Chimaerula bonai sp. n. is described from the small Intestine of Phimosus infuscatus (Lichtenstein) in Paraguay. The new species differs from the other two species of Chimaerula Bona, 1994, i.e., Chimaerula woodlandi (Prudhoe, 1960) and Chimaerula leonovi (Belogurov et Zueva, 1968), mainly by the intermediate number of rostellar hooks (30-34 compared to 42-46 in the former and 20-22 in the latter), longer rostellar hooks (31-34 pm versus 26 pm and 19-21 pm, respectively), shorter cirrus sac (58-82 pm versus 158-201 pm and 134-183 pm, respectively) and the absence of rosethorn spines in the cirrus armament. Modifications in the generic diagnosis of Chimaerula are proposed in order to conform it with some peculiarities of the new species (i.e., the relatively small and thin cirrus, the absence of rosethom spines in its armament and the small cirrus sac).
The resting membrane potential (Vm) of isolated somatic longitudinal muscles of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris was studied by glass microelectrodes. The inhibition of chloride permeability by low pH did not affect Vm of the muscle fibers in isolated somatic longitudinal muscles of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris which was -48.7 mV (inside negative) at pH 7.3 and -49.1 at pH 5.6. On the other hand, bathing the muscles in Cl- and Na+-free solutions, or application of the chloride transporter inhibitor furosemide and Na+-K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain depolarized the Vm by 3-5 mV. The effects of a Cl- -free solution and ouabain were not additive. This demonstrates relatively small contribution of equilibrium potential for Cl- to the resting membrane potential and electrogenic effect of Na+K+-ATPase which is dependent on the supply of Na+i ions by furosemide-sensitive and Cl-e- and Na+e-dependent electroneutral transport (most probably Na+K+Cl- cotransport)., E. M. Volkov, L. F. Nurullin, E. Nikolsky, J. Krůšek, F. Vyskočil., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Plasticity models, included in the most popular commercial FEM software, are not able to describe well such cyclic plasticity effects as multiaxial ratcheting or cyclic hardening caused by nonproportional loading. For example in the case of stainless steels it is necessary to use a robust cyclic plasticity model. This paper shows some iinteresting results from FE simulations of stress-strain behaviour of stainless steel 316L using new cyclic plasticity model with superposition of the kinematic hardening rule of AbdelKarim and Ohno [11] and the isotropic hardening rule of Calloch and Marquis [14]. On the basis of performed simulations, a fatigue study has been performed which shows the influence of material option in a FE computation on accuracy of life prediction. The conclusion presents recommendations for the calibration of cyclic plasticity models of Chaboche type. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article shows that the traditional institutional mandatory approach to family and succession law in recent years there have been developments towards the admission of choice of law in these fields of private international law and that the choice of law performed by parties has a very important role to play. It analyzes the admission of choice of law in conflict-of-law rules in the respective Czech legislation and EU regulations, concluding that the scope for choosing applicable law in the EU instruments is rather limited, however that it grants parties an option to designate the law that they feel most connected to and comfortable with and balances the lack of uniform approach to conflict-of-law rules across the EU regulations in the field of international family law.
Field observations in different habitats on the island of Iriomote (Yaeyama, Ryukyu, Japan) were carried out concerning their importance as perching sites of robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae), including the specialization of different species to varying microhabitats. Factors of mutual exclusion for the different species include spatial (horizontal and vertical), seasonal and behavioural factors. Some geographically widespread species prefer open areas, commonly used for agriculture, but endemic species are localized in the tropical forests of the lowlands, and afford that area the need for special protection.