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15322. What drives conditional cooperation in public goods games?

Creator:
Katuščák, Peter and Miklánek, Tomáš
Publisher:
CERGE-EI
Format:
electronic, bez média, svazek, and 34 stran : ilustrace, tabulky.
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Ekonomie, dobročinnost, fundraising, experimentální ekonomie, charity, fund raising, experimental economics, 177.72, 364-646.3, 33-028.77, (048.8), 4, and 33
Language:
English and Czech
Description:
Peter Katuščák, Tomáš Miklánek., Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy, and České a anglické resumé
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15323. What form of existentialism is there in Havel’s concept of dissent?: Hejdánek’s critique of Havel

Creator:
Hejduk, Tomáš
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Havel, Hejdánek, nonpolitical politics, and dissent
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Czech dissident movement included thinkers who searched for a morally pure, parallel polis, and who felt comfortable within its isolation. The philosophers of Charter 77 (Jan Patočka and Ladislav Hejdánek especially), by contrast, rejected the idea of being morally superior to their opponents. It is interesting to consider where Václav Havel stands at this crossroads. Havel very much cooperated with the above-mentioned philosophers and was inspired by them in his own writing and agency. On the other hand, Havel undoubtedly performed a certain moral-existential concept of dissent. In this paper I examine Havel’s existential concept. In particular, after distinguishing between two existential approaches in Havel’s writings, I analyse two fundamental philosophical critiques of Havel in the work of Ladislav Hejdánek. According to Hejdánek, Havel 1) identifies intellectuals with non-politicians, i.e. he is governed by the incorrect dualism of the political versus the non-political, and 2) is self-focused and moralising, i.e. he keeps too much within his own self (subjectivity) and “a given” (existent, objective) world. Given this critique, I will systematise Hejdánek’s objections and suggested solutions. In the first case, I see the solution in a more detailed distinction: we should distinguish between politics and non-politics (intellectuals) but also non-political politics. In the second case, we should look for the essence (focal point) of man not in his morality but outside it: man should orient himself “out of his self”.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15324. What is the role of neurotransmitter systems in cortical seizures?

Creator:
Pavel Mareš and Hana Kubová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, neurofyziologie, epileptologie, farmakologie, neurophysiology, epileptology, pharmacology, cortical epileptic afterdischarges, GABA, glutamate, immature rats, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Epileptic afterdischarges (ADs) elicited by electrical stimulation of sensorimotor cortical area were used as a model to study the role of neurotransmitter systems in cortical seizures in three age groups of developing rats. Drugs augmenting inhibition mediated by GABAA receptors were found to suppress ADs in all age groups, their activity was usually more marked in younger than in 25-day-old rat pups. Drugs potentiating GABAB receptors exhibit lower efficacy and more complicated developmental profile than GABAA-ergic drugs. Effects of an antagonist of GABAB receptor – marked prolongation of ADs in all three age groups – suggest an important role of GABAB receptors in arrest of cortical seizures. Drugs affecting glutamate receptors exhibit variable effects, usually better expressed in older animals than in 12-day-old ones. No specific role for ionotropic as well as metabotropic glutamate receptors could be predicted. Activation of adenosinergic inhibitory modulatory system also exhibited anticonvulsant action in the present model. All three neurotransmitter systems probably participate in mechanisms of generation, maintenance and arrest of cortical seizures., P. Mareš, H. Kubová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15325. What is the source of free radicals causing hemolysis in stored blood?

Creator:
Jaroslav Racek, Růžena Herynková, Václav Holeček, Faltysová, J., and Krejčová, I.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, volné radikály, leukocyty, hemolýza, free radicals, leucocytes, hemolysis, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The quality of stored blood can be deteriorated by hemolysis caused by free radicals. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether neutrophile leukocytes are the source of free radicals in stored blood as in hemodialyzed patients. Resuspensions with low (LL) or high (HL) leukocyte concentrations were prepared from samples of twenty healthy volunteers. The samples were incubated for 10 days at 4 °C and then for one day at 37 °C. Markers of hemolysis and free radical metabolism were examined before and after incubation in LL and HL samples. In spite of the difference of leukocytes counts in LL and HL resuspensions (p<0.0001), the pre-incubation values of all laboratory parameters were practically identical. In post-storage samples, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities did not differ in either group. Reduced glutathione in erythrocytes and extracellular antioxidant capacity were insignificantly lower in HL resuspensions, but the increase of malondialdehyde was much more pronounced in the HL samples (p<0.0001). The degree of hemolysis, expressed as the extracellular increase of potassium (p<0.001), hemoglobin (p<0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase (p<0.05), was higher in the HL samples. Our results support the hypothesis that leukocytes participate in free radical production in stored blood., J. Racek, R. Herynková, V. Holeček, J. Faltysová, I. Krejčová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15326. What is the usual internal carbon dioxide concentration in C4 species under midday field conditions?

Creator:
Bunce, J. A.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
net photosynthetic rate, nitrogen, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The carbon dioxide concentrating system in C4 photosynthesis allows high net photosynthetic rates (PN) at low internal carbon dioxide concentrations (Ci), permitting higher PN relative to stomatal conductance (gs) than in C3 plants. This relation would be reflected in the ratio of Ci to external ambient (Ca) carbon dioxide concentration, which is often given as 0.3 or 0.4 for C4 plants. For a Ca of 360 µmol mol-1 that would mean a Ci about 110-140 µmol mol-1. Our field observations made near midday on three weedy C4 species, Amaranthus retroflexus, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Setaria faberi, and the C4 crop Sorghum bicolor indicated mean values of Ci of 183-212 µ mol mol-1 at Ca = 360 µmol mol-1. Measurements in two other C4 crop species grown with three levels of N fertilizer indicated that while midday values of Ci at high photon flux were higher at limiting N, even at high nitrogen Ci averaged 212 and 196 µmol mol-1 for Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Zea mays, respectively. In these two crops midday Ci decreased with increasing leaf to air water vapor pressure difference. Averaged over all measurement days, the mean Ci across all C4 species was 198 µmol mol-1, for a Ci/Ca ratio of 0.55. Prior measurements on four herbaceous C3 species using the same instrument indicated an average Ci/Ca ratio of 0.69. Hence midday Ci values in C4 species under field conditions may often be considerably higher and more similar to those of C3 species than expected from measurements made on plants in controlled environments. Reducing gs in C4 crops at low water vapor pressure differences could potentially improve their water use efficiency without decreasing PN.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15327. What's in a name in a war

Creator:
Jurajda, Štěpán and Kovač, Dejan
Publisher:
CERGE-EI
Format:
electronic, bez média, svazek, and 44 stran : ilustrace, tabulky, mapy.
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, 20. století, nacionalismus, rodná jména, sociální paměť, mezigenerační vztahy, ustašovci, jugoslávská válka (1991-1995), sociolingvistika, nationalism, first names, social memory, intergenerational relations, Ustashi, Yugoslav War (1991-1995), sociolinguistics, Chorvatsko, Croatia, 172.15, 81'373.231, 316.6:159.953, 316.4.051.63, 329.18(497.5)-051, 355.48(497.1)"1991/1995", 81'27, (497.5), (048.8), 18, and 316
Language:
English and Czech
Description:
Štěpán Jurajda, Dejan Kovač., Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy, and České a anglické resumé
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15328. Wheat cultivars differing in heat tolerance show a differential response to monocarpic senescence under high-temperature stress and the involvement of serine proteases

Creator:
Chauhan, S., Srivalli, S., Nautiyal, A. R., and Khanna-Chopra, R.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
heat stress, photosynthesis, Rubisco, senescence, serine protease, and wheat
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
High temperature is a common constraint during anthesis and grain-filling stages of wheat leading to huge losses in yield. In order to understand the mechanism of heat tolerance during monocarpic senescence, the present study was carried out under field conditions by allowing two well characterized Triticum aestivum L. cultivars differing in heat tolerance, Hindi62 (heat-tolerant) and PBW343 (heat-susceptible), to suffer maximum heat stress under late sown conditions. Senescence was characterized by measuring photosynthesis related processes and endoproteolytic activity during non-stress environment (NSE) as well as heat-stress environment (HSE). There was a faster rate of senescence under HSE in both the genotypes. Hindi62, having pale yellow flag leaf with larger area, maintained cooler canopy under high temperatures than PBW343. The tolerance for high temperature in Hindi62 was clearly evident in terms of slower green-leaf area degradation, higher stomatal conductance, higher stability in maximum PSII efficiency, Rubisco activity and Rubisco content than PBW343. Both the genotypes exhibited lower endopeptidase activity under HSE as compared to NSE and this difference was more apparent in Hindi62. Serine proteases are the predominant proteases responsible for protein degradation under NSE as well as HSE. Flag leaf of both the genotypes exhibited high-molecular-mass endoproteases (78 kDa and 67 kDa) isoforms up to full grain maturity which were inhibited by specific serine protease inhibitor in both the environments. In conclusion, the heat-tolerant Hindi62 exhibited a slower rate of senescence than the heat-susceptible PBW343 during HSE, which may contribute towards heat stability. and S. Chauhan ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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