This paper describes an invented method for direct measurement of coalbed methane content in situ. In contrast to known procedures, this method does not need to place a rock or drilling cuts into an airtight canister, and does not involve sealing of the hole. Moreover, the new method is monitoring methane content in situ continuously and synchronously during drilling the hole not losing any portion of the gas. These positive features are a sequel of new approach based on injection of known portion of neutral gas into the hole. Methane content was determined from concentration of the mixture ‘methane-neutral gas´ at the hole´s mouth. New method is applicable for commercial recovery application of coalbed methane and forecast of dangerous gas and coal bursts. FLAC3D computer simulation helped to investigate dynamics of methane outflow from the hole to account for the effect of drilling speed on the rate of gas emanation.
The work deals with design and implementation of an analogue electro-optic transmission system convenient to solve some specialized tasks in the field of diagnostics and measurements. The proposed system is designed to solve several requirements that are beyond the limits of conventional metallic transmission medium. Especially it is the case of broadband transmission, extreme length of the transmission medium and high galvanic barrier between input and output that have to be achieved simultaneously. and Práce popisuje vývoj a realizaci analogového elektro-optického přenosového systému použitelného v některých speciálních případech diagnostiky a měření. Navržený přenosový systém řeší několik vzájemně se limitujících požadavků, které není možné standardním metalickým propojením splnit. Jde zejména o současné dosažení velké šířky frekvenčního pásma, délky přenosového média a dostatečné galvanické bariéry mezi vstupem a výstupem.
The paper deals with detecting of selected chemical substances, compounds and undesirable chemical compounds in the examined lubricants. Measurements were performed by spectrometer Nicolet 6700 FT-IR. Infrared spectroscopy is an optical non-destructive analytical method, which provides quick and comprehensive information about the condition of the lubricant. This method is used for determination of parameter changes in the oil. The oil contamination by other products can be detected by mentioned method. The infrared spectrometer uses two methods of measurement (transmission and reflective). The principle of the transmission method is the absorption of infrared radiation by the sample. During the transition the changes in rotation-vibrational energy states of the molecule occur in dependence on the molecule dipole moment variations. Nicolet 6700 FT-IR spectrometer is variable spectrometric system suitable for wide range of analytic applications. The analysis of absorption spectrum in the middle infrared part of the spectrum (from 7.800 cm-1 and 350 cm-1) is possible to realize by spectrophotometer Nicolet 6700. and Príspevok sa zaoberá zisťovaním prítomnosti vybraných chemických látok a zlúčenín v skúmaných mazivách a tiež prítomnosťou nežiaducich chemických zlúčením v mazive, ktoré sme zistili pomocou spektrometra Nicolet 6700 FT-IR. Infračervená spektroskopia je optická nedeštruktívna analytická metóda, ktorá poskytuje rýchle a komplexné informácie o stave použitého maziva a využíva sa na stanovenie zmien oleja, napr. pri olejoch pre plynové motory sa touto metódou stanovuje oxidácia, nitrácia a sulfanácia oleja. Touto metódou sa dá zistiť aj kontaminácia oleja iným olejom, alebo produktom, ale aj vodou. V infračervenom spektrometri sú používané dve techniky merania, a to transmisné a reflektančné (reflexné). Princípom transmisnej metódy je absorpcia infračerveného žiarenia pri prechode vzorkou, pri ktorej dochádza k zmenám rotačno-vibračných energetických stavov molekuly v závislosti na zmenách dipólového momentu molekuly. Nicolet 6700 FT-IR Spektrometer je variabilný spektrometrický systém vhodný pre najširšiu škálu analytických aplikácií. Nicolet 6700 je spektrofotometer pre strednú infračervenú oblasť a je určený pre meranie absorpčných spektier v MIR (stredný rozsah IČ, od 7 800 cm-1až do 350 cm-1).
Metoda fázově modulační časově rozlišené konfokální mikrospektrofluorimetrie byla využita v kombinaci s fluorescenčním zobrazováním k monitorování transportu fluorescenčně značeného terapeutického oligonukleotidu do buněk za pomoci kationického porfyrinu. Bylo možné sledovat stabilitu vytvořeného transportního komplexu ve vnitrobuněčném prostředí a interakci transportovaného oligonukleotidu s cílovými molekulárními strukturami v buněčném jádře., Time-resolved phase modulation microspectrofluorimetry in combination with fluorescence microscopy imaging have been applied to monitor the cellular uptake fluorescent-labeled therapeutic oligonucleotide delivered by a cationic porphyrin. Transport complex stability inside the cell and the oligonucleotide interaction with the target molecular structures in the cell nucleus has been monitored., Petr Praus, Eva Kočišová, Josef Štěpánek, Peter Mojzeš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of this study is to explore the sources of attitude constraints regarding the role of government in the economy, and to find out whether the sources of these constraints are the same as in Western democracies. Use is made of Converse’s approach to conceptualize attitude constraint where an individual’s belief system is seen to be a configuration of attitudes and values characterized by a functional interdependence, or constraint. This constraint may be interpreted in terms of the probability of being able to predict one attitude having knowledge of another. In this study, there is a review of the sources of attitude constraint and related measurement issues. Using ISSP 2006 (Role of Government module) an analysis of attitudinal constraints is presented using two attitudinal scales. This research confirms that the sources of attitude constraint in the Czech Republic are similar to those observed in Western Europe and the USA. Specifically, class, education, and other social-demographic variables are shown to have very limited effects. Moreover, Converse’s contention that attitude constraints are strongly determined by political involvement, political knowledge, or party identification is also shown to be valid for Czech society., Lukáš Linek., 1 obrázek, 4 tabulky, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
The paper deals with the dynamic transmission error (ТЕ) measurements of a simple gear set at gearbox operational conditions that means under load and during rotation.
The analysis method is focused on the processing of impulse signals generated by incremental rotary encoders attached to the gears in mesh. The analysis technique benefits from demodulation of a phase-modulated signal. The theory is illustrated by experiments with a car gearbox and measurement errors are discussed. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article explores how aggregate level data may be used to make inferences about individual level behaviour. A common strategy in the past was to assume that the relations evident in aggregated data are also present in individual data. Analysis of datasets where there is both individual and aggregated information demonstrates that this assumption is most often incorrect. This means that the relationships observed between variables at an aggregated level are unlikely to be observed in individual level data. This is a problem because quite often social scientists only have aggregated data for exploring individual level behaviour. A key question explored in this article is how is it possible to validly and reliably use aggregated datasets to make inferences about relationships between variables at the individual level. An example analysis is given using electoral data from the Czech Republic., Pat Lyons., 4 obrázky, 4 tabulky, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
The bicarbonate compensation concentration (BCC) measmed in Scenedesmus quadricauda increased significantly with increasing total alkalínity (TA): ířom 2-5 inmol(HC03') m'^ at an alkalinity of 0.5 mol m'^ to 416-444 mmol(HC03") m"^ at an alkalinity of 10 mol m'^. This should be taken into account when evaluating a species ability to use HC03’. The increase of BCC at higher alkalinities could be caused by carbonate inhibition of HC03‘ uptake and/or by extremely high assimilatory pH reached.