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29292. The anti-authoritarianism of the Movement of Revolutionary Youth?: three contextualisations
- Creator:
- Křížkovský, Matyáš, Polák, Michael, and Slačálek, Ondřej
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Movement of Revolutionary Youth, Petr Uhl, Czechoslovak student movement, post-Stalinism, Trotskyism and post-Trotskyism, and global 1968
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article aims to bring about a deeper understanding of the strong emphasis placed on the anti-authoritarian dimension of radical left politics by the Movement of Revolutionary Youth (HRM), a group made up mostly of students that was active in 1968–1969 in Czechoslovakia and was harshly repressed by the normalisation regime. This emphasis is expressed not only in their demands for cultural freedoms but also through a critical dialogue with the history of revolutionary Marxism and a rethinking of the past and the future of the socialist movement in which the most important divide is seen as being between authoritarianism and libertarianism or, in another formulation, centralism and self-government. Taking into account the prevalent image of Trotskyism, this anti-authoritarian emphasis might be considered surprising. Therefore, we discuss three possible explanations for it: (1) a generational reflection of the state socialist dictatorship and the experience of the student movement; (2) the internal dynamics of the development of Trotskyist and post-Trotskyist ideas; (3) the more general development imprinted in the so-called “global 1968” and “the long 1970s.” The combination of all these three contexts opened up space for various analytical insights and political accentuations that made it possible for the group to transcend both Western Trotskyism and the Czechoslovak “socialism with a human face.”
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29293. The Apartment with the Best Floor Plan Layout: Architects versus Non-architects
- Creator:
- Boumová, Irena and Zdráhalová, Jana
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Apartment, Floor plan layout, Housing design, Preferences, Architects, and Non-architects
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study examined differences in the floor-plan preferences of architects and laypersons with no architectural education or experience (non-architects). Qualitative data on floor-plan preferences were collected using interviews and an online survey. The floor plans used in the online survey were differentiated primarily by spatial arrangements and included the original layout of a socialist prefab apartment and two contemporary redesigns of the space. The results showed significant differences in the floor-plan preferences of architects and non-architects. Topological properties of layout and a required level of privacy were identified as key factors influencing the between-group differences. Architects and non-architects disagreed in particular over how the public and private zones were defined and arranged in the apartment layouts. From the perspective of architectural practice, understanding non-architects’ preferences can decrease the uncertainty in new product development for an unknown end user and increase residential satisfaction.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29294. The application of morphostructural analysis and its validation by comparison with documented faults within the Zlaté Hory ore district (the northeastern part of the Bohemian massif)
- Creator:
- Jan Jelínek, František Staněk, Thomas, Jan, Daněk, Tomáš, and Mališ, Jiří
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, strukturní analýza, structural analysis, digital elevation model, tectonic geomorphology, morpholineament, morphometry, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The goal of this study is to determine the validity of morpholineaments network that was inferred based on morphostructural analysis of digital elevation model (DEM), by crosschecking with documented faults. The test field has been spread over the exploitation areas in the Zlaté Hory ore district. Various morphometric analyses such as slope, aspect, first directional derivative, gradient operator, combination of altitude and shaded relief, were chosen as particular tools of the morphostructural analysis. The results of each analysis were compared with the results of structural-tectonic mapping. The inferred morpholineaments network was compared with mining maps of the scale 1:500, which provide detailed information about tectonic deformation of rock massif in the area of interest and were used to image fault traces on the surface. The validity of inferred morpholineaments network was determined by authorized software SROV_TEKT, developed by the authors. The morpholineaments network resulting from the morphostructural analysis and tested by this software overlaps at 83 % of the documented main faults in the mines., Jan Jelínek, František Staněk, Jan Thomas, Tomáš Daněk and Jiří Mališ., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29295. The Architects Have Overslept: Space As a Construct of Art Historians, 1888-1914
- Creator:
- Švácha, Rostislav
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29296. The Architects Have Overslept? On the Concept of Space in 19th Century Architectural Theory
- Creator:
- Vybíral, Jindřich
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29297. The assembly of chlorophyli into pigment-protein complexes
- Creator:
- Marder, J. B and Raskin, V. I.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence from greening and fiilly green barley leaves was analyzed using a phase-modulated fluorimeter. Inunediately following the irradiation of fiilly-etiolated leaves, a pool of (newly-synthesised) Chl/chlorophyllide was detected with a fluorescence lífetime similar to that of these pigments in solution. After some hours, the major fluorescence component was a short-lifetime species which we believe to represent photosystem 2. Selective inhibition of polypeptide synthesis in either the chloroplast or cytosol greatly reduced the extent of Chl assimilation and gave rise to novel fluorescence-lifetime profiles which are believed to arise flom complexes in various stages of assembly. Hence angiosperms háve evolved control systems to lim't the appearance of free Chl; this involves close co- ordination between pigment and polypeptide synthesis.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29298. The assessment of plasma fatty acid profiles in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve paediatric Crohn’s disease
- Creator:
- Schwarz, Jan, Vecka, Marek, Stožický, František, Pomahačová, Renata, Staňková, Barbora, Tvrzická, Eva, Kreslová, Marcela, Zahálková, Romana, and Sýkora, Josef
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- děti, Crohnova nemoc, záněty, children, Crohn's disease, inflammations, polyunsaturated fatty acids, profiling, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Fatty acid (FA) profiles as potentially relevant components of Crohn’s disease (CD) have been insufficiently analysed. We sought to explore the plasma profiles of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in newly diagnosed untreated active CD. We included 26 consecutive CD pediatric patients (<19 years) and 14 healthy controls (HCs). Disease characteristics, including inflammatory markers, dietary histories, and the Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI), were obtained. The profiles of plasma FAs in plasma lipid classes were analysed by gas chromatography with FID detection of methyl esters. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level and fecal calprotectin level (all p<0.001) were significantly higher in CD patients than in HCs. Most changes were observed in plasma phospholipids (PLs), such as a higher content of n-3 and changes in n-6 long-chain PUFAs in the CD group. The CD group had a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs in PLs (p<0.001) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) (p<0.01). Correlations of the FA content in plasma PLs with disease activity scores of CD were also observed, which were positive for the sum of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) as well as oleic acid (18:1n-9) (both p<0.05). The metabolism of PUFAs is significantly altered even in treatment-naïve newly diagnosed active pediatric CD, and the content of major FAs in PLs correlates with disease activity and inflammatory markers, thus probably contributing to the still unclear early disease pathogenesis., Jan Schwarz, Marek Vecka, František Stožický, Renáta Pomahačová, Barbora Staňková, Eva Tvrzická, Marcela Kreslová, Romana Zahálková, Josef Sýkora., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29299. The assessment proposal for long-term and short-term tolerable hygrothermal microclimatic conditions
- Creator:
- Jirák, Z., Jokl, M. V., Jiráková, H., and Bajgar, P.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- microclimate, work at high temperatures, work and rest regime, physiological limits, climatic chamber, and hygienic standards for workplaces
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A group of four efficient mine rescuers 25 to 35 years old were exposed to a load of a cyclo-ergometer (stages A and B) and a hand ergometer (stage E) in a climate chamber. The total 120 min period of work was divided into four work intervals, 30 min each. There were 5-min breaks between the individual intervals. The load on the ergometer was selected in the range of 25 to 150 W, Tg = 20 to 40 °C, rh = 40 to 80 % and va = 0.2 to 1.5 m. s-1. The thermal resistance of the working suit was 0.65 clo at stage A, 1.07 clo at stage B and 0.81 clo at stage E. A total of 200 experiments with 50 combinations of the work and climate loads were made. The heart rate, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, body temperature, skin temperature, water loss by sweating and perspiration, dry and wet bulb air temperature, air velocity and globe temperature were measured during the experiments. The expected production of sweat (SR) and the amount of accumulated heat in the body (Qmax) were calculated for each combination of the work-climate conditions by a computing program ISO 7933:1989 as well as by our own program. Good agreement was reached between the measured and predicted SR values, calculated by the ISO program (r = 0.871) as well as between the values calculated by the two programs, respectively (r = 0.985). The experimental results have shown good agreement between the predicted and actually measured values of temperature of the body core as an index of short-term tolerable climate load. The values of short-term tolerable time of work calculated at the level of accumulated heat in the body of 50 W.h.m-2 resulted in an increase of body core temperature by 0.8 to 1.0 K. The values of heart rate did not mostly exceed 140 beats/min, reaching in exceptional (three) cases values above 150 beats/min. The authors recommend to limit the long-term work-heat (climatic) load during a higher metabolic rate (M>80 W.m-2 including the basal metabolic rate) of acclimatized males and females at a sweat rate SR = 270 g.h-1.m-2, of non-acclimatized persons at SR = 206 g.h-1.m-2. The limit for low metabolic rates (M<80 W.m-2) for non-acclimatized and acclimatized persons is proposed for long-term tolerable loads of SR = 147 g.h-1.m-2. The short-term tolerable load by heat storage within the organism for all categories is proposed as Qmax-50 W.h.m-2.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29300. The association between oxidative stress and obstructive lung impairment in patients with COPD
- Creator:
- Kluchová, Z., Darina Petrášová, Pavol Joppa, Zlatica Dorková, and Ružena Tkáčová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, nemoci plic, oxidační stres, human physiology, pulmonary diseases, oxidative stress, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- An oxidant/antioxidant imbalance is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that antioxidant capacity reflected by erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and serum levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), may be related to the severity of obstructive lung impairment in patients with COPD. Erythrocyte GPx, SOD and CAT activities, and serum levels of MDA were measured in 79 consecutive patients with stable COPD. Pulmonary functional tests were assessed by bodyplethysmography. Moderate COPD (FEV1 50-80 %) was present in 23, and severe COPD (FEV1 < 50 %) in 56 patients. Erythrocyte GPx activity was significantly lower, and serum MDA levels were significantly higher in patients with severe COPD compared to patients with moderate COPD (GPx: 43.1±1.5 vs. 47.7±2.9 U/gHb, p<0.05, MDA: 2.4±0.1 vs. 2.1±0.1 nmol/ml, p<0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant direct relationship between FEV1 and erythrocyte GPx activity (r = 0.234, p<0.05), and a significant inverse relationship between FEV1 and serum MDA levels (r = -0.239, p<0.05). However, no differences were observed in the erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities between the two groups of patients with different severity of COPD. Findings of the present study suggest that antioxidant capacity reflected by erythrocyte GPx activity and serum levels of the lipid peroxidation product MDA are linked to the severity of COPD., Z. Kluchová, D. Petrášová, P. Joppa, Z. Dorková, R. Tkáčová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public