a1_Záměry. Cílem studie bylo: (a) analyzovat účinek dvou nezávisle proměnných (profesních orientací založených na modelu RIASEC a pohlaví) na skóry v inventáři NEO-FFI a v sebeposuzovacích dotaznících doménově specifické kreativity (K-DOCS a CAQ); (b) verifikovat šest hypotéz, stanovených na základě dřívějších výzkumů; (c) zjistit vnitřní konzistenci českého překladu Kaufmanovy škály doménově specifické kreativity; d) s pomocí EFA analyzovat faktorovou strukturu českého překladu K-DOCS a srovnat ho s originální verzí. Soubor a procedura. Výzkumný soubor sestával z 950 studentů většinou z Palackého univerzity v Olomouci. Ženy tvořily 75 % souboru. Studenti vyplňovali dotazníky pomocí webové aplikace, speciálně připravené pro tento výzkum. Statistická analýza. K odhadu vnitřní konzistence české verze K-DOCS autoři použili Cronbachovo alfa. Pětifaktorová struktura K-DOCS byla ověřována pomocí EFA. Účinek profesních zájmů a pohlaví na závisle proměnné autoři zjišťovali pomocí MANOVY, ANOVY a Tukeyho testu. Výsledky. EFA podpořila předpoklad, že český překlad K-DOCS má podobnou pětifaktorovou strukturu jako originální verze dotazníku. Studenti s uměleckými zájmy skórovali signifikantně výše na škále neuroticismu než investigativní, sociální a podnikavé typy. Skupina I-STEM skórovala výše než ostatní typy ve škále mechanické/ vědecké kreativity K-DOCS a níže ve škále každodenní/osobní tvořivosti. Umělecké typy získaly vyšší skóry než investigativní a podnikavé typy ve škálách výkonové kreativity, hudby a tvůrčího psaní CAQ. Studentky skórovaly ve škálách každodenní/osobní a umělecké kreativity K-DOCS výše než studenti. Muži měli vyšší skór než ženy ve škálách mechanické/vědecké a učenecké tvořivosti K-DOCS., a2_Skórovali také výše než ženy ve škálách humoru, vynálezectví a vědy CAQ. Omezení studie. Studie byla uskutečněna na moravských univerzitách. Ve výzkumném souboru byl větší počet žen (75 %) než mužů. Data byla získána prostřednictvím webové aplikace. Efekt realistických a konvenčních zájmů na závisle proměnné nebyl zkoumán., b1_Objectives. The study was aimed: (a) to analyse the effect of two independent variables (professional orientation grounded in the RIASEC model, and sex) on the NEO-FFI scores and the self-report questionnaires of domain-specific creativity (K-DOCS and CAQ); (b) to verify six hypotheses based on previous research; (c) to find out the internal consistency of Czech translation of the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale; (d) to analyse the factor structure of Czech translation of the K-DOCS using EFA, and to compare it with the original version of the questionnaire. Sample and setting. The research sample consisted of 950 students mostly from Palacký University in Olomouc. Women comprised 75% of the sample. Participants filled in inventories using web application specifically prepared for the research. Statistical analysis. Cronbach’s alfa was used as an estimate of the internal consistency of Czech version of the K-DOCS. Its five-factor structure was verified using EFA. The effects of vocational interests and sex on the dependent variables were explored by MANOVA, ANOVA, and Tukey’s test. Results. EFA supported preposition that Czech translation of the K-DOCS has similar five factor structure as its original version. Students with the artistic vocational interests are significantly higher on neuroticism than the innovative, social and enterprising ones. I-STEM types scored higher than other groups on the K-DOCS scale of Mechanical/Science, and lower on the scale of Self/Everyday. The artistic types were higher than other groups on the CAQ domains of Performance, Music and Creative writing. Female students scored higher than male ones on the K-DOCS scales of Self/Everyday and Artistic creativity. Men were higher than women on the K-DOCS scales of Mechanical/Science, and Scholarly. They also scored higher than women on the CAQ scales of Humor, Invention, and Science., b2_Study limitation. The study was realised at Moravian universities. In a research sample, there was greater proportion of women (75%) than men. Data were collected using web application. Effect of the realistic and conventional vocational interests on dependent variables was not examined., Alena Plháková, Daniel Dostál, Tereza Záškodná., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
V evropském výzkumném centru pro částicovou fyziku CERN je nalezen rituálně zavražděný vědec. Do Ženevy přilétá harvardský profesor symbolog Robert Langdon, aby pomohl rozluštit záhadné znamení, které kdosi umučenému vědci vypálil na hruď, a dochází k šokujícímu zjištění: cejch je dílem iluminátů, tajného bratrstva, které podle veškerých důkazů již dávno zaniklo. Nyní se však ilumináti znovu objevili na scéně s plánem pomstít se svému odvěkému nepříteli - katolické církvi. Z CERNu současně mizí čtvrt gramu antihmoty, jejíž anihilací může dojít k výbuchu o síle pěti kilotun trinitrotoluenu a zničení všeho v okruhu více než půl kilometru... and Andrea Cejnarová.
The author, a staff member of the oldest laboratory studying holography in the Czech Republic, describes the development of the laboratory from its beginnings through to the stage of holographic interferometry and onto advanced research in holographic diffraction gratings involving spectroscopic gratings, two dimensional measuring gratings, and diffractive sweepers. In addition, diffractive optics studied during the latest period is discussed., Miroslav Miler., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Since recently, it is possible, using noninvasive cortical stimulation, such as the protocol of paired associative stimulation (PAS), to induce the plastic changes in the motor cortex, in humans that mimic Hebb's model of learning. Application of TMS conjugated with peripheral elec trical stimulation at strictly coherent temporal manner lead to convergence of inputs in the sensory-motor cortex, with the consequent synaptic potentiation or weakening, if applied repeti tively. However, when optimal interstimulus interval (ISI) for induction of LTP-like effects is applied as a single pair, Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude inhibition is observed, the paradigm known as short-latency afferent inhibition (SLAI). Aiming to resolve this paradox, PAS protocols were applied, with 200 re petitions of TMS pulses paired with median nerve electrical stimul ation, at ISI equa l to individual latencies of evoked response of somatosensory cortex (N20) (PASLTP), and at ISI of N20 shortened for 5 msec (PASLTD) - protocols that mimic LTP-like changes in the human motor cortex. MEP amplitudes before, during and after interventions were measured as an indicator based on output signals originating from the motor system. Post-intervention MEP amplitudes following the TMS protocols of PASLTP and PASLTD were facilitated and depressed, respectively, contrary to MEP amplitudes during intervention. During PASLTP MEP amplitudes were significantly decreased in case of PASLTP , while in the case of PASLTD an upward trend was observed. In conclusions, a possible explanation for the seemingly paradoxical effect of PAS can be found in the mechanism of homeostatic modulation of plasticity. Those findings indicate the existence of complex relationships in the development of plasticity induced by stimulation, depending on the level of the previous motor cortex excitability., N. V. Ilić., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Non-random selection of reproductive partners in the human population, i.e. assortative mating, has been a stable occurrence for decades and across societies, including the Czech Republic. Social sciences have paid primary attention to homogamy, marriage between similar partners, also due to its potential impact on society. High levels of homogamy in a society may imply high closedness of the different groups, prevent social mobility, suggest racial tensions, or lead to higher inequality. Three factors are deemed as responsible for homogamy. Structural factors are represented by the partners’ physical closeness as they meet, for example, at school or other institutions. Second, there are individual factors, namely one’s personal preferences for a relationship with someone similar to one. Finally, social factors represent the influence of social groups as they have their own stake in preserving group cohesion through marriage between their members. However, evidence of assortative mating and its mechanisms mostly comes from attitudinal data or questionnaire surveys, which make it difficult to differ between individual and structural factors, among others. In this review article, I focus on the potential of data from online dating sites to help us better understand assortative mating. Is the Internet changing the ways people meet? How does assortative mating work in the online environment and what can it tell us about the mating process in general? The paper starts by presenting the main theories of assortative mating and adding information on the specifics of the online environment. There are basically two contradictory expectations of the effect of the Internet on the mating process. The first group assumes that the easy access to thousands of potential partners across all sociodemographic groups an online dating service provides, plus the absence of direct influence of intermediaries such as community members, will lead to higher diversity of the ensuing marriages. In short, the level of assortative mating will decrease. The opposite expectation is based on the assumption that people generally prefer contact with similar partners and online dating services help them more effectively filter mates by preferred criteria, thus avoiding contact with people who do not fit their expectations. As a result, assortative mating will grow. The theory section is followed by a review of contemporary international research of online dating services with regard to assortative mating. I conclude the detailed review by arguing that the human preference for similar partners occurs in the online environment as well, and therefore, assortative mating likely cannot be explained by structural factors only. Moreover, all points to the fact that data from real-life user interaction in online dating services can importantly widen our knowledge of assortative mating., Markéta Šetinová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy