Six barley chlorophyll (Chl) mutants, viridis, flavoviridis, chlorina, xanhta, lutea, and albina, differed in the contents of Chl (a+b) and carotenoids (Cars). In accordance with their Chl-deficient phenotype, the Chl a and b and Car contents of mutants decreased from viridis to albina, only xantha had the same or even higher concentration of Cars as the wild type plant. The albina mutant completely lacked and xantha had a significantly reduced photosynthetic activity. We found quantitative differences in protein contents between wild type and mutant plants, with the lowest concentration per fresh mass in the albina mutant. Chl fluorescence analysis revealed that heat-treated barley leaves of both the wild type and Chl mutants had a lower photosystem 2 efficiency than the untreated ones. With 35S-methionine labelling and SDS-PAGE we found that six to nine de novo synthetized proteins appeared after heat shock (2 h, 42 °C) in the wild type and Chl mutants. In albina the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) was reduced to 50 % of that in the wild type. Hence mainly albina mutants, with a completely destroyed proteosynthetic apparatus of the chloroplasts, are able to synthesize a small set of HSPs. The albina mutant is a very useful tool for the study of different gene expression of chloroplast and nuclear DNA. and E. Gálová, B. Böhmová, A. Ševčovičová.
GPS permanent stations KRAW, KATO and ZYWI are part of so called Active Geodetic Network which covers entire area of Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in Poland and forms precise reference frame for geodetic and geodynamic applications. Moreover the above mentioned stations belong to EUREF Permanent Network. The stations, as datum points, play important role in precise positioning and geoid determination in area of USCB. The study of the stability of these points is one of the main components in precise monitoring of ground deformation in mining areas. The analysis of stability of permanent GPS stations KRAW, KATO and ZYWI are based on the coordinate time series obtained from the EUREF weekly solutions. The relative coordinate time series of weekly solutions for the vectors KRAW - KATO, KRAW - ZYWI , KATO - ZYWI are presented. The consistency, linearity, seasonal variations and jumps in the relative coordinate time series are discussed., Władysław Góral and Jacek Kudrys., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We investigate Solutions provided by the finite-context predictive model called neural prediction machine (NPM) built on the recurrent layer of two types of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). One type is the first-order Elman’s simple recurrent network (SRN) trained for the next symbol prediction by the technique of extended Kalman filter (EKF). The other type of RNN is an interesting unsupervised counterpart to the “claissical” SRN, that is a recurrent version of the Bienenstock, Cooper, Munro (BCM) network that performs a kind of time-conditional projection pursuit. As experimental data we chose a complex symbolic sequence with both long and short memory structures. We compared the Solutions achieved by both types of the RNNs with Markov models to find out whether training can improve initial Solutions reached by random network dynamics that can be interpreted as an iterated function system (IFS). The results of our simulations indicate that SRN trained by EKF achieves better next symbol prediction than its unsupervised counterpart. Recurrent BCM network can provide only the Markovian solution that is not able to cover long memory structures in sequence and thus beat SRN.
This paper presents some structural properties of a generalized Petri net (PN) with an algorithm to determine the (partial) conservativeness and (partial) consistency of the net. A product incidence matrix A=CCT or A~=CTC is defined and used to further improve the relations among PNs, linear inequalities and matrix analysis. Thus, based on Cramer's Rule, a new approach for the study of the solution of a linear system is given in terms of certain sub-determinants of the coefficient matrix and an efficient algorithm is proposed to compute these sub-determinants. The paper extends the common necessary and/or sufficient conditions for conservativeness and consistency in previous papers and some examples are designed to explain the conclusions finally.
Repeated geodetic observations were applied in mining location Louky near Karviná to detect surface changes from undermining in complex geo-mechanical conditions. Analyses of the subsidence magnitude and the length and direction of horizontal displacements showed that the subsidence trough was formed unevenly not only due to the position of the exploited local longwall panels and their different size but also showed a notable effect of the dominant tectonic fault. The significantly uneven development of the subsidence trough negatively affects line constructions. Terrain deformations of the road and stream pipeline were computed and classified into the building site categories according to the Czech standard ČSN 73 0039. The course of individual deformations in the monitored locality is influenced by a complex geo-mechanical situation. While the course of the subsidence curves is continuous at the observed pipeline and the classification of individual sections into building site categories corresponds with that, the road profile points out a more complex development of surface deformations. At the end of the observed period, 5 % of the profiles’ sections fell into category III (medium intensity), 49 % into category IV (moderate intensity) and 32 % stayed in category V (very moderate intensity of mining effects).
Using GNSS method, fixed points of an observation network were repeatedly surveyed on the surface of the undermined area. Below the surface, at the depth of c. 1 km, there were four mining panels exploited subsequently. The main reaction of the surface points to the changes in the rock massif and the movement of the points were different, according to their surface position, local geo-mechanical conditions etc. This paper analyses the time-dependence of the surface points mining subsidence and horizontal movements on the progress of the exploitation., Hana Doležalová, Vlastimil Kajzar, Kamil Souček and Lubomír Staš., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and precision of McMaster method with Raynaud's modification in the detection of the eggs of the nematodes Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) and Trichuris ovis (Abildgaard, 1795) in faeces of dogs. Four variants of McMaster method were used for counting: in one grid, two grids, the whole McMaster chamber and flotation in the tube. One hundred sixty samples were prepared from dog faeces (20 repetitions for each egg quantity) containing 15, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 eggs of T. canis and T. ovis in 1 g of faeces. To compare the influence of kind of faeces on the results, samples of dog faeces were enriched at the same levels with the eggs of another nematode, Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782. In addition, 160 samples of pig faeces were prepared and enriched only with A. suum eggs in the same way. The highest limit of detection (the lowest level of eggs that were detected in at least 50% of repetitions) in all McMaster chamber variants were obtained for T. canis eggs (25-250 eggs/g faeces). In the variant with flotation in the tube, the highest limit of detection was obtained for T. ovis eggs (100 eggs/g). The best results of the limit of detection, sensitivity and the lowest coefficients of variation were obtained with the use of the whole McMaster chamber variant. There was no significant impact of properties of faeces on the obtained results. Multiplication factors for the whole chamber were calculated on the basis of the transformed equation of the regression line, illustrating the relationship between the number of detected eggs and that of the eggs added to the sample. Multiplication factors calculated for T. canis and T. ovis eggs were higher than those expected using McMaster method with Raynaud modification.
A classification of possible models of the diamond grinding wheels destruction in the form of local breaking, shifting, and rotation of diamond grits, taking place independently, in sequence or in one time, has been presented. One has been stated, that destruction of the diamond wheels on the resin and metal bonds occurs generally as a result of local rotations of the diamond grits in the bond, the number of which amounts 50% of total number of grits, not participating in the process of cutting. and Uvádí se klasifikace možných modelů destrukce diamantových brusných kotoučů v podobě lokálního odlomení, posunu a rotace diamantových zrn, které se uplatňují nezávisle, postupně nebo současně. Je konstatováno, že destrukce diamantových kotoučů s organickou nebo kovovou vazbou se obecně vyskytuje jakožto výsledek lokálních rotací diamantových zrn ve vazbě, jejichž počet dosahuje 50 % celkového množství zrn neúčastnících se procesu řezání.
Based on the crystal structure and spectral properties of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from cyanobacteria, models for complexes with 2 and 3 C-PC hexamer disks were built and the energy transfer dynamic properties were studied by the use of stochastic computer simulation approach. In addition, an experimental parameter of 0.056 ps-1, corresponding to a time constant of 18 ps, derived from the previous time-resolved measurement, was used for simulation of the energy transfer process from the three terminal symmetrically equivalent β84 chromophores of the core-linked disk to an α84 chromophore of the allophycocyanin (APC) core. The simulation showed: (1) The disk-to-disk energy transfer can be as fast as several picoseconds. (2) The energy transfer efficiencies from the first disk to the core would depend on the length of the rod (i.e. the number of disks). Efficiencies of 0.95, 0.87, and 0.75 were found for the rods with 1, 2 and 3 hexamer disks, respectively. (3) The energy transfer along a rod in a native phycobilisome (PBS) is probably very close to the one-way manner. It is the core of PBS that makes the excitation energy be transferred fast in a nearly one-way manner. and Jie Xie, Jing-quan Zhao, Chenghang Peng.
We have investigated the time profiles of flare heating function for selected flares based on the analysis of their evolutionary paths in the Emission Measure - Temperature diagrams. The emission measures and the temperatures werederived from the Ca XIX soft X-ray spectra observed by the Bent Crystal Spectrometer aboard the Solar Maximum Mission satellite. Interpretation of these diagrams allows to study the rate of energy deposition during both rise and decay phase of flares. The investigation of (EM-T) diagrams during
the decay phase allows furthermore for determination of effective length/cross-sectional area ratio of the flaring loop. We háve used the value of this ratio to derive the effective loop cross-sectional radius and the plasma density from deconvolved Fiat Crystal Spectrometer soft X-ray images.