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33852. Two new species of the genus Goezia, G. brasiliensis sp. n. and G. brevicaeca sp. n. (Nematoda: Anisakidae), from freshwater fishes in Brazil
- Creator:
- Moravec, F., Kohn, A., and Fernandes, B.M.M.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Goezia brasiliensis sp. n, G. brevicaeca sp. n., Nematoda, freshwater fishes, Brycon hilarii, Pseudoplatystoma coruscans, and Brazil
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Examination of freshwater fishes from the Parana River in southern Brazil during March 1992, revealed the presence of two new, previously undescribed species of the genus Goezia: G. brasiliensis sp. n. is described from the stomach of Brycon hilarii (family Characidae) (type host) and the intestine of Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Pimelodidae) and it is characterized mainly by the length (0.802 mm) of spicules, number and arrangement of male caudal papillae (10 pairs of preanals and 4 pairs of postanals) and body measurements (male 11 mm, female 10-16 mm); the main characteristics of G. brevicaeca sp. n„ described from the stomach of Brycon hilarii, are a short anterior intestinal caecum reaching anteriorly only to the posterior end of oesophagus, comparatively short spicules (0.367 mm), number of male caudal papillae (20 pairs of preanals and 4 pairs of postanals) and an elongate, rather long body (male 17 mm, female 23 mm).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33853. Two species of philometrid nematodes (Philometridae) from marine fishes off Japan, including Philometroides branchiostegi sp. n. from Branchiostegus japonicus (Malacanthidae)
- Creator:
- Moravec, František, Nagasawa, Kazuya, and Nohara, Kenji
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parasitic nematode, Philometra, Philometroides, marine fish, Branchiostegus, Acanthogobius, Pterogobius, Sea of Japan, and Japan
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Gravid females of two species of philometrid nematodes (Philometridae) were collected from marine perciform fishes in Japanese waters, mainly from the southern Sea of Japan. Based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy examinations, the previously described but poorly known species Philometra cryptocentri Yamaguti, 1961 is redescribed from specimens recovered from the abdominal cavity of Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck et Schlegel), Pterogobius elapoides (Günther) and P. zonoleucus Jordan et Snyder (all Gobiidae) (all new host records); the number (14) and arrangement of cephalic papillae in this species are described for the first time. The new species, Philometroides branchiostegi sp. n. from head tissues of Branchiostegus japonicus (Houttuyn) (Malacanthidae), based on a single specimen, is mainly characterized by the embossment of the entire body except for the cephalic end, presence of four submedian pairs of large cephalic papillae of external circle and two small lateral single papillae of internal circle, pair of large papilla-like caudal projections, the oesophagus with a distinct anterior inflation, by a markedly small body (length about 18 mm) and the larvae 306-465 µm long.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33854. Two species of Rhabdochona (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the cyprinid fish Luciobarbus kersin (Heckel) in northern Iraq, including R. (Globochona) kurdistanensis sp. n.
- Creator:
- Moravec, František, Bilal, Samir J., and Abdullah, Shamall M. A.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Parasitic nematode, Rhabdochona, freshwater fish, Luciobarbus, and Iraq
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new nematode species, Rhabdochona (Globochona) kurdistanensis sp. n. (Rhabdochonidae), is decribed based on specimens collected from the intestine of the barbel Luciobarbus kersin (Heckel) (Cyprinidae) in the Greater Zab (type locality) and the Lesser Zab Rivers, Tigris River basin, Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq. It is mainly characterized by a prostom with 8 anterior teeth, the presence of basal prostomal teeth, bifurcated deirids, length ratio of the muscular and glandular portions of oesophagus (1:14.4-17.8), conspicuously short left spicule (180-204 µm), arrangement of genital papillae, nonfilamented eggs, and by having cuticular ornamentations on the tail tip (2 lateral denticular outgrowths in female and numerous fine spines in male). Description of a gravid female of Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) sp. with 14 anterior prostomal teeth and filamented eggs, recorded from L. kersin of the Greater Zab River, is also provided. R. kurdistanensis sp. n. is the fifth valid species of Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 and the only representative of the subgenus Globochona Moravec, 1972 recorded from Iraq.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33855. Two ways of experimental infection of Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) with spirochetes of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex
- Creator:
- Fišerová, Lenka, Černá, Kateřina, Horká, Helena, and Kopecký, Jan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, tick, and Ixodes ricinus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A previously reported procedure for the introduction of Borrelia spirochetes into tick larvae by immersion in a suspension of spirochetes was tested on Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks and three of the most medically important European Borrelia genomic species, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii and B. afzelii. The procedure was compared with ''classical'' infection of nymphs by feeding on infected mice. Both methods yielded comparable results (infection rate 44-65%) with the exception of B. afzelii, which produced better results using the immersion method (44%) compared with feeding on infected mice (16%). Nymphs infected by the immersion method at the larval stage were able to transmit the infection to naïve mice as shown by serology and PCR detection of spirochetal DNA in organs. The immersion method is faster than feeding on infected mice and provides more reproducible conditions for infection. It can be exploited for studies on both pathogen transmission and Borrelia-vector interactions.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33856. Two-generation diet-induced obesity model producing mice with increased amount of body fat in early adulthood
- Creator:
- Kubandová, J., Dušan Fabián, Burkuš, J., Štefan Čikoš, Soňa Czikková, Mozeš, Š., Šefčíková, Z., and Juraj Koppel
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, obezita, obesity, diet-induced obesity, fat deposits, body weight, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our study was to develop a model producing obese mice in early adulthood (4-6 weeks) based on their over-nutrition during fetal and early postnatal development. The fertilized dams of the parental generation were fed the standard diet supplemented with high-energy nutritional product Ensure Plus during gestation and lactation. De livered weanlings were then fed with standard or supplemented diet and assessed for body fat deposits using EchoMRI at the ti me of early and late adulthood. Maternal over-feeding during th e period before weaning had the most significant effect on obesity development in the filial generation. In weanlings, signific antly higher body fat deposits and average body weight were recorded. Later, further significant increase in percentage of body fat in both male and female mice was observed. Withdrawal of the Ensure Plus supplement caused a decrease in the percentage of body fat in part of the filial generation. In offspring fed the standard diet, higher fat deposits persisted till the time of late adulthood. We conclude that this diet-induced obesity model might be used in exploration of the effects of elevated body fat on physiological functions of various organ systems during juvenile and early adulthood periods of life of a human being., J. Kubandová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33857. Two-layer genetic programming
- Creator:
- Merta, Jan and Brandejský, Tomáš
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- two-layer genetic programming, ensemble learning, deep learning, bootstrapping, and symbolic regression
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper focuses on a two-layer approach to genetic programming algorithm and the improvement of the training process using ensemble learning. Inspired by the performance leap of deep neural networks, the idea of a multilayered approach to genetic programming is proposed to start with two-layered genetic programming. The goal of the paper was to design and implement a twolayer genetic programming algorithm, test its behaviour in the context of symbolic regression on several basic test cases, to reveal the potential to improve the learning process of genetic programming and increase the accuracy of the resulting models. The algorithm works in two layers. In the first layer, it searches for appropriate sub-models describing each segment of the data. In the second layer, it searches for the final model as a non-linear combination of these sub-models. Two-layer genetic programming coupled with ensemble learning techniques on the experiments performed showed the potential for improving the performance of genetic programming.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33858. Two-phase response of rat pineal melatonin to lethal whole-body irradiation with gamma rays
- Creator:
- Kassayová, M., Eva Ahlersová, and Ivan Ahlers
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ionizující záření, ionizing radiation, pineal melatonin, serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity, rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- M. Kassayová, E. Ahlersová, I. Ahlers. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33859. Two-stage stochastic programming for engineering problems
- Creator:
- Popela, Pavel, Novotný, Jan, Roupec, Jan, Hrabec, Dušan, and Olstad, Asmund
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- two-stage stochastic programming, modelling, scenarios, decomposition, and algorithms
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The purpose of the paper is to present existing and discuss modified optimization models and solution techniques which are suitable for engineering decision-making problems containing random elements with emphasis on two decision stages. The developed aproach is called two-stage stochastic programming and the paper links motivation, applicability, theoretical remarks, transformations, input data generation techniques, and selected decomposition algorithms for generalized class of engineering problems. The considered techniques have been found applicable by the experience of the authors in various areas of engineering problems. They have been applied to engineering design problems involving constraints based on differential equations to achieve reliable solutions. They have served for technological process control e.g. in melting, casting, and sustainable energy production. They have been used for industrial production technologies involving related logistics, as e.g. fixed interval scheduling under uncertainty. The paper originally introduces several recent improvements in the linked parts and it focuses on the unified two-stage stochastic programming approach to engineering problems in general. It utilizes authentic experience and ideas obtained in certain application areas and advises their fruitful utilization for other cases. The paper follows the paper published in 2000 which deals with the applicability of static stochastic programs to engineering design problems. Therefore, it refers to the basic concepts and notation introduced there and reviews only the principal ideas in the beginning. Then. it focuses on motivation of recourse concepts and two decision stages from engineering point of view. The principal models are introduced and selected theoretical features are reviewed. They are also accompanied by the discussion about difficulties caused by real-world cases. Scenario-based approach is detailed as the important one for the solution of engineering problems, discussion in data input generation is added together with model transformation remarks. Robust algorithms suitable for engineering problems involving nonlinearities and integer variable are selected and scenario-based decomposition is preferred. An original experience with using heuristics is shared. Several postprocessing remarks are added at the end of the paper, which is followed by an extensive literature review. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
33860. Tyčinkové náramky v hrobech únětické kultury v Čechách
- Creator:
- Limburský, Petr, Vélová, Lucie, Půlpánová-Reszczyńska, Agnieszka, Koštová, Nikola, and Gaul, David J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- únětická kultura, starší doba bronzová, pohřebiště, náramky, pohřební zvyklosti, nedospělí, Únětice culture, Early Bronze Age, cemetery, bracelets, burial customs, children, and adolescents
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Při analýze pohřebiště ze starší doby bronzové ve Vliněvsi (střední Čechy, okr. Mělník) byla zkoumána variabilita typů milodarů v hrobech různého pohlaví a věku. Krom jiného se ukázalo téměř výhradní zastoupení tyčinkových náramků v dětských hrobech. Rozborem všech dostupných nálezů tyčinkových náramků v hrobech únětické kultury v Čechách se tato vazba ukázala jako nenáhodná. Autoři diskutují hypotézu o spojení náramků s obdobím nedospělosti a s ním souvisejícími přechodovými rituály, případně ochrannou funkci těchto předmětů. and During an analysis of the Early Bronze Age burial site in Vliněves (central Bohemia, Mělník district), the variability of types of goods in graves of different sex and age was examined. Among other things, the study showed an almost exclusive representation of bar bracelets in the graves of juvenile individuals. An analysis of all available bar bracelet finds in Únětice culture graves in Bohemia suggested that this connection was not random. The authors discuss the hypothesis of the connection of the bracelets with the period of adolescence and related rites of passage, possibly the protective function of these artefacts.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public