Článek připomíná, že časopis "Zdravotnictví v České republice" vychází letos desátým rokem. Je to málo ve srovnání s časopisy, které vycházejí přes sto let. Na druhé straně už tento časopis přežil mnohé jiné, které se první dekády nedočkaly. I hodnota jubilejí je relativní. Záleží na tom, z které strany se na jubileum díváme. Časopis vznikl z potřeb doby po roce 1989. Základním úkolem těch let bylo proměnit nepružnou strukturu zdravotnictví a vytvořit podmínky pro vyšší kvalitu a hospodárnost zdravotnických služeb (vč. zvýšení společenské prestiže zdravotníků), neboť : před komunistickým pučem 1948 měla ČR střední délku života na úrovni 12. země ve světě, v roce 1989 na úrovni 27 země, v roce 1948 zde bylo účinné zdravotnictví veřejné i soukromé, v roce 1989 jen nepružné centralizované státní zdravotnictví. Většina zdravotníků chtěla dosáhnout nových cílů co nejdříve a první vláda ČR po roce 1989 rozhodla zavést novou soustavu od 1.1.1992, tedy po dvou letech příprav. I vlády po roce 1948 byly opatrnější - proměnily zdravotnictví na "socialistické" řadou zákonů z let 1952 až 1966. Dalších 23 let do roku 1989 tuto soustavu fixovalo ve vědomí lidí jako "jedinou" možnou. Rychlý růst zvyšování příjmů zdravotníků a moderní přístrojové vybavenosti po roce 1990 předstihl možnosti financování už v letech 1991 a 1992. Národní hospodářství muselo nejdříve proměnit svou strukturu (omezit zbrojní výrobu, likvidovat mnohaleté neprodejné zásoby výrobků, založit nové výroby i obory). Tím došlo objektivně ke snížení tvorby HDP, ale už v roce 1992 došlo k "odražení od dna" a tvorba HDP začala rychle stoupat. V roce 1993 mohla nová vláda už zvýšit zdroje pro zdravotnictví meziročně o 53%. Ačkoliv výdaje na zdravotnictví se dostaly podílem na HDP už kolem roku 1995 zhruba na 10.místo mezi zeměmi, zdroje brzy začaly zaostávat za úrovní, kterou by vyžadovaly probuzené představy o růstu (růst očekávání byl rychlejší, než růst skutečně vytvářených zdrojů). Kolem roku 1995 vznikla intenzivní potřeba časopisu, který by na základě objektivních propočtů a konkretizovaných námětů vysvětloval žádoucí, ale i reálné možnosti zdravotnictví v ČR. Článek ukazuje hlavní problémy doby a hlavní úkoly, které se časopis snažil řešit během prvních deseti let. Všechno ve světě je relativní. S odstupem deseti let činnosti časopisu je však snad možné konstatovat, že přispíval k vysvětlování reálných možností rozvoje a snižoval nespokojenost, kterou podporuje informování o negativech vývoje, když toto informování není vedeno snahou o objektivnost, ale touhou po "senzačností" sdělení., The article reminds the tenth year of publishing of the journal "Zdravotnictví v České republice" ("Health Services in the Czech Republic", see www.zcr.cz) in this year.The journal originated from the needs of the time after 1989.The fundamental target of those years was changing the rigid structures of health services and to create conditions for higher qualities and economy of medical services (incl. increasing social prestige of employees in health services), because: Before the communist coup of 1948, Czechoslovakia had life expectancy (LE) on the level of 12th country, in 1989 of 27th country in the world; In 1948, there was an effective public and private health care in Czechoslovakia, in the year 1989 only inelastic centralized state health services. Most employees in health services wanted to achieve new targets as soon as possible and the first Czech government after 1989 decided to impose the new system already from 01. 01. 1992. After 1990, salaries in the health services and investments into medical technologies went up rapidly and the costs exceeded possibilities of financing already in years 1991-1992. In the next year (1993), thanks to an increase of VAT the new government was able to raise sources for health services about 53% in comparison with 1992. Around 1995, an idea emerged to establish a journal, which would comment upon desirable and at the same time realistic possibilities of health services in the Czech Republic, based on objective calculation and concrete topics.This article shows the main problems of the era, and the tasks self-imposed by the journal in the first ten years of its existence., and Zdeněk Papeš
Blood monocytes (BMs) from 139 subjects (70 malignant melanoma patients, 31 breast cancer patients, 38 healthy controls) were cultured for at least 7 days. The formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), which was checked during the whole time of culture, was observed in all cases. By the seventh day MGCs represented 25-50 % and during the second and third month more than 90% of all cells. Lymphokines and/or concanavalin A stimulation (16-34 cases respectively) of BMs was performed as well. This stimulation greatly accelerated MGC formation. There were no differences either in spontaneous or in stimulated fusion between the different groups compared.
Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of state and output transformations, that bring single-input single-output nonlinear state equations into the observer form. The conditions are formulated in terms of differential one-forms, associated with an input-output equation of the system. An algorithm for transformation of the state equations into the observer form is presented and illustrated by an example.
We show how we can transform the H∞ and H2 control problems of descriptor systems with invariant zeros on the extended imaginary into problems with state-space systems without such zeros. Then we present necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of solutions of the original problems. Numerical algorithm for H∞ control is given, based on the Nevanlinna-Pick theorem. Also, we present an explicit formula for the optimal H2 controller.
The paper describes the general form of an ordinary differential equation of an order $n+1$ $(n\ge 1)$ which allows a nontrivial global transformation consisting of the change of the independent variable and of a nonvanishing factor. A result given by J. Aczél is generalized. A functional equation of the form \[ f\biggl (s, w_{00}v_0, \ldots , \sum _{j=0}^n w_{n j}v_j\biggr )=\sum _{j=0}^n w_{n+1 j}v_j + w_{n+1 n+1}f(x,v, v_1, \ldots , v_n), \] where $w_{n+1 0}=h(s, x, x_1, u, u_1, \ldots , u_n)$, $ w_{n+1 1}=g(s, x, x_1, \ldots , x_n, u, u_1, \ldots , u_n)$ and $w_{i j}=a_{i j}(x_1, \ldots , x_{i-j+1}, u, u_1, \ldots , u_{i-j})$ for the given functions $a_{i j}$ is solved on $\mathbb R$, $ u\ne 0.$.
We suggest a nonparametric version of the probability weighted empirical characteristic function (PWECF) introduced by Meintanis {et al.} \cite{meiswaall2014} and use this PWECF in order to estimate the parameters of arbitrary transformations to symmetry. The almost sure consistency of the resulting estimators is shown. Finite-sample results for i.i.d. data are presented and are subsequently extended to the regression setting. A real data illustration is also included.
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/NIH strain) harbor a deletion variant in the Cd36 fatty acid transporter and display defective fatty acid metabolism, insulin resistance and hypertension. Transgenic rescue of Cd36 in SHR ameliorates insulin resistance and improves dyslipidemia. However, the role of Cd36 in blood pressure regulation remains controversial due to inconsistent blood pressure effects that were observed with transgenic expression of Cd36 on the SHR background. In the current studies, we developed two new SHR transgenic lines, which express wild type Cd36 under the control of the universal Ef-1 promoter, and examined the effects of transgenic expression of wild type Cd36 on selected metabolic and cardiovascular phenotypes. Transgenic expression of Cd36 in the new lines was associated with significantly decreased serum fatty acids, amelioration of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance but failed to induce any consistent changes in blood pressure as measured by radiotelemetry. The current findings confirm the genetic association of defective Cd36 with disordered insulin action and fatty acid metabolism in the SHR/NIH strain and suggest that Cd36 is linked to other gene(s) on rat chromosome 4 that regulate blood pressure., M. Pravenec, V. Landa, V. Zídek, A. Musilová, L. Kazdová, N. Qi, J. Wang, E. St.Lezin, T. W. Kurtz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the major enzyme responsible for retinol esterification in the mammalian body. LRAT exhibits specific activity in the cells with active retinol metabolism where it converts retinols into retinyl esters, which represents the major storage form of retinol. Besides hepatic stellate cells in the liver, LRAT appears to have a key physiologic role in several other tissues. In this study, we generated a transgenic reporter mouse expressing green fluorescence protein (EGFP) under the control of region containing -1166 bps from promoter upstream from the putative transcriptional start site and 262 bps downstream of this start. Transgenic reporter mice exhibited specific expression in eyes and testes. In eyes, expression of EGFP-reporter is found in lens and lens epithelium and fibers from embryo to adulthood. In testes, LRAT-EGFP reporter is expressed both in Sertoli and in spermatocytes marking initiation of spermatogenesis in prepubertal mice. Our data show that the examined LRAT regulatory region is sufficient to achieve strong and selective expression in the eye and testes but not in liver and other organs., D. Prukova, Z. Ileninova, B. Antosova, P. Kasparek, M. Gregor, R. Sedlacek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
BACKGROUND: Intussusception of the large bowel in adults is a very rare pathological condition. However, it has its clinical importance because intussusception is very often associated with an intraluminal lesion. CASE REPORT: We report two cases of the large bowel intussusception, ileocolic and colorectal. Both intussusceptions were associated with a malignant tumor. However, the clinical presentation was different. One of the intussusceptions was of non-transient character, while the second one resolved spontaneously before operation. Both patients underwent surgery and malignant tumors were found and removed. RESULTS: The purpose of the article is to draw attention to intussusception and emphasize that intussusception, either transient or non-transient, should be further examined. CONCLUSIONS: The intussusception may be the first and the only signal of the existence of a malignant tumor, very often colorectal carcinoma. and R. Vobořil, J. Fanta, P. Bačkovský, D. Ehrenberger, J. Vobořilová
The aim of the paper is to present transient calculations of an elastohydrodynamically lubricated (EHL) point contact. The paper focuses on the description of the numerical algorithm used to model non-smooth contacts with surface feature on one of the contacting bodies. Results of film thickness and pressure distributions of a selected surface feaure are presented. Simulations were performed and compared for two different rheology approaches (Newtonian, resp. non-Newtonian). and Obsahuje seznam literatury