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6656. Jak Kepler dospěl k prvním dvěma zákonům v Astronomia nova

Creator:
Štefl, Vladimír
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Kepler, Johannes, 1571-1630, astronomie, dějiny, astronomy, history, historie fyziky, Keplerovy zákony pohybu planet, history of physics, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Keplerův spis Astronomia nova představuje jedno z nejvýznamnějších astronomických děl všech dob. Obsahuje odvození vztahů, jimž dnes říkáme první a druhý Keplerův zákon pohybu planet. Kepler zde uplatnil nový přístup k astronomii, fyzice a vesmíru vůbec, když vyšetřoval eliptickou dráhu, po níž se Mars pohybuje kolem Slunce. Vysvětlení pohybu Marsu pojal nejen geometricky, ale využil i fyzikální magnetickou hypotézu., Kepler's Astronomia nova is one of the most important astronomical texts ever written. It contains what are known today as Kepler's first two laws of planetary motion. Kepler created a new approach to astronomy, physics of the heavens, based upon an examination of the motion of Mars, which is moving around the Sun on an elliptical path. The interpretation of the motion of Mars was not based only on geometrical demonstrations but also on a physical magnetic hypothesis., Vladimír Štefl., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6658. Jak mapovat rychlosti molekul

Creator:
Grygoryeva, Kateřina, Poterya, Viktoriya, and Fárník, Michal
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyzika, molekulární fyzika, ionty, physics, molecular physics, ions, iontové zobrazování, zobrazování rychlostních map, fotodisociace molekul, ion imaging, velocity map imaging, molecular photodissociation, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Metody iontového zobrazování a zobrazování rychlostních map (velocity map imaging - VMI) se používají v nejrůznějších oblastech molekulové fyziky a dynamiky. Zaměřili jsme se zejména na studium fotodisociace molekul. V článku přehledně vysvětlíme princip zobrazovacích metod a představíme některé základní experimentální uspořádání a různé metody zpracování snímků. Také je nastíněna metoda detekce pomocí rezonanční ionizace částic umožňující rozlišení kvantových stavů. Na závěr uvedeme jeden příklad studia disociace molekul halogenvodíků na ledových nanočásticích v naší laboratoři a vysvětlíme, jak studované procesy souvisejí s tvorbou ozonové díry., Ion imaging and velocity map imaging (VMI) methods are currently applied in various areas of molecular physics. Here we focus on molecular photodissociation dynamic investigations. The basic principles of VMI methods are explained and essential experimental arragements are introduced as well as various image analyses methods. Resonance ionization methods enabling quantum state resolved detection are also briefly mentioned. Finally, an example from our laboratory is discussed, where hydrogen halide molecules are dissociated onto ice nanoparticles. Such processes are highly relevant for ozone hole generation in the stratosphere above Antarctic., Kateřina Grygoryeva, Viktoriya Poterya, Michal Fárník., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6659. Jak měřit bezmocnost: předběžné výsledky

Creator:
Traxlerová, Marie and Rabušic, Ladislav
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociální výzkum, měření, analýza dat, odcizení (sociální psychologie), bezmocnost (sociologie), social research, measurement, data analysis, alienation (social psychology), Powerlessness, Neal's Powerlessness Scale, Nealova škála bezmocnosti, Nealův index bezmocnosti, Neal-Seemanův index anomie, 303, 303.2, 303.7, 316.613-024.83, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper deals with powerlessness as one of the possible meanings of alienation, and presents Neal’s Powerlessness Scale as a means for measuring this concept. The aim of this research is to find out if it is possible to adopt the Neal’s research technique, developed in the context of the American culture in the late 1950s, to empirical sociological research in the Czech Republic. This issue is important because there is at present no standard attitudinal instrument for measuring a persons’ perception of their power to exert influence over socio-political events. An initial test of the reliability and internal and external validity of Neal’s scale is undertaken using a non-representative sample of the Czech population. Results of this quantitative analysis suggest that a subset of nine items from the original twelve item scale is the most reliable and valid measure of a person’s sense of control over the socio-political events within the Czech cultural milieu. Importantly, the process of data collection reveals several problematic features of Neal’s powerlessness scale, and it is recommended that certain alterations before its further use in the Czech context., Marie Traxlerová, Ladislav Rabušic., 4 tabulky, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6660. Jak měřit stranickou identifikaci?

Creator:
Lukáš Linek
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, měření, sociologie politiky, politické strany, volební chování, measurement, political sociology, political parties, electoral behavior, party identification, party attachment, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
This study has two key aims. First, it explores the two main methods used in the Czech Republic to operationalize the concept of party identification. Second this study demonstrates the merits of both methods; and on the basis of this research proposes one of these party identification measures for use in future studies. This study builds on the classical conceptualization of party identification developed by the Michigan School, but also utilizes (1) reformulations proposed by the Revisionist School; (2) Macropartisanship theory; (3) the Social Identity approach; and (4) experience of using the party identification measure in Europe. Using the Czech Election Study of 2002 this research shows that estimates of partisanship are influenced by how the survey question is formulated. Thereafter, the relationship between the two main variants used in the Czech Republic is presented. This work reveals that use of a (prior) vote intention item leads to an ‘over estimation’ of partisanship when compared to the other partisan measure. Comparing estimates from the Czech Election Studies of 1996, 2002 and 2006 this article reveals that there is no simple association between party identification and voter turnout. In fact, it is better to think of party identification as having two components: (a) probability to vote; and (b) probability to support a party that elicits a sense of identity from voters., Lukáš Linek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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