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17733. Posilujeme výzkum globálních změn

Creator:
Svoboda, Luděk
Format:
print
Type:
article, zprávy, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Centrum výzkumu globální změny (Akademie věd ČR), akademie věd, globální změny, academies of science, global changes, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Luděk Svoboda. and Autor je pod článkem podepsán šifrou "lsd"
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17734. Positioning ot the NOR-bearing chromosomes in relation to nucleoli in daughter cells after mitosis

Creator:
Markéta Kalmárová, Evgeny Smirnov, Lubomír Kováčik, Alexey Popov, and Ivan Raška
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Buněčná biologie. Cytologie, fyziologie, chromozomy, buněčná jádra, physiology, chromosomes, cell nuclei, chromosome positioning, Nucleolus Organizer Regions (NORs), daughter cells, 2, and 576
Language:
English
Description:
It is known that chromosomes occupy non-random positions in the cell nucleus. However, it is not clear to what extent their nuclear positions, together with their neighborhood, are conserved in daughter cells. To address specific aspects of this problem, we used the model of the chromosomes carrying ribosomal genes that are organized in clusters termed Nucleolus Organizer Regions (NORs). We compared the association of chosen NOR-bearing chromosomes (NOR-chromosomes) with nucleoli, as well as the numbers of nucleoli, in the pairs of daughter cells, and established how frequently the daughter cells had equal numbers of the homologs of certain NOR-chromosomes associated with individual nucleoli. The daughter cells typically had different numbers of nucleoli. At the same time, using immuno-FISH with probes for chromosomes 14 and 15 in HeLa cells, we found that the cell pairs with identical combinations appeared significantly more frequently than predicted by the random model. Thus, although the total number of chromosomes associated with nucleoli is variable, our data indicate that the position of the NOR-bearing chromosomes in relation to nucleoli is partly conserved through mitosis., M. Kalmárová, E. Smirnov, L. Kováčik, A. Popov, I. Raška., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

17735. Positive correlation between potassium uptake and salt tolerance in wheat

Creator:
Cheng, D., Wu, G., and Zheng, Y.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, gas exchange, malondialdehyde, peroxidase, reactive oxygen species, Triticum aestivum L., 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The aim of our study was to answer whether any positive correlation exists between K+ uptake and salt tolerance in wheat. We carried out a sand-culture experiment with salt-tolerant, DK961 (ST), and salt-sensitive, JN17 (SS), wheat cultivars, where photosynthesis, the K+/Na+ ratio, growth, and the biomass yield were examined. The seeds were exposed for four weeks to six NaCl concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mM), which were embodied in the Hoagland solution. Salinity-induced decrease of K+ or increase in the Na+ content was much smaller in ST than that in SS. The reductions in the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (P Nmax) and chlorophyll content caused by salinity were smaller in the ST compared to SS. Stomatal conductance decreased in both cultivars under saline conditions; nevertheless, it was lower in SS than in ST. The antioxidative capacity was higher in ST than that in SS under saline conditions. Significant positive correlations were observed in both cultivars between K+ contents and P Nmax/biomass yields. We suggest that higher-affinity K+ uptake might play a key role in higher salt tolerance and it might be a reliable indicator for breeding new species of salt-tolerant wheat., D. Cheng, G. Wu, Y. Zheng., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

17736. Positive effect of oral supplementation with glycosaminoglycans and antioxidants on the regeneration of osteochondral defects in the knee joint

Creator:
Milan Handl, Evžen Amler, Bräun, K., Holzheu, J., Tomáš Trč, Imhoff, A. B., Lytvynets, A., Elena Filová, Hana Kolářová, Arnošt Kotyk, and Václav Martínek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, experimentální medicína, chrupavka, experimental medicine, cartilage, glycosaminoglycans, oral supplementation, osteochondral lesion, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
The effect of oral supplementation with glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and radical scavengers (vitamin E/selenium) on the regeneration of osteochondral defects was investigated in rabbits. After introduction of defined osteochondral defects in the knee joint, groups of ten animals were given a GAG/vitamin E/selenium mixture or a placebo (milk sugar) for 6 weeks. Following sacrifice, histological and histochemical analysis was performed. The amount of synovial fluid was increased in the placebo group, while the viscosity of the synovial fluid was significantly enhanced in the GAG group. The amount of sulfated GAG in the osteochondral regenerates (8.8±3.6 % vs. 6.0±5.6 %; p<0.03) was significantly higher in the GAG group. In both groups, the GAG amount in the cartilage of the operated knee was significantly higher than in the non-involved knee (p<0.05). Histological analysis of the regenerates in the GAG group was superior in comparison with the placebo group. For the first time, a biological effect following oral supplementation with GAG was demonstrated in healing of osteochondral defects in vivo. These findings support the known positive clinical results., M. Handl, E. Amler, K. Bräun, J. Holzheu, T. Trč, A. B. Imhoff, A. Lytvynets, E. Filová, H. Kolářová, A. Kotyk, V. Martínek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

17737. Positive effects of different drug forms of silybin in the treatment of metabolic syndrome

Creator:
Poruba, M., Zuzana Matušková, Ludmila Kazdová, Olena Oliyarnyk, Hana Malínská, Igor Tozzi di Angelo, and Rostislav Večeřa
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hyperglykémie, hyperlipidémie, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, HHTg rats, metabolic syndrome, silybin, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Silymarin and silybin are widely used for their hepatoprotective properties. Our previous studies confirm positive effect of silymarin on lipoprotein profile and lipid homeostasis. Advanced drug forms may improve the bioavailability of these compounds. In this study, we investigate the effects of silybin in different drug forms (standardized silybin, micronized silybin, and silybin in form of phytosomes) on dyslipidemia and glucose metabolism in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats. Male HHTg rats were divided into four groups of seven animals and were fed by experimental diets. Silybin significantly decreased serum level of triglycerides in groups of rats fed by standardized silybin and silybin in form of phytosomes compared to control group. Results show that silybin did not affect the total cholesterol level, but significantly increased the levels of HDL cholesterol in all groups of animals. Silybin in a standardized form had the highest hypotriglyceridemic effect. On the other hand, the micronized form has caused the highest increase of protective HDL and most significantly decreased glucose and insulin levels. Our results suggest that silybin is probably responsible for some positive properties of silymarin. Subsequent dose-dependent studies of silybin action may reveal the intensity of its positive effects on lipid and glucose parameters., M. Poruba, Z. Matušková, L. Kazdová, O. Oliyarnyk, H. Malínská, I. Tozzi di Angelo, R. Večeřa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17739. Poškozování rentgenové optiky intenzivním zářením: K čemu slouží experimentální výzkum interakce krátkovlnného elektromagnetického záření s hmotou

Creator:
Juha, Libor and Kuba, Jaroslav
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
České vysoké učení technické v Praze., Fakulta biomedicínského inženýrství, optika, rentgenové záření, vědecké programy, optics, X-rays, scientific programs, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
Vývoj rentgenových zdrojů čtvrté generace [vlnová délka =0,1nm; špičkový jas =10 [na] 32 fotonů / s mm2 mrad2 emit. spektr. pásma)] otevřel novou kapitolu výzkumu možného poškození optických prvků navržených k vedení a fokusaci jejich svazků. V článku nejdříve identifikujeme klíčové procesy spojené s interakcí intenzivního rentgenového záření s hmotou. Většina textu je pak věnována přehledu reprezentativních experimentálních výsledků uspořádaných podle Deaconova návrhu (Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys., Res. A 250, 283 (1986). Rozlišujeme zde poškození jedním impulsem záření (single-shot damage), při němž hrají klíčovou roli kolektivní a tepelné procesy, a poškození jednotlivými energetickými fotony (single-photon damage), které je spíše netepelného charakteru. Podstatná část novějších výsledků, představených v tomto přehledu, byla dosažena ve spolupráci ČVUT, AV ČR a MFF UK, samozřejmě při zapojení do mezinárodních struktur vytvořených pro výzkum těchto jevů., Libor Juha, Jaroslav Kuba., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

17740. Poskytování zdravotní péče ženám bez domova

Creator:
Pekárková, Andrea
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé bez domova, poskytování zdravotní péče, zdravotnické služby - dostupnost, ženské pohlaví, and lidé
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Nárůst počtu sociálně vyloučených osob v naší společnosti podtrhuje potřebu poskytování specifické zdravotní péče. Pacienti z této sociální vrstvy vyžadují komplexní zdravotně-sociální péči ve větší míře než pacienti z ostatních vrstev. Zdravotně-sociální péče o sociálně vyloučené osoby vyústila v USA a EU v založení oboru pouliční medicína (street medicine). Specifickou problematiku v rámci pouliční medicíny představuje zdravotně-sociální péče o ženy. Ta je v České republice zatížena, tak jako všeobecná lékařská péče o tyto osoby, profesionální nepřipraveností lékařů, zdravotnických zařízení i systému zdravotní péče (chybějí guidelines, chybí koncepce zdravotní péče o tuto sociální skupinu). Nadto u žen z této sociální skupiny chybí vzhledem k dlouhodobě neperspektivní životní situaci motivace ke spoluúčasti na prevenci., Increased number of socially excluded people in our society emphasizes the need to provide specific health care. Patients of this social group require complex health and social care to a greater extent than those of the other social groups. Health and social care for socially excluded people resulted in the US and the EU in establishing the field of street medicine. The specific issue within the street medicine is health and social care for women. This type of medicine struggles in the Czech Republic as well as the general medical care mainly due to professional unpreparedness of doctors, medical facilities and health care system (no recommendations, no concept of health care in this social group). In addition, women from this social group are not interested in screening programs as there is lack of motivation in their social situation., and Andrea Pekárková
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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