Described are the principles of calculation, the methodology and the results of laboratory tests of grazing incidence mirrors used in solar X-ray telescopes installed in rockets "Vertikal 8" (1979), "Vertikal 9" (1981) and "Vertikal 11" (1983) launched as part of the
Intercosmos programme. The X-ray grazing incidence mirrors were developed in the Astronomical Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences using galvanoplastic replica technology and tested in the Lebedev Institute of Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences according to a chart design with one of the investigated mirrors acting as a collimator. The advantages and drawbacks
of this test method of X-ray mirrors are analysed.
During a simulation of particle physics phenomena the optical effects sometimes appear, so the appropriate optical elements are then useful. This article describes the simulation of suitable optical lenses in the program pack Geant4.9.3. The quality of this simulation is evaluated in comparison with Standard Test Lens Sira 50 mm. The aim of this study is to help in deciding whether the Geant4 simulation of such optical elements corresponds to physical reality. and Při simulaci jevů v částicové fyzice se projevují i optické efekty, pro které je třeba mít vhodnou optiku. Článek popisuje simulaci optických čoček v programovém prostředí Geant4.9.3 a její kvalitu posuzuje srovnáním se standardní testovací čočkou Sira 50 mm. Jde o studii mající rozhodnout, zda simulace optických prvků v Geantu4 odpovídá fyzikální realitě.
During a resecue excavation in the area of Mušov-Neurissen (Land-register territory Mušov, municipality Pasohlávky, district Brno-venkov) in 1993-1994 we investigated an area with numerous traces of Roman military presence, and we also found evidence for settlement activities of local barbarian populations. An important Marcomannic wars site is located beneath Burgstall hill. In the area of Neurissen (Mušov-Neurissen IV), human skeletons (34 individuals) and parts of animal skeletons have been found. This article is focused on small artefacts of barbarian provenance which have been recovered from the ditch filling. One possible interpretation of this unusual find is that the humans found in the ditch were killed and discarded in the ditch during rituals, the details of which remain unknown., Ondrej Šedo., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
While gender has gained serious credit on the international development research and policy agenda, this is not reflected in Czech development studies. Likewise, the situation of women living in the developing world has been tackled by Czech gender studies only occasionally. This lack of attention from both Czech academia and Czech civil society is owing to the slow reconstruction of both interdisciplines during the transition and to the prevailing liberalism of Czech society. Even though links between gender and poverty are reflected in the mainstream discourse of international organizations, the author criticizes their underlying liberal assumptions from the viewpoint of feminist economics without acknowledging the capacity of post-modern feminists to tackle lived poverty. While grassroots women’s movements in the South reveal diverse theoretical backgrounds, in Czech development cooperation gender is only formally reflected in policy and operational documents. The author demonstrates this strong gender blindness through the example of a presumably gender neutral project on agricultural education in Angola. Czech development cooperation has supported only a few gender projects, which were intended especially for at risk women. In conclusion, the author advocates mainstreaming the gender perspective into Czech development cooperation and, by extending the scope of feminist standpoint theory, argues that the development constituency cannot be genuinely pro-poor without paying special attention to women and the gender constituency cannot pretend to defend women’s rights without paying attention to the poor living in the South., Ondřej Horký., and Obsahuje bibliografii