Pigeon, doves and songbirds are hosts of the parasite Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta, 1878), which causes avian trichomonosis. Raptors are infected when they digest infected prey. A high percentage of the diet of Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus) is comprised of birds. During the breeding season 2012 and 2013, we clinically tested 298 nestling Eurasian sparrowhawks from urban and rural areas of the Czech Republic for the presence of trichomonads. Sparrowhawk nestlings in the urban area were more infected (32.9%) than in the rural area (12.2%) in 2012 (χ2 = 6.184, P = 0.045). The number of infected nestlings dropped in the urban area (5.4%) and remained similar in the rural area (16.6%) in 2013. Sequences of ITS region and SSU rDNA confirmed that the isolates from infected sparrowhawk nestlings belonged to Trichomonas gallinae., Tomáš Kunca, Pavla Smejkalová, Ivan Čepička., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Článek stručně shrnuje základní adaptace xerotermních rostlin. K těm patří i povrchové struktury vzniklé z epidermis. Blíže je v textu pojednáno o krycích chlupech (trichomech), jejich funkci a morfologii. Článek doplňuji fotografie různých typů těchto trichomů., This article briefly summarises essential adaptations of xerothermic species. These include epidermal structures covering plant surface. The plant hairs (trichomes), their function and morphology are described in detail. The text is supplemented with photos of some trichome types., and Hana Mašková.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumour of soft tissues, occurring mainly in children and young adults. RMS cells derive from muscle cells, which due to mutations and epigenetic
modifications have lost their ability to differentiate. Epigenetic modifications regulate expression of genes responsible for cell proliferation, maturation, differentiation and apoptosis. HDAC inhibitors suppress histone acetylation; therefore, they are a promising tool used in cancer therapy. Trichostatin A (TsA) is a
pan-inhibitor of HDAC. In our study, we investigated the effect of TsA on RMS cell biology. Our findings strongly suggest that TsA inhibits RMS cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis, and reactivates tumour cell differentiation. TsA up-regulates miR-27b expression, which is involved in the process of myogenesis. Moreover, TsA increases susceptibility of RMS cells to routinely used chemotherapeutics. In conclusion, TsA exhibits anti-cancer properties, triggers differentiation, and thereby can complement an existing spectrum of chemotherapeutics used in RMS therapy. and Corresponding author: Maciej Tarnowski
The protein pattern of Trichuris chilensis obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfatc-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was analyzed. Complex protein band patterns covering a wide range of molecular weights were obtained. The molecular weights of the major proteins present in different tissue homogenatcs were estimated. Antisera raised in rabbits against homogenates of T. chilensis and sera from naturally infected Ctenomys australis were used in Western blotting, Immunoelectrophoresis and passive hemagglutination to compare the antigenicity of the adult male, adult female, eggs, oocytes, stichosome and cuticle of this parasite. Specific antibodies to parasite antigens were also detected in faecal preparations and caecum mucosal extracts of C. australis naturally infected with T, chilensis.
Experimental infection of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) with the monogenean Discocotyle sagittata (Leuckart, 1842) allowed comparison between trickle and single exposure, two infection modes demonstrated to occur in the wild. Both types of infection resulted in mean larval attachment success around 50%, which was significantly dependent on dose of infective larvae used (P < 0.0001), but was not affected by mode of infection (P = 0.244). Worms recovered from fish exposed to the same number of oncomiracidia but different mode of infection differed in their rate of development. The developmental stage attained by parasites was significantly affected by number of infective larvae used (P = 0.005), and by the interaction between dose and mode of infection (P = 0.026), suggesting competition among attached larvae. Statistical analysis demonstrated that in the early stages of infestation, worm distribution over the gill arches can be explained by the relative amount of water flowing over them. One, two and three months post-infection parasite numbers were comparable (P = 0.805), but their observed distribution gradually decreased in gill arches III and IV and increased in gill arch I, suggesting that parasites migrate after initial attachment. These results reproduce phenomena observed in the field, indicating that the experimental infection system could be employed to study infection dynamics and host-parasite interactions under controlled conditions.
It is argued that the terms class, property, concept are exactly distinguishable and that defining this distinction helps to avoiding frequently occurring misunderstandings. Classes are extensions, properties are intensions and concepts are abstract procedures, i.e., hyperintensions. Realizing these distinctions we fulfill Gödel´s requirement to make the meaning of the terms ''class'' and ''concept'' clearer and to set up a consistent theory of classes and concepts as objectively existing entities. and Pavel Materna
The paper deals with the changes of meaning of gender relations in the Czech working-class and the forming socialist movement during the period from 1870 to 1914. It focuses on the relationship between the struggle for recognition, i. e. on the critical articulations of a misrecognition as well as on the imagination of ideal social order, and the constitution of mass socialist party. The attention is paid to the roles, which men (or/and masculinity) and women (and/or feminity) should have held. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou