofein, biology, sleep, caffeine, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Kofein podaný večer snižuje ospalost a zvyšuje pozornost a schopnost poznávat. Zpožďuje však též časový cirkadiánní systém, neboť následující den po podání je zpožděn rytmus v tvorbě melatoninu, ukazatele fáze cirkadiánních hodin. Vynucená desynchronizace mezi spánkem a dobou vysoké noční hladiny melatoninu, která signalizuje subjektivní noc jedince, vede k narušení celého cirkadiánního systému., Evening caffeine consumption attenuates sleepiness and increases attention and cognitive abilities. In addition, it delays the circadian timekeeping system, as the next day after caffeine consumption the human melatonin rhythm, a circadian clock phase marker, is delayed. Forced desynchrony of sleep and the interval of high melatonin levels, which indicates a subjective night for an individual, leads to a disruption of the circadian system., and Helena Illnerová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
217. Co je nového v evoluční biologii. Genom latimérií
- Creator:
- Petr Ráb
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Obecná genetika. Obecná cytogenetika. Evoluce, evoluční biologie, genetika, ryby, evolutionary biology, genetics, fishes, 2, and 575
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- V r. 2013 dvě nezávislé skupiny osekvenovaly kompletní genomy obou taxonomicky známých druhů latimérií (Latimeria). Článek krátce shrnuje celou historii jejich objevu, zeměpisné rozšíření a stručně podává přehled vývoji poznatků o jednotlivých částech jejich genomu. Poté komentuje výsledky zmíněných celogenomových studií zejména vzhledem ke dvěma skupinám genů - společné pro paprskoploutvé ryby (Actinopterygii) a latimérii a společné pro latimérii a čtvernožce (Tetrapoda)., Two independent research groups decipher the complete genomes of both taxonomically known species of the genus Latimeria. This note briefly summarizes the discovery and geographic distribution of coelacanth species, and overviews the history of findings dealing with various parts of their genomes. It also comments on the results of both whole genome sequencing studies, especially as regards two gene groups - those present in ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and coelacanth and those present in coelacanth and tetrapods., and Petr Ráb.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
218. Co je za přemnožováním (gradací) lýkožrouta smrkového na Šumavě
- Creator:
- Pavel Kindlmann, Karel Matějka, and Petr Doležal
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, lýkožrout smrkový, smrk, Šumava (pohoří), 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- During summer 2011, severe outbreak of the Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) occurred in the Šumava National Park (NP). We aim to elucidate the laws governing population dynamics of this species and conclude that logging of all infested trees in the NP buffer zones, accompanied by a non-intervention policy in the core zones, is a strategy that will protect both, forests surrounding the NP and the most valuable mountain spruce stands in the Šumava NP. and Pavel Kindlmann, Karel Matějka, Petr Doležal.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
219. Co prozradilo srovnání genomů a transkriptomů bublinatek. Od populační genetiky k populační genomice. 1
- Creator:
- Helena Štorchová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, rostlinný genom, bublinatkovité, genomika, populační genetika, bioinformatika, plant genome, Lentibulariaceae, genomics, population genetics, bioinformatics, bublinatky, populační genomika, transkriptory, genomické mapy, bioinformatická analýza, population genomics, bladderwort, bioinformatic analysis, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Současná biologie se bouřlivě rozvíjí v oblasti genomiky. Tyto přístupy pronikají stále více do ekologie i evoluční biologie. Vznikl nový obor populační genomika, který propojuje terénní a laboratorní biologii. Využívá nové metodiky sekvenování a bioinformatických analýz, které v tomto článku stručně popisujeme a vysvětlujeme., Genomics is a rapidly developing field of modern biology. Novel genomic approaches are increasingly utilized in ecology and evolutionary biology. Population genomics has been recently established as a new discipline, connecting field and laboratory biology. It uses new sequencing methods as well as bioinformatic analyses, briefly described and explained in this article., and Helena Štorchová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
220. Co prozradilo srovnání genomů a transkriptomů bublinatek. Od populační genetiky k populační genomice. 2
- Creator:
- Helena Štorchová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, rostlinný genom, bublinatkovité, populační genetika, genomika, plant genome, Lentibulariaceae, population genetics, genomics, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Genomická a transkriptomická studia u dvou druhů bublinatky (Utricularia gibba a bublinatky obecné - Utricularia vulgaris) přinesla průlomové poznatky. Ukázala, že miniaturní genom Utricularia gibba obsahuje zhruba stejný počet genů jako jiné kvetoucí rostliny a u některých genových rodin došlo k výrazné expanzi. To se týká např. genů zodpovědných za tvorbu kutikuly nebo za reakci na chitin, což souvisí s životním stylem této vodní masožravé rostliny. Současná nepřítomnost genů souvisejících s vývojem a funkcí kořene u obou druhů bublinatky naznačuje ztrátu „kořenových” genů u společného předka těchto druhů., Genomic and transcriptomic studies in Utricularia gibba and U. vulgaris have led to important discoveries. It was found that the miniature genome of U. gibba contained about the same number of genes as other angiosperms and that some gene families even expanded. For example, the genes responsible for cuticle development or the response to chitin are more numerous than in other plants, which may be related to the aquatic carnivorous lifestyle. Coincident absence of the genes associated with root development and function in U. gibba and U. vulgaris indicates the loss of the root genes already in their common ancestor., and Helena Štorchová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public