This paper deals with the formation of snowmelt-driven floods in two experimental microbasins located in Slovakia’s highlands (300-400 m a.s.l) near the town of Povazska Bystrica, Slovakia in March 2006. The first basin (Rybarik) encompasses an area of 0.119 km2 and is used primarily for agriculture; while the Lesný basin with its catchment area of 0.0864 km2 is characterized as a forested land. The maximal specific outflow from the Rybárik basin was observed on March 28, 2006, with 281.3 l s-1 km-2, peaking at 3 p.m. with 422 l s-1 km-2. In the Lesný basin, the maximum outflow was observed on March 29, 2006, with its peak of 523 l s-1 km-2 at noon. In the second part the long-term trend of snow water equivalent (SWE) modeled by the HBV-light rainfall-runoff model in the Rybarik and Lesny microbasins were evaluated. After the model verification, the daily values of SWE for the period 1965/66-2005/06 were calculated for Rybarik and Lesný microbasins. From the results it follows, that, after a temporal decline in the maxima of snow depth and of SWE in the 1990s, SWE started to increase in 2002 again. The historically highest values of SWE were simulated in both experimental microbasins in the winter season of 2005/06. and V príspevku je analyzovaná tvorba povodňového odtoku počas povodne z topenia sa snehu v marci 2006 na príklade dvoch experimentálnych mikropovodí lokalizovaných vo vrchovinovej časti Slovenska pri Považskej Bystrici (300–400 m n.m.), konkrétne z poľnohospodársky využívaného mikropovodia Rybárik (0,119 km2 ), a zo zalesneného mikropovodia Lesný (0,0864 km2 ). Maximálny meraný špecifický odtok z povodia Rybárik bol 281 l s-1 km-2 28. marca 2006 (vrchol 422 l s-1 km-2 o 15.00 hod.). Maximálny meraný špecifický odtok z povodia Lesný 263,7 l s-1 km-2 bol zaznamenaný 29. marca 2006 (vrchol 523 l s-1 km-2 o 12.00 hod.). V druhej časti príspevku je analyzovaný dlhodobý vývoj vodnej hodnoty snehu (SWE) v povodí Rybárik a Lesný, modelovanej zrážko-odtokovým modelom HBV-light. Po kalibrácii a verifikácii modelu boli modelom vypočítané denné vodné hodnoty snehu za 42-ročné obdobie 1965/66–2005/06. Z výsledkov vyplýva, že po dočasnom poklese maxím vodnej hodnoty snehu SWE v deväťdesiatych rokoch minulého storočia od roku 2002 došlo k opätovnému zvýšeniu vodnej hodnoty snehu. V zimnej sezóne 2005/06 bola vypočítaná najvyššia hodnota SWE od začiatku pozorovaní v oboch mikropovodiach.
The 02 ’ production in isolated plastids and their ability to detoxify SO2 increased duiing greening of oat plants and was much stronger in those with working photosynthetic apparatus than in etiolated ones. The sulphite oxidation level was stimulated using superoxide dismutase inhibitors.
Článek podává chronologický přehled o vzniku a vývoji sémiotiky od nejstarších dob po současnost s důrazem na stav zkoumání v posledních desetiletích. Je doplněn bibliografií základních prací. and Esta es la version espaňola de una parte del capitalo 19 -Semàntica, semiòtica y semiologia- de nuestra «Historia de la Linguistica» cuyo originai checo ha sido publicado hace poco por la editorial Votobia (Dějiny lingvistiky, Olomouc 1996, 512 pdgs.). La version espaňola del libro està en prensa, en Espaňa.
Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) live territorially in families consisting of a reproducing founder pair and their non-reproducing young. Intra-family aggression occurs and is reported to be mainly caused by reproductive competition between females and the loss of reproducing founder animals. The current study investigated the impact of family traits (size, density and sex ratio) and aggressive inter-individual interactions on litters. Characteristics like pup mortality, litter size, sex ratio, and weekly body mass gain were tested. Across litters, significant correlations were found between litter size and family size (r = - 0.507, df = 25, p = 0.008) and between litter size and family density (r = - 0.404, df = 25, p = 0.01). Pup mortality was influenced by family size (r = 0.556, df = 25, p = 0.003) and by family density (r = 0.328, df = 25, p = 0.04). Unexpectedly, the influencing factor “occurrence of aggression” between adult family members or “expulsion of the mother” during lactation of the young had no influence on litters’ features. Family size and family density could be shown to be the most dominant parameters affecting the fate of the offspring and regulating the reproduction of the family.
England's increasing housing affordability problem, widely described as a 'housing crisis', has become a major public and political concern in recent years. The proportion of social housing has been shrinking for 40 years but there is no political appetite - at least under the current government - to reverse this. Policies are instead addressed at making some private housing more affordable and at increasing access to owner occupation by allowing more social tenants to buy their homes. The government has increased its control over the financial affairs of social landlords, who are responding by concentrating on those areas of activity where control is less stringent.
The role of the social housing sector as part of the German housing system has changed fundamentally since 1950. Social housing in Germany followed a number of common trends and features to be observed in most countries in Europe: delegation to local government, a narrow focus on fragile populations and a reduction in the proportion of social housing. The specific reasons for this are discussed as relating to the German background. Against a background of more and more tense housing markets the paper argues for a revitalization of social housing in Germany without repeating the old mistakes.