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Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Date Unknown

29732. The predictive role of self-compassion on self-handicapping in Turkish university students

Creator:
Akin, Ümran and Akin, Ahmet
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Psychologie, psychologie, psychology, sebelitování, sebeznevýhodňování, mnohonásobná regresní analýza, self-compassion, self-handicapping, multiple regression analysis, 17, and 159.9
Language:
Czech
Description:
Prediktivní vliv sebelitování na sebeznevýhodňování u tureckých univerzitních studentů Východiska. V rostoucím počtu výzkumů bylo zjištěno, že větší sebelitování je spojeno s větší psychologickou a kognitivní pohodou. Lze předpokládat, že sebelitování může hrát důležitou roli v sebeznevýhodňování, přičemž různé dimenze sebelitování mohou hrát různé role. Nicméně žádný výzkum zatím nezkoumal možné souvislosti mezi těmito proměnnými. Cíl. Cílem výzkumu bylo prozkoumat vztah mezi sebelitováním a sebeznevýhodňováním. Účastníci. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo 408 univerzitních studentů, 201 (49%) žen a 207 (51%) mužů), studujících různé obory v pregraduálních programech na pedagogické fakultě univerzity Sakarya v Turecku. Metoda. Jako míry byly použity škály sebelitování a sebeznevýhodňování. Vztahy mezi sebelitováním a sebeznevýhodňováním byly zjišťovány korelační analýzou a mnohonásobnou regresní analýzou. Výsledky. Korelační analýza poukázala na negativní vztah faktorů sebelitování: laskavost k sobě, běžná lidskost a dbalost a pozitivní vztah faktorů sebelitování: sebeposouzení, izolace a přehnaná identifikace, k sebeznevýhodňování. Podle výsledků regresní analýzy bylo sebeznevýhodňování pozitivně predikováno sebeposouzením, izolací a přehnanou identifikací. Běžná lidskost negativně predikovala sebeznevýhodňování. Sebelitování vysvětlilo 51% rozptylu sebe znevýhodňování. Omezení. Získané výsledky by neměly být zobecňovány jak na univerzitní studenty, tak na jiné studentské populace, protože data byla sbírána pouze na univerzitě Sakarya v Turecku. Data o sebelitování a sebeznevýhodňování jsou omezena na subjektivní výpovědi a nevyužívala kvalitativní míry těchto proměnných., Background. A growing body of research has found that higher self-compassion is associated with greater psychological and cognitive well-being. Therefore self-compassion can be considered as playing an important role on selfhandicapping, while different dimensions of self-compassion may play different roles. However there is no research that investigated the possible links between these variables. Purpose. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between self-compassion and self-handicapping. Participants. Participants were 408 university students – 201 (49%) were female and 207 (51%) were male – who enrolled in various undergraduate programs at Sakarya University Faculty of Education, Turkey. Method. The Self-compassion Scale and the Self-handicapping Scale were used as measures. The relationships between self-compassion and self-handicapping were examined using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results. In correlation analysis, self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness factors of self-compassion were found negatively and selfjudgment, isolation, and over-identification factors of self-compassion were found positively related to self-handicapping. According to regression results, self-handicapping was predicted positively by self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification. Further common humanity predicted self-handicapping in a negative way. Self-compassion has explained 51% of the variance in self-handicapping. Limitations. The results obtained in this study should not be generalized either to all university students or to other student populations, since the data were collected at just one campus in Sakarya University, Turkey. Also the data reported here for self-compassion and self-handicapping are limited to self-reported data and did not use a qualitative measure of these variables., Ümran Akin, Ahmet Akin., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29733. The presence of sporogonic stages of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae in Icelandic salmonids detected using in situ hybridisation

Creator:
Svavarsdóttir, Fjóla Rut, Freeman, Mark A., Antonsson, Þórólfur, Árnason, Friðþjófur, and Kristmundsson, Árni
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
proliferative kidney disease, PKD, Arctic charr, brown trout, Atlantic salmon, sporogony, salmonid, and intratubular
Language:
English
Description:
Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is a widespread temperature-dependent disease in salmonids caused by the myxozoan parasite, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Canning, Curry, Feist, Longshaw et Okamura, 1999) (Tb). Tb has a two-host life cycle, involving fish as an intermediate host and freshwater bryozoans as the definitive host. Although salmonids are acknowledged as hosts for the parasite, it is less clear which fish species are active hosts in the life cycle of Tb. Differences in infection dynamics have been observed between some fish species, which are thought to be related to the existence of two main Tb-strains, the American and European. Iceland, having three species of indigenous salmonids and positioned geographically between Europe and North America, is an ideal location to study the natural development of Tb in wild fish. The main aim of this study was to determine the genetic origin of Tb in Iceland and confirm whether mature spores are produced in Icelandic salmonids. In this study, Icelandic salmonids were infected with the European Tb-strain. In situ hybridisation revealed that intraluminal sporogonic stages, including mature spores, were commonly observed in all three salmonid species. The presence of intraluminal stages has previously been confirmed in brown trout Salmo trutta Linnaeus and Atlantic salmon S. salar Linnaeus in Europe, but they have only been observed in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus) in North America, infected by the local strain. This is, therefore, the first time that sporogonic stages have been observed in Arctic charr in Europe, where fish are infected with the European Tb-strain. Our data strongly suggest that all the three salmonid species inhabiting Icelandic waters serve as active hosts in the life cycle of Tb. However, for full confirmation, transmission trials are needed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29734. The present state of the international star cluster photometry programme

Creator:
Szécsényi-Nagy, G.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
multilateral cooperation of astronomers, open star clusters, and astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic investigation
Language:
Czech
Description:
In the seventies, astronomers from some European socialist countries, participating in the multilateral cooperation of the academies of these states, decided to collaborate in the detailed astrometric, photometric and spectrometri investigation of open star clusters. Hungarian scientists were expected to carry out tthe multicolour photometry of cluster member stars (at least to a certain extent). Considering that the majority of the programme stars are far too dim to be measured by the moderate-sized photoelectric telescopes of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and that incividual photoelectric photometry of cluster members would be extremely time-consuming, photographic UBV photometry was chosen as the most advantageous solution. The first steps in this task have been taken - more than 200 plates were collected in these spectral bands - and a short review is presented on the observations in order to inform out cooperating partners. At the same time, a proposal is made with a view to supplementing the list of jointly studied open clusters and information is requested from our collaborators on cluster membership probabilities and spectre of stars in order to take the preliminary steps in laboratory measurements.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29735. The prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus ticks in the zone of their sympatry

Creator:
Korenberg, Edward I., Kovalevskii, Yurii V., Levin, Michael L., and Shchyogoleva, Tatyana V.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Borrelia, prevalence, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes ricinus, and sympatry
Language:
English
Description:
A total of 7210 unfed adult Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930 and I. ricinus (L., 1758) ticks were collected from the vegetation by flagging in 35 study sites located in the zone of their sympatry (mainly in Leningrad region, Russia). Borrelia infection in ticks was estimated by the dark-field microscopic analysis of gut contents in standard vital preparations at a magnification of ×600. No correlation was revealed between the series of parameters characterising the abundance of each tick species (τ = -0.13) and between the series of these parameters and the prevalence of Borrelia in each vector. It is concluded that in the broad zone of I. persulcatus and I. ricinus sympatry, the presence and proportion of one vector in the ecosystem does not have any significant effect on the extensity of infection and on the epizootic and epidemic significance of the other vector. Each tick species has its independent (of the other species) and relatively original functional role in the focal ecosystem.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29737. The problem of intention and the evaluative properties of effects in the Knobe effect

Creator:
Waleszczyński, Andrzej, Obidziński, Michał, and Rejewska, Julia
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
side-effect effect, Knobe effect, intention, intentionality, and evaluative properties
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In the article, we present analyses and findings which add precision to the role of intentions and the relation between effects in attributing the intentionality of causing a side effect. Our research supplements and modifies numerous findings regarding the appearance of the so-called Knobe effect. The experiments and analyses show that the very originality of the story used by Knobe and the relationship between the evaluative properties of the main effect and the side effect results in an asymmetry of responses and contributes to the occurrence of the side-effect effect. Because of this, we reject the thesis that the mode of attitude of the agent to the caused side effect or that the social expectation of this attitude determine the attribution of the intentionality of the caused effect. On the contrary, we defend the thesis that it is the relationship between the evaluative properties of the main effect and those of the side effect, as well as the impact of a side effect on the main effect, that significantly influence the attribution of intentionality in causing a side effect.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29738. The professional language of Polish journalists in a diachronic perspective

Creator:
Jarosz, Beata
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociolinguistics, professional variants, Polish language, and professiolect of journalists
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper attempts to define the development of professional language that constitutes an instrument of communication for Polish journalists. This problem has not been a subject of linguistic analyses to date and thus there are no comprehensive studies of the vocabulary associated with the emergence of periodicals or with work in radio and television crews, which makes establishing the origins and stages of the development of this variant of Polish a highly difficult task. Therefore, the paper preliminarily discusses the development of this professiolect, based on the characterisation of the evolution of the journalistic profession and with reference to the technological changes that influenced the way of preparing materials in the Polish context. The author distinguishes four phases of the evolution of this sublanguage: (1) the proto­professiolectal period (17th–18th century), (2) the establishment of a professional code (19th century – early 20th century), (3) the period of unstable development (early 20th century – 1980s/1990s) and (4) of dynamic evolution (since the 1980s/1990s). and W artykule podjęto próbę określenia etapów rozwoju języka zawodowego będącego narzędziem komunikacji polskich dziennikarzy. Problem ten nie był do tej pory przedmiotem lingwistycznych analiz i nie istnieją kompleksowe opracowania na temat specyficznej leksyki związanej z tworzeniem czasopism czy pracą w zespołach radiowo-telewizyjnych, dlatego ustalenie genezy i faz ewolucji tej odmiany polszczyzny jest zadaniem bardzo trudnym. W związku z tym na podstawie charakterystyki rozwoju zawodu dziennikarza i w odniesieniu do przemian technologicznych, jakie miały wpływ na sposób opracowywania materiałów, w artykule wstępnie omówiono proces kształtowania się na polskim grunc ie wspomnianego języka zawodowego. Autorka wyróżnia cztery fazy ewolucji tego subjęzyka: (1) faza protoprofesjolektalna (XVII–XVIII w.), (2) ukonstytuowanie się języka zawodowego (XIX w. – początek XX w.), (3) okres niestabilnego rozwoju (początek XX w. – lata 80. XX w.) oraz (4) intensywnej ewolucji (od lata 80/90).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29739. The Protective Effect of Aminoguanidine on Cerebral Ischemic Damage in the Rat Brain

Creator:
Danielisová, V., Némethová, M., and Burda, J.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Cerebral ischemia, Hippocampus, NADPH-diaphorase, Nitric oxide synthase, and Aminoguanidine
Language:
English
Description:
The NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical technique is commonly used to localize the nitric oxide (NO) produced by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in neural tissue. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced in the late stage of cerebral ischemia, and NO produced by iNOS contributes to the delay in recovery from brain neuronal damage. The present study was performed to investigate whether the increase in nitric oxide production via inducible nitric oxide synthase was suppressed by the administration of aminoguanidine, a selective iNOS inhibitor, as it follows a decrease of NADPH-diaphorase activity (a marker for NOS) after four-vessel occlusion used as an ischemic model. The administration of aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg i.p., twice per day up to 3 days immediately after the ischemic insult) reduced the number of NADPH-diaphorase positive cells to control levels. Our results indicated that aminoguanidine suppressed NADPH-diaphorase activity, and also decreased the number of NADPH-diaphorase positive cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus following ischemic brain injury.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29740. The protective effect of mangiferin on osteoarthritis: an in vitro and in vivo study

Creator:
Wang, Yulu, Guo, Xinling, Fan, Xiaolong, Zhang, Haidong, Xue, Deting, and Pan, Zhijun
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mangiferin, osteoarthritis (OA), cytokines, gene expression, in vitro, and in vivo
Language:
English
Description:
Mangiferin is a kind of polyphenol chemical compound separated from these herbal medicines of Mangifera indica L., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. and Belamcanda chinensis L., which has anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, and other physiological activities without toxic effects. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that is also a kind of arthritis disease in which articular cartilage or bones under the joint is damaged. In addition, artificial replacements are required in severe cases. At present, there are not too much researches on the potential biological activities of mangiferin that plays a protective role in the treatment of OA. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of mangiferin on osteoarthritis (OA) in vitro and in vivo. First, the effect of different concentrations of mangiferin on rat chondrocytes was determined by MTT assay. Second, the effects of mangiferin on the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, TNF-α, Collagen II, Caspase-3, and cystatin-C in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced rat chondrocytes were examined by the real-time polymerase chain reaction in vitro, meanwhile the effects of mangiferin on the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway were also investigated by Western Blot. Finally, the antiosteoarthritic protective effect of mangiferin was evaluated in the rat model by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) combined with bilateral ovariectomy-induced OA in vivo. The results showed that the mangiferin was found to inhibit the expression of MMP-13, TNF-α, and Caspase-3 which also increased the expression of Collagen II and cystatin-C in IL-1β-induced rat chondrocytes. In addition, IL-1β-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and the degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB)-α were suppressed by mangiferin. For the in vivo study in a rat model of OA, 100 μl of mangiferin was administered by intra-articular injections for rats, the results showed that the cartilage degradation was suppressed by mangiferin through Micro CT and Histological Examination. According to both in vitro and in vivo results, mangiferin has a protective effect in the treatment of OA which may be a promising therapeutic agent for OA.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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