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2272. Václav Vaněček: (1905-1985)

Creator:
Hana Kábová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Vaněček, Václav, 1905-1985, věda a společnost, science and society, historici právní, historians of law, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Nedávno zesnulý významný český právní historik Jiří Kejř charakterizoval Vaněčkovo odborné dílo imponující rozsahem i hloubkou v roce 1985 slovy: „Od velikých monografií, kterým patří už právem označení klasické, a obsáhlých učebnic přes zevrubně fundované studie a články až k recenzím, drobným zprávám a veřejným projevům sahá jeho dílo o několika stech bibliografických položkách a ukazuje, jakou pílí a erudicí se vyznačoval jeho autor. Ne však množství publikací svědčí o místě učence ve vývoji vědy. […]“ and Hana Kábová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2273. Vagal-immune interactions involved in cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway

Creator:
Ivan Žila, Daniela Mokrá, Kopincova, J., Kolomaznik, M., Michal Javorka, and Andrea Čalkovská
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, autonomní nervový systém, cytokiny, autonomic nervous system, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxemia, vagus nerve, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, inflammatory reflex, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Inflammation and other immune responses are involved in the variety of diseases and disorders. The acute response to endotoxemia includes activation of innate immune mechanisms as well as changes in autonomic nervous activity. The autonomic nervous system and the inflammatory response are intimately linked and sympathetic and vagal nerves are thought to have anti-inflammation functions. The basic functional circuit between vagus nerve a nd inflammatory response was identified and the neuroimmunomodulation loop was called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Unique function of vagus nerve in the anti-inflammatory reflex arc was found in many experimental and pre-clinical studies. They br ought evidence on the cholinergic signaling interacting with systemic and local inflammation, particularly suppressing immune cells function. Pharmacological/electrical modulation of vagal activity suppressed TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines prod uction and had beneficial therapeutic effects. Many questions related to mapping, linking and targeting of vagal-immune interactions have been elucidated and brought understanding of its basic physiology and provided the initial support for development of Tracey's inflammatory reflex. This review summarizes and critically assesses the current knowledge defining cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with main focus on studies employing an experimental approach and emphasizes the potential of modulation of va gally-mediated anti-inflammatory pathway in the treatment strategies., I. Zila, D. Mokra, J. Kopincova, M. Kolomaznik, M. Javorka, A. Calkovska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2274. Validation of approximation techniques for local total electron content mapping

Creator:
Krypiak-Gregorczyk, Anna, Wielgosz, Pawel, Gosciewski, Dariusz, and Paziewski, Jacek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, ionosféra, ionosphere, GNSS, ionospheric delay, TEC, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of this study was to assess the performance of several approximation techniques for ionospheric total electron content (TEC) mapping. Approximation techniques based on data-fitting with local or general two-dimensional polynomials, local planes or distance-dependent interpolation were applied and tested. For the ionosphere modeling, dual-frequency GPS data from Polish GBAS system (ASG-EUPOS) were used, and TEC was estimated together with hardware delays from phasesmoothed pseudoranges. Next, grids of vertical TEC values with spatial resolution of 0.25 degrees in both latitude and longitude were generated using the evaluated approximation techniques. Subsequently the grids were used to create regional TEC maps with 5-minute temporal resolution, and also to create ionospheric delay corrections for GPS positioning. The quality of the resulting ionospheric maps was tested twofold, firstly by comparison to high-quality CODE global ionosphere maps (GIM), which were generated using data from about 150 GPS sites of the International GNSS Service (IGS). Secondly, by creating double-differenced ionospheric delay corrections and comparing them to reference values derived from the reference network data processing. For the correction tests, two perpendicular baselines directed North-South (N-S) and West-East (W-E) and reaching up to 100 km were selected. The approximation methods were analyzed with a special emphasis on the diverse ionospheric conditions. For the testing, a quiet ionosphere day of 20 March 2012 and an active ionosphere day of 9 March 2012 were selected. The results show that the regional models properly represent the changing ionosphere, with the best results provided by data-fitting into local functions., Anna Krypiak-Gregorczyk, Pawel Wielgosz, Dariusz Gosciewski and Jacek Paziewski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2275. Variable expression of hypercholesterolemia in apolipoprotein E2* (Arg136 - Cys) Heterozygotes

Creator:
Jaroslav Hubáček, Jan Piťha, Petr Stávek, Schmitz, G., and Rudolf Poledne
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, sekvenování DNA, metabolismus lipidů, DNA sequencing, lipid metabolism, apolipoprotein E, rare mutation, PCR, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In the process of population screening for apo E gene polymorphism with the PCR and subsequent restriction analysis, we identified a female who demonstrated heterozygosity for an unusual restriction fragment caused by the loss of a CfoI restriction site. Sequence analysis of the apo E gene was performed and a carrier of the mutant allele with C - T substitution at cDNA position 3817 was identified, which caused an Arg136 - Cys change. The first-line relatives have been screened for this rare mutation with PCR and restriction analysis of PCR products. The complete lipoprotein parameters have been determined in the probands family. In the family, only one child had the same mutant allele as his mother had. The proband (7.49 mmol/l) with her siblings had hypercholesterolemia and a high body mass index (BMI 31.6 kg/m2). By contrast, her son had a normal lipid spectrum with normal BMI. We described the mutation apo E2* (Arg136 - Cys) in a family with elevated lipid levels, but there was no confirmation of the connection between this mutation and type III hyperlipoproteinemia or hyperlipoproteinemia at all. In the case of this mutation, other factors (mainly genetic) are important for the development of lipid metabolism disorders., J. A. Hubáček, J. Piťha, P. Stávek, G. Schmitz, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2276. Vascular metabolic dysfunction and lipotoxicity

Creator:
Mattern, H. M. and Hardin, C. D.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, cévní, apoptóza, physiology, smooth muscles, apoptosis, hladké svaly cév, palmitát, oleát, reaktivní formy kyslíku, vascular smooth muscle, palmitate, oleate, reactive oxygen species, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of lipotoxicity in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). C1-BODIPY 500/510 C12 used to assess the ability of VSM A7r5 cells to transport long-chain fatty acids showed that lipid transport did not appear to limit metabolism. Thin layer chromatography revealed that storage of transported fatty acid occurred primarily as mono- and diglycerides and fatty acids but not as triglycerides. We used lipid-induced apoptosis as a measure of lipotoxicity and found that 1.5 mM palmitate (6.8:1) bound to albumin resulted in a 15-fold increase in the number of apoptotic cells compared to the control at 24 hours. This apoptosis did not seem to be due to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) since VSM cells incubated in palmitate showed less ROS production than cells incubated in albumin only. Similar exposure to oleate did not significantly increase the number of apoptotic cells compared to the control. Oleate actually significantly attenuated the apoptosis induced by palmitate, suggesting that unsaturated fatty acids have a protective effect on cells undergoing palmitate-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that vascular smooth muscle is vulnerable to lipotoxicity and that this lipotoxicity may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis., H. M. Mattern, C. D. Hardin., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2277. Vascular stenosis asymmetry influences considerably pressure gradient and flow volume

Creator:
Novakova, L., Kolinsky, J., Adamec, J., Kudlicka, J., and Jan Malík
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ateroskleróza, atherosclerosis, stenosis, dialysis access, pressure gradient, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Vascular stenosis is often described only by its percentage in both clinical and scientific praxis. Previous studies gave inconclusive results regarding the effect of stenosis eccentricity on its hemodynamic effect. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate and quantify the effect of stenosis severity and eccentricity on the pressure drop. A combination of pressure and flow measurements by Par ticle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) method was used. Models of the same stenosis significance but with different levels of eccentricity were studied in vitro by PIV. This study has shown that stenosis asymmetry is associated with more profound pressure drop an d flow volume decrease. On the contrary, pressure drop and flow volume decrease were not further significantly influenced by the level of asymmetry. Hemodynamic changes associated with stenosis eccentricity must be taken into account in both clinical and s cientific studies., L. Novakova, J. Kolinsky, J. Adamec, J. Kudlicka, J. Malik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2278. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in rat heart atria: the effect of hyperthyroidism

Creator:
Jitka Kuncová and Jana Slavíková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, srdce, heart, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, hyperthyroidism, rat, development, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The effects of transient and sustained hyperthyroidism on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) levels were studied in the heart atria of developing and adult rats. Newborn rats were divided into 5 groups. Neo-T animals were treated with thyroxine (T4) during postnatal days 1-8 and sacrificed at the age of 60 days. Neo-S rats were treated with T4 during postnatal days 1-60 and sacrificed one day later. Adult-1 and Adult-2 animals received T4 during days 52-60 and were sacrificed 5-6 days and 1 day later, respectively. Control animals were injected with saline. VIP-LI concentrations were determined in extracts from the left and right atria separately. In Neo-S and Adult-2 rats, spontaneous heart rate, the weight of both atria and total T4 serum levels were significantly enhanced, while their body weight was decreased. The ratio atria weight to body weight was significantly increased in all groups except for Adult-1 animals. Hyperthyroidism led to a significant decrease in VIP-LI levels in both atria of Neo-S and Neo-T rats. Hyperthyroidism induced in adult rats also decreased VIP-LI levels in both atria. However, this change was only transient. In conclusion, our data have provided new evidence that hyperthyroidism induced during the early neonatal period interferes with the development of VIP-ergic innervation in rat atria. The period of the first few postnatal days seems to be essential for this effect, since VIP-LI concentrations in 60-day-old animals did not significantly differ between Neo-S and Neo-T atria., J. Kuncová, J. Slavíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2279. Vasodilatory responses of renal interlobular arteries to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids analog are not enhanced in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats: evidence against a role of direct vascular effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in progression of experimental heart failure

Creator:
Sporková, A., Zuzana Husková, Petra Škaroupková, Rami Reddy, N., Falck, J. R., Sadowski, J., and Luděk Červenka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypertenze, hypertension, congestive heart failure, aorto-caval fistula, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of renal dysfunction and progression of congestive heart failure (CHF) remain poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed striking differences in the rol e of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), active products of cytochrome P-450-dependent epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid, in the progression of aorto-caval fistula (ACF)-induced CHF between hypertensive Ren-2 renin transgenic rats (TGR) and transgene-negative normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) controls. Both ACF TGR and ACF HanSD strains exhibited marked intrarenal EETs deficiency and impairment of renal function, and in both strains chronic pharmacologic inhibition of s oluble epoxide hydrola se (sEH) (which normally degrades EETs) normalized EETs levels. However, the treatment improved the survival rate and attenuated renal function impairment in ACF TGR only. Here we aimed to establish if the reported improved renal function and attenuation o f progression of CHF in ACF TGR observed after sEH blockade depends on increased vasodilatory responsiveness of renal resistance arteries to EETs. Therefore, we examined the responses of interlobar arteries from kidneys of ACF TGR and ACF HanSD rats to EET-A, a new stable 14,15-EET analog. We found that the arteries from ACF HanSD kidneys rats exhibited greater vasodilator responses when compared to the ACF TGR arteries. Hence, reduced renal vasodilatory responsiveness cannot be responsible for the lack of beneficial effects of chronic sEH inhibition on the development of renal dysfunction and progression of CHF in ACF HanSD rats., A. Sporková, Z. Husková, P. Škaroupková, N. Rami Reddy, J. R. Falck, J. Sadowski, L. Červenka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public