A new method to detect damages on crates of beverages is investigated. It is based on a pattern-recognition-system by an artificial neural network (ANN) with a feedforward multilayer-perceptron topology. The sorting criterion is obtained by mechanical vibration analysis which provides characteristic frequency spectra for all possible damage cases and crate models. To support the network training, a large number of numerical data-sets is calculated by the finite-elementmethod (FEM). The combination of artificial neural networks with methods of numerical simulation is a powerful instrument to cover the broad range of possible damages. First results are discussed with respect to the influence of modelling inaccuracies of the finite-element-model and the support of the ANN by training-data obtained from numerical simulation. Also the feasibility of neuro-numerical ANN training will be dwelled on.
Classical Russian pendulum seismometer S-5-S was modified for recording of the rotational components of ground motion around the vertical or horizontal axes; the modified sensor is denoted here as S-5-SR. Experimental field testing of the S-5-SR sensor started in December 2010 in the Karvina coal region that is known as an area of intensive mining induced seismicity. First seismic station was installed in Doubrava village characterized by thick sedimentary layers. Next seismic station was installed in Orlova village, in different local geological conditions, i.e. in region without sedimentary layers. More than 200 mining induced seismic events were recorded on each seismic station during the period of six months of seismic monitoring. The recorded wave patterns confirm the existence of rotational ground motion components in this region; the strongest recorded value of this component exceeded 1 mrad.s-1. Analysis of the obtained records is presented in this paper., Zdeněk Kaláb, Jaromír Knejzlík and Markéta Lednická., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The paper presents the preliminary results of the analysis of two archival SAR datasets acquired by ERS-1/2 satellites of the same area of Roznow Lake in Southern Poland. Both datasets cover the same period of 8 years (1992 - 2000) and refers to the same area by the 50% of overlap between the neighbouring satellite tracks. The main purpose of this analysis was to derive the overlapping data about deformation velocity calculated using PSI (Persistent Scatterers Interferometry). The presented PSI results refer to PS (Persistent Scatterers) located on active landslides and therefore representing landslide movement. In Polish Carpathians, due to sparse urbanization, vegetation and rough relief the obtained PS density is usually not very high and generally difficult to interpret. The application of two overlapping datasets, where both of them observe the same phenomena, allow to cross-validate the data by identification of common PS points. For two datasets acquired from different tracks, usually many PS are not common and occur at different locations. Such situation could be explained by the difference between the incidence angles for both acquisitions. In a case of two tracks and therefore different terrain objects might act as PS. By joining the PS point sets from such neighbouring tracks the density of PS could be significantly increased. In order to perform a PSI analysis of Roznow Lake the data acquired from 179 and 408 tracks have been used and a few hundred of PS were obtained from PSI processing. For both tracks similar deformations velocity were obtained within a range of +/- 6 mm/yr. The PS points on active landslides are usually related to the buildings (walls, roofs) and roads affected usually by high risk., Zbigniew Perski, Andrzej Borkowski, Tomasz Wojciechowski and Antoni Wójcik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Ever since proteomics was proven to be capable of characterizing a large number of differences in both protein quality and quantity, it has been applied in various areas of biomedicine, ranging from the deciphering molecular pathogenesis of diseases to the characterization of novel drug targets and the discovery of potential diagnostic biomarkers. Indeed, the biomarker discovery in human plasma is clearly one of the areas with enormous potential. However, without proper planning and implementation of specific techniques, the efforts and expectations may very easily be hampered. Numerous earlier projects aimed at clinical proteomics, characterized by exaggerated enthusiasm, often underestimated some principal obstacles of plasma biomarker discovery. Consequently, ambiguous and insignificant results soon led to a more critical view in this field. In this article, we critically review the current state of proteomic approaches for biomarker discovery and validation, in order to provide basic information and guidelines for both clinicians and researchers. These need to be closely considered prior to initiation of a project aimed at plasma biomarker discovery. We also present a short overview of recent applications of clinical proteomics in biomarker discovery., V. Tambor ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
This paper presents the results of geophysical survey performed in the Pilawa River valley in the area of Middle Pomerania (Poland). The resistivity imaging method was applied. Resistivity profile measuring eight hundred metres allowed to investigate the geologic structure to the depth of 150 metres. The resistivity cross section shows the structure of Pleistocene sediments and the depth of Miocene - Pleistocene boundary. The significant lowering of the boundary is related to assumable ice-sheet margin range of Pomeranian phase of North Polish Glaciation. The lowering of the boundary may be a result of sediments compaction and the subglacial tunnel slope as well., Bogdan Żogała, Ryszard Dubiel, Józef Lewandowski, Waclaw M. Zuberek and Grzegorz Gąska., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Depletion of exploited mineral ore resources and their constant price increase have contributed to active interest in recognition and exploitation of new workable deposits. Exploration work which has been carried out in the vicinity of non-exploited ore areas such as Klucze, Zawiercie and Laski results in confirmation of Zn-Pb commercial deposits. In this region Zn-Pb ores occur in the Devonian and Triassic carbonate formation at a depth of 70 - 80 metres under the surface. Geological recognition is based on the analysis of data taken from bore-holes. To determine the mode of the ores occurrence and service conditions, it is necessity to work out a spatial image of overburden structure. For this reason resistivity measurements with highly distributed LUND Imaging System were introduced in the area of Zawiercie I. The studies were carried out according to three measuring protocols: Schlumberger, Wenner and dipole-dipole. The measurements were performed along three parallel six-hundred-metre profiles. The resistivity cross sections were elaborated using Res2D software. The results of the geophysical research were correlated with the data taken from bore-holes in order to testing the efficiency of applied geoelectrical methods. The study showed a significant diversification of geoelectric characteristics of the rockmass and thus it allowed to recognise accurately the overburden structure of the deposit and to locate precisely zones of faulting. In future, the applied geoelectrical methods are certainly to be used for localization ore bodies at a considarable depth range., Krzysztof Jochymczyk, Jerzy Cabala and Artur Poreba., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The rock units of the NW Himalayan region are fragile, heavily fractured and highly deformed due to active tectonics and complex geological setup. Fast urbanization, road constructions along hill slopes and other infrastructural development activities also increased the slopes instability problems. The present study emphasizes the application of rock mass classification to estimate the rock mass properties along the Yadgar section Muzaffarabad, NW Himalayas, Pakistan. For this purpose, Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) were used to characterize and classify the rock masses. In the present study, twenty-five sites have been investigated to evaluate rock properties along the Muzaffarabad-Neelum road, Sub-Himalayas, Pakistan. Result of the study shows that the Abbottabad Formation of Cambrian age is vulnerable in the Yadgar section with extremely poor RQD (Rock Quality Designation), lowest UCS (Unconfined Compression Strength) values and closely spaced discontinuities. and RMR values of the Abbottabad Formation ranges from 40-54 and classified as Poor to Fair having low GSI (20±3-35±3), blocky, disintegrated structure. The Paleocene Hangu Formation has lowest GSI (28±3-29±3; Blocky, Disturbed/ Seamy in nature) having RMR (40-45) and Eocene Kuldana Formation has GSI (30±3-45±3; Blocky) having RMR (34-67), are categorized as heavily broken, disintegrated and poorly interlocked rock masses. RMR values of rock units of the Paleocene Lockhart Formation (52-60), the Miocene Murree Formation (38-63), and the Eocene Margala Hill Limestone (38-61) are relatively higher values having GSI values ranges from (35±3-45±3; 35±3-50±3; 30±3-40±3) res)ectively. RMR and GSI values in Yadgar section, ranges between 34-67 and 20±3-50±3 respectively. Analysis shows positive correlation between GSI and RMR values. This approach to evaluate the rock mass classification through RMR and GSI will give the better estimation of rock mass properties along Muzaffarabad-Neelum road to identify the vulnerable slopes and design effective geotechnical measures.
Secondary deformations are ground movements occurring in areas of ceased underground mining. These are associated with delayed readjustment of rock mass resulting in subsidence, discontinuous deformations (sinks, cracks, etc.) due to destruction of underground, usually shallow, workings, and elevation of ground surface in response of rock mass to rising groundwater levels following the end of mine water drainage. Comparative analysis of secondary deformations in two former mining areas in the first period after cessation of underground hard coal mining is the subject of this study. We used ERS-1/2 and Envisat satellite radar interferometry data processed with PSInSAR technique and GIS to map vertical (in satellite’s line of sight, LOS) movements of the surface and analyse them in relation to location of coal fields and underground water table rise. In the study, two areas have been compared, the Ostrava city in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin and the Wałbrzych Coal Basin in Poland. The results of analyses based on the results of PSInSAR processing between 1995 and 2000 for the Wałbrzych site indicate uplift (up to +12 mm/year) in closed parts of coal fields and subsidence (up to -8 mm/year) in areas of declining mining. Results of PSInSAR analysis over the Ostrava site indicate decaying subsidence after mine closures in the rate of up to -6 mm/year during 1995-2000. Residual subsidence and gentle uplift have been partly identified at surroundings of closed mines in Ostrava from 2003-2010 Envisat data. In Wałbrzych gentle elevation has been determined from 2002 to 2009 in areas previously subsiding. and Blachowski Jan, Jiránková Eva, Lazecký Milan, Kadlečík Pavel, Milczarek Wojciech.
This research evaluates the potential benefits of the tightly combined processing of a global navigation satellite system together with the additional ranging observations from a satellite based augmentation system. In specific, the experiment presents performance of precise instantaneous single-frequency positioning based on European Galileo and EGNOS navigation systems. Due to currently low number of Galileo satellites, the test observational data were obtained with hardware GNSS signal simulator. All calculations were performed with in-house developed software - GINPOS. The results show that it is possible to obtain improvement in the accuracy and reliability of single-frequency precise positioning when including observations from SBAS systems. However, one must take in to account that at middle latitudes EGNOS satellites are observed at low elevations what results in higher atmospheric errors affecting its signals., Jacek Paziewski, Paweł Wielgosz and Marta Krukowksa., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Oil derivatives contamination of soils effects in changes of many physical properties of soil su ch as: electrical resistivity, conductivity and self potential (SP) as well. Thus the measurable a nomalies of these properties are possible to detect with geoelectrical measurements. SP geoelectrical measurements were carried out in the area of controlled oil spill. The oil was spilled into vadose zone of dry sands. The first underground water level was observed at the depth of 10 m. The measurements were carried out along 20 m long profile situated above 3 m long contaminated zone. The part of contaminated zone (1.5 m) had been subjected to bioremediation process with yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica since 4 months. In the border of contaminated zone and biodegradate done chemical gradient was developed and significant in crease of self potentials values can be observed. The measurements were carried out with potential gradient method. L und Imaging System equipment and non-polarizable electrodes (Cu/CuSO 4 ) were applied. Above contaminated and biodegraded zone distinct SP anomaly (10-20 mV) was measured. The anomaly correlates with results of EM, resistivity imaging and induced polarization investigations., Bogdan Żogała, Maciej J. Mendecki, Wacław M. Zuberek and Małgorzata Robak., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy