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842. Filosofický časopis
- Type:
- model:periodicalitem and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech, English, and Slovak
- Description:
- 1
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
843. Filosofický časopis
- Type:
- model:periodicalitem and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech, English, and Slovak
- Description:
- 3
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
844. Filosofický časopis
- Creator:
- Dostálová, Ludmila, Schuster, Radek, and Filozofický ústav (Akademie věd ČR)
- Publisher:
- Filosofia
- Format:
- 172 s. : il.
- Type:
- issue, special, sborníky, model:periodicalitem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951, 20. stol, filozofové, rakouská filozofie, and západní filozofie
- Language:
- Czech, English, and Slovak
- Description:
- Mimořádné číslo 2 (2010/8), Studie k filosofii Ludwiga Wittgensteina, Studie k filosofii L. Wittgensteina, sestaveno z příspěvků ze semináře katedry filozofie Fakulty filozofické Západočeské univerzity v Plzni, Ludmila Dostálová a Radek Schuster (eds.)., and Obsahuje bibliografie a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
845. Filosofie jazyka jako autoreferenční terapie paradoxu
- Creator:
- Schuster, Radek
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Friedrich Waismann, logical analysis, paradox, philosophical grammar, and self-reference
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Self-reference as a common characteristic of paradoxes is usually regarded as a trouble-inducing principle which should be eliminated. Contrary to such view this paper aims to vindicate self-reference and declare its fundamental importance for our language. In the first part, self-referential contradictions (Liar, Burali-Forti, Russell, Richard etc.) are presented and their division to logical ones and epistemological ones introduced by Ramsey is contested. In the second part, Waismann’s therapeutic conception of philosophy, focused on clarifying grammar of language and at the same time emphasizing freedom and vision as the essence of philosophy, is expounded as an example of the semantic ascent that enables to treat not just self-referential paradoxes but philosophical problems in general as problems of language. In the final part, the solving paradoxes as matter of language in language itself is investigated and two main theses are put forward: 1) Self-reference is the key to solution of paradoxes; 2) Self-reference is to be considered as the essence of language in the widest sense., Vlastní reference jako společná charakteristika paradoxů je obvykle považována za princip vyvolávající potíže, který by měl být odstraněn. Na rozdíl od tohoto názoru se tento dokument snaží obhájit sebevědomí a deklarovat jeho zásadní význam pro náš jazyk. V první části jsou prezentovány sebekonferenční rozpory (Liar, Burali-Forti, Russell, Richard atd.) A jejich rozdělení na logické a epistemologické, které představil Ramsey. Ve druhé části je Waismannova terapeutická koncepce filosofie, zaměřená na objasnění gramatiky jazyka a zároveň zdůraznění svobody a vize jako podstaty filozofie, vysvětlena jako příklad sémantického výstupu, který umožňuje léčit nejen sebe-referenční paradoxy, ale filosofické problémy obecně jako problémy jazyka. V závěrečné části, řeší se paradoxy řeči jako jazyk jazyka samotného a předkládají se dvě hlavní teze: 1) Sebeovládání je klíčem k řešení paradoxů; 2) Sebeovládání se považuje za podstatu jazyka v nejširším smyslu., and Radek Schuster
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
846. Filozofické otázky soudobé vědy se zaměřením na Prigoginovu termodynamiku a synergetiku: materiály ze symposia
- Creator:
- Jiřina Stachová, Jiří Zeman, Stálý seminář ČSAV k filozoficko-metodologickým otázkám přírodních věd, and Filozofické otázky soudobé vědy se zaměřením na Prigoginovu termodynamiku a synergetiku. Interdisciplinární sympozium (2. a 3. května 1984 : vila Lanna, Praha, Česko)
- Publisher:
- Ústav pro filozofii a sociologii ČSAV
- Format:
- print and 156 s.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Prigogine, Ilya, 1917-2003, filozofie vědy, termodynamika, synergetika, 001.11, 536.7, 001.12-021.364, (062.534), 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech and Slovak
- Description:
- 1. díl and redakce J. Stachová, J. Zeman.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
847. Financial development and allocation of external finance
- Creator:
- Bena, Jan, Ondko, Peter, Univerzita Karlova. Centrum pro ekonomický výzkum a doktorské studium, and Národohospodářský ústav (Akademie věd ČR)
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- electronic and 49 s.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Finance, finance, ekonomický růst, matematické modelování, 336, 330.35, 519.673, (048.8), 4, and 336.7
- Language:
- English and Slovak
- Description:
- Jan Bena, Peter Ondko. and born digital
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
848. Finding behavioral parameterization for a 1-D water balance model by multi-criteria evaluation
- Creator:
- Casper, Markus C., Mohajerani, Hadis , Hassler, Sibylle , Herdel, Tobias , and Blume, Theresa
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- forest evapotranspiration, water balance simulation, soil parameterization, and behavioral model
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Evapotranspiration is often estimated by numerical simulation. However, to produce accurate simulations, these models usually require on-site measurements for parameterization or calibration. We have to make sure that the model realistically reproduces both, the temporal patterns of soil moisture and evapotranspiration. In this study, we combine three sources of information: (i) measurements of sap velocities; (ii) soil moisture; and (iii) expert knowledge on local runoff generation and water balance to define constraints for a “behavioral” forest stand water balance model. Aiming for a behavioral model, we adjusted soil moisture at saturation, bulk resistance parameters and the parameters of the water retention curve (WRC). We found that the shape of the WRC influences substantially the behavior of the simulation model. Here, only one model realization could be referred to as “behavioral”. All other realizations failed for a least one of our evaluation criteria: Not only transpiration and soil moisture are simulated consistently with our observations, but also total water balance and runoff generation processes. The introduction of a multi-criteria evaluation scheme for the detection of unrealistic outputs made it possible to identify a well performing parameter set. Our findings indicate that measurement of different fluxes and state variables instead of just one and expert knowledge concerning runoff generation facilitate the parameterization of a hydrological model.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
849. Fitchův paradox poznatelnosti a rozvětvená teorie typů
- Creator:
- Raclavský, Jiří
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fitch’s knowability paradox, ramified theory of types, typing knowledge, Vicious Circle Principle, Fitchův paradox paradigmatu, rozvětvená teorie typů, znalost psaní, and princip Vicious Circle
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- It is already known that Fitch’s knowability paradox can be solved by typing knowledge within ramified theory of types. One of the aims of this paper is to provide a greater defence of the approach against recently raised criticism. My second goal is to make a sufficient support for an assumption which is needed for this particular application of typing knowledge but which is not inherent to ramified theory of types as such., Je již známo, že Fitchův paradox paradigmatu může být vyřešen typizací znalostí v rámci rozvětvené teorie typů. Jedním z cílů této práce je poskytnout větší ochranu přístupu proti nedávno vznesené kritice. Mým druhým cílem je poskytnout dostatečnou podporu předpokladu, který je pro tuto konkrétní aplikaci typického poznání potřebný, ale který není spojen s rozvětvenou teorií typů jako takovou., and Jiří Raclavský
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
850. Flattening the curve of moral imagination
- Creator:
- Beran, Ondřej
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- COVID-19 crisis, economic concerns, moral dilemmas, moral luck, and remorse
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In this paper, I discuss some moral dilemmas related to the COVID-19 crisis and their framing (mainly) in the public debate. The key assumption to engage with is this: that we need primarily to take into account the long-term economic consequences of the proposed safety measures of social distancing. I argue that the long-term economic concerns, though legitimate, cannot suspend the irreducibly moral nature of the demand placed on the decision-makers by those who are vulnerable, at risk, or in need of medical treatment. This is discussed in relation to two points: 1) The political endeavour and rhetoric of “flattening the curve” is not necessarily short-sighted but expresses the acknowledgment of a legitimate expectation placed on elected representatives. 2) Not being able to prevent harm (to those who are in real need, or otherwise vulnerable) may lead to genuine moral distress, even if it is not clear whether it was in one’s, or anybody’s, powers to prevent the situation, or even if the best possible outcome has been otherwise reached. The second point may be understood as a part of the broader context of the established criticisms of utilitarianism.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public