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2682. Theodore Sider: Writing the book of the world
- Creator:
- Drobňák, Matej
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- [autor recenze] Matej Drobňák
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2683. Theory of evapotranspiration. 1.. Transpiration and its quantitative description
- Creator:
- Budagovskyi, Anatolij Ivanovič and Novák, Viliam
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- evapotranspiration, transpiration, evaporation, soil water, water balance, evapotranspirácia, transpirácia, evaporácia, pôdna voda, and bilancia vody
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Basic information about the evapotranspiration and its components is presented. System of equations describing the transport of water and energy in the soil - plant continuum is analyzed. The system of five differential equations with five unknowns is proposed, describing transport of heat and water vapour within the plant canopy, including exchange processes among the leaves and the atmosphere, vertical transport of the heat, water vapour and the energy balance. and Príspevok obsahuje základné informácie o evapotranspirácii a jej zložkách, výpare a transpirácii. Proces prenosu vody a energie v systéme pôda - porast je opísaný systémom piatich diferenciálnych rovníc kvantifikujúcich prenos vodnej pary a tepla medzi listami a atmosférou, ktoré umožnujú výpočet charakteristík vertikálneho prenosu vody a tepla v poraste a tiež bilanciu energie v tomto systéme.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2684. Theory of evapotraspiration. 2.. Soil and intercepted water evaporation
- Creator:
- Budagovskyi, Anatolij Ivanovič and Novák, Viliam
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- evapotranspiration, transpiration, evaporation, soil water, water balance, evapotranspirácia, transpirácia, evaporácia, pôdna voda, and bilancia vody
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Evaporation of water from the soil is described and quantified. Formation of the soil dry surface layer is quantitatively described, as a process resulting from the difference between the evaporation and upward soil water flux to the soil evaporating level. The results of evaporation analysis are generalized even for the case of water evaporation from the soil under canopy and interaction between evaporation rate and canopy transpiration is accounted for. Relationships describing evapotranspiration increase due to evaporation of the water intercepted by canopy are presented. Indirect methods of evapotranspiration estimation are discussed, based on the measured temperature profiles and of the air humidity, as well as of the net radiation and the soil heat fluxes. and Príspevok obsahuje kvantitatívny opis výparu vody z pôdy a bilanciu energie počas vyparovania, charakterizovanú rovnicou obsahujúcou turbulentný tok tepla a skupenské teplo vyparovania. Je opísaný proces tvorby suchej vrstvy na povrchu pôdy počas výparu; jeho tvorba závisí od rozdielu medzi rýchlosťou výparu a prítokom vody k horizontu výparu zo spodnej vrstvy pôdy.Výsledky analýzy možno použiť aj na kvantifikáciu výparu z pôdy pod porastom. Uvádzajú sa vzťahy na výpočet zvýšenia rýchlosti evapotranspirácie, spôsobenej intercepciou. Práca obsahuje analýzu nepriamych metód výpočtu evapotranspirácie, ktoré sú založené na meraní profilov teploty a vlhkosti vzduchu nad vyparujúcim povrchom, ako aj radiačnej bilancie a tokov tepla v pôde.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2685. Third submission of the Muelheim Water Award starts in 2010
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Slovak
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2686. Thoughtful brutes
- Creator:
- Hříbek, Tomáš
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Donald Davidson, John Searle, animal minds, semantic holism, de re/ de dicto, triangulation, non-propositional thought, zvířecí mysl, de re / de dicto, neprojektivní myšlení, sémantický holismus, and triangulace
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Donald Davidson and John Searle famously differ, among other things, on the issue of animal thoughts. Davidson seems to be a latter-day Cartesian, denying any propositional thought to subhuman animals, while Searle seems to follow Hume in claiming that if we have thoughts, then animals do, too. Davidson’s argument centers on the idea that language is necessary for thought, which Searle rejects. The paper argues two things. Firstly, Searle eventually argues that much of a more complex thought does depend on language, which reduces a distance between himself and Davidson. Secondly, some of Davidson’s suggestions are promising - in particular the idea that we may lack a vocabulary to capture the contents of animal thoughts. Based on this insight, one might, pace Davidson, grant thoughts to animals. However, this does not mean, pace Searle, that it should be possible to construe even the simplest of such thoughts as propositional. Perhaps we need to move beyond Davidson and Searle by developing a theory of non-propositional thought for animals., Donald Davidson a John Searle se skvěle liší, mimo jiné, v otázce zvířecích myšlenek. Zdá se, že Davidson je karteziánem posledního dne, který popírá jakékoli výrokové myšlenky subhumánním zvířatům, zatímco Searle se zdá, že následuje Humea, když tvrdí, že pokud máme myšlenky, tak i zvířata. Davidsonův argument se soustředí na myšlenku, že jazyk je nezbytný pro myšlenku, kterou Searle odmítá. Příspěvek argumentuje dvě věci. Za prvé, Searle nakonec argumentuje, že mnoho složitějších myšlenek závisí na jazyce, což snižuje vzdálenost mezi ním a Davidsonem. Za druhé, některé z Davidsonových návrhů jsou slibné - zejména myšlenka, že nám může chybět slovní zásoba, která by zachytila obsah zvířecích myšlenek. Na základě tohoto vhledu, jedna síla, tempoDavidsoni, udělte myšlenky zvířatům. To však neznamená, že tempo Searle, že by mělo být možné vyložit i ty nejjednodušší takové myšlenky jako výrokové. Možná, že musíme jít za Davidsonem a Searlem tím, že vypracujeme teorii non-propozičního myšlení pro zvířata., and Tomáš Hříbek
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2687. Three-dimensional flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid over a bidirectional stretching surface with prescribed surface temperature and prescribed surface heat flux
- Creator:
- Hayat, Tasawar, Shehzad, Sabir Ali, Al-Mezel, Saleh, and Alsaedi, Ahmed
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- three-dimensional flow, Oldroyd-B fluid, bidirectional stretching surface, and heat source/sink
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- This paper concentrates on the mathematical modelling for three-dimensional flow of an incompressible Oldroyd-B fluid over a bidirectional stretching surface. Mathematical formulation incorporates the effect of internal heat source/sink. Two cases of heat transfer namely the prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed surface heat flux (PHF) are considered. Computations for the governing nonlinear flow are presented using homotopy analysis method. Comparison of the present analysis is shown with the previous limiting result. The obtained results are discussed by plots of interesting parameters for both PST and PHF cases. We examine that an increase in Prandtl number leads to a reduction in PST and PHF. It is noted that both PST and PHF are increased with an increase in source parameter. Further we have seen that the temperature is an increasing function of ratio parameter.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2688. Three-dimensional numerical study of submerged spatial hydraulic jumps
- Creator:
- Foda, Ahmed S., Imam, Yehya E., Bazaraa, Abd Allah S. , and Imam, Emad H.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- abrupt channel expansion, submerged spatial hydraulic jump, asymmetric jump, oscillatory jump, and computational fluid dynamics
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- A three-dimensional numerical model was applied to simulate submerged spatial hydraulic jumps (SSHJ) downstream of a symmetric vent that discharges into a wider channel. Simulations were carried out for different aspect ratios of the vent, expansion ratios of vent width to downstream channel width, tailwater depth, and inlet Froude number. Depending on these factors, simulations indicated the formation of steady asymmetric SSHJ, oscillatory asymmetric SSHJ, and steady symmetric SSHJ, consistent with results of previous experimental studies. The model reproduced observed depth downstream of vent, jump length, and velocity profiles along channel centerline for steady symmetric SSHJ. For oscillatory asymmetric SSHJ, simulated oscillation frequencies had Strouhal numbers that varied with expansion ratio and ranged between 0.003 and 0.015. With piers downstream of the vent, oscillatory SSHJ continued to exhibit jet deflections when pier length was relatively short (≲0.2 of jump length) but became steady asymmetric for longer piers.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2689. Tichý and fictional names
- Creator:
- Glavaničová, Daniela
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fictional characters, fictional names, roles, transparent intensional logic, and variables
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The paper examines two possible analyses of fictional names within Pavel Tichý’s Transparent Intensional Logic. The first of them is the analysis actually proposed by Tichý in his (1988) book The Foundations of Frege’s Logic. He analysed fictional names in terms of free variables. I will introduce, explain, and assess this analysis. Subsequently, I will explain Tichý’s notion of individual role (office, thing-to-be). On the basis of this notion, I will outline and defend the second analysis of fictional names. This analysis is close to the approach known in the literature as role realism (the most prominent advocates of this position are Nicholas Wolterstorff, Gregory Currie, and Peter Lamarque)., Článek zkoumá dvě možné analýzy fiktivních jmen v rámci Transparentní intenzivní logiky Pavla Tichého . První z nich je analýza skutečně navržená Tichým v jeho (1988) knize The Foundations of Frege's Logic . Analyzoval fiktivní názvy z hlediska volných proměnných. Zavedu, vysvětlím a posoudím tuto analýzu. Následně vysvětlím Tichého pojmu individuální role (kancelář, věc, která má být). Na základě tohoto pojetí budu načrtnout a obhajovat druhou analýzu fiktivních jmen. Tato analýza je blízká přístupu známému v literatuře jako realismu rolí (nejvýznamnějšími obhájci této pozice jsou Nicholas Wolterstorff, Gregory Currie a Peter Lamarque)., and Daniela Glavaničová
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2690. Tichý’s possible worlds
- Creator:
- Raclavský, Jiří
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- actualism, combinatorialism, possible worlds, possible world semantics, and transparent intensional logic
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Pavel Tichý originally published his interesting conception of possible worlds in 1968. Even though he modified it over the following twenty five years, its core remained unchanged. None of his thirty journal papers or books containing the notion of possible worlds was a study in metaphysics. Tichý (and most of his followers) always introduced the notion in the context of other investigations where he applied his Transparent intensional logic either to the semantic analysis of natural language or to the explications of other notions. Tichý presented his conceptions using rather short descriptions occurring on a number of places; his proposal appears not only fragmentary but also somehow incoherent. The main contribution of this paper is thus not only a complete survey of Tichý’s development of his conception but also a certain completion of the very proposal., Pavel Tichý původně publikoval své zajímavé pojetí možných světů v roce 1968. I když ho v následujících dvaceti pěti letech upravoval, jeho jádro zůstalo beze změny. Žádný z jeho třiceti článků nebo knih obsahujících pojem možných světů nebyl studií v metafyzice. Tichý (a většina jeho následovníků) vždy představil pojem v kontextu jiných vyšetřování, kde aplikoval svou transparentní intenzivní logiku buď na sémantickou analýzu přirozeného jazyka, nebo na vysvětlení jiných pojmů. Tichý představil své koncepty spíše krátkými popisy, které se vyskytují na několika místech; jeho návrh se jeví nejen jako roztříštěný, ale také nesouvislý., and Jiří Raclavský
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public