The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among Czech dentists and to analyze the factors that affect these disorders. Information was gathered through questionnaire completed by 581 physicians. The questionnaire ascertained general information about physicians including their work habits and the characteristics of their work environment along with the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems as well as their intensity. In the past year the occurrence of at least mild difficulties associated with the locomotive system was reported by 96.9% of dentists surveyed (n = 557), with 66.3% of respondents (n = 381) reporting difficulties ofa moderate or major nature. Most respondents of both sexes indicated neck pain. A statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints of medium and major intensity was demonstrated for the following factors: sex, age, running a private practice, past injury or musculoskeletal diseases, and the perception of work as psychologically demanding. Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists in Czech Republic are relatively frequent and serious health problem. The causes of these diseases must be identified and appropriate preventive interventions undertaken that will contribute to a reduction in the incidence of these problems. and Z. Sustová, L. Hodacová, M. Kapitán
The Purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of combined treatment for III AB stage of nonsmallcell lung cancer. Nonsmallcell lung cancer spread form treatment is disputable. Operation is not final solution. The combined treatment is being tested (in clinical trials) in this study. This article argues that a combination of treatment is a better option than that of a specific treatment. However, there is a need to find new effective options for combined treatment., Akhat Bukenov, Elena Gizbrekht, Ergaly Shauenov, Bekzhan Orazbayev, Kalmurat Razzakov, and Literatura
Objective: to analyze main clinical-statistical indices of spine and spinal cord injuries (SCI) and system of organization of medical aid to the victims. We conducted a cohort retrospective study of materials of medical institutions of Tashkent city. Medical records of patients and records of forensic examinations were analyzed. 242 cases of spinal cord injuries were studied. Over the last 10 years in Tashkent the frequency of SCI have been tend to increase, males and working-age people are dominated. In 60.9% of cases the injury was associated, in 36.2% - isolated, and in 2.9% - combined. Fallings from height and road traffic accidents were the main reasons for getting SCI. Lesions at cervical level registered in 45% of cases, thoracic level - 27.3%, at lumbar level - 27.7%, respectively. According to ASIA/IMSOP, full injuries were noted in 40.1% of cases, incomplete injures were in 59.9%. Overall mortality from SCI was 68.6%. study allowed to get in detail the clinical and statistical indicators of SCI in the region., Rukhulla Zabikhullaevich Khikmatullaev, Alisher Iskandarovich Iskandarov, Dildora Zabikhullaevna Khakimova, and Literatura
Cíl studie: Cílem studie bylo zjištění vztahů mezi manifestací tinnitu, nálezem na sluchových evokovaných potenciálech a genetickým pozadím u receptoru pro gamaaminomáselnou kyselinu typu A (GABA(A) receptor), podporující desinhibiční hypotézu vzniku tinnitu. Soubor a metodika: Bylo vyšetřeno 131 pacientů z hlediska sluchové ztráty, provedena kvantifikace tinnitu, sluchové evokované potenciály střední latence (MLR) a kmenové sluchové evokované potenciály (BAEP) a dále stanovení genotypu (CA)n repetitivní sekvence pro beta‑3 podjednotku GABA(A) receptoru. Následně byly hledány vztahy mezi jednotlivými výsledky a manifestací tinnitu. Výsledky: Byla nalezena korelace tinnitus skóre s amplitudovým poměrem vln V/III v BAEP (R = 0,22, p < 0,001) a s průměrným sluchovým prahem (R = 0,22, p = 0,17). Rovněž byla nalezena korelace tinnitus skóre s amplitudou vlny PA v MLR (R = 0,31–0,37; p < 0,001). Výsledky MLR neukázaly žádný vztah k průměrnému sluchovému prahu. U skupiny s kratší anamnézou tinnitu (méně než devět měsíců) byl prokázán rozdíl v manifestaci tinnitu na genotypu pro (CA)n repetitivní sekvenci genu pro beta‑3 podjednotku GABA(A) receptoru (p = 0,002). Tento výsledek byl rovněž konzistentní s rozložením amplitudy vlny PA v dané subpopulaci. Závěr: Tyto výsledky svědčí o existenci dvou hlavních regulačních mechanizmů vzniku tinnitu: první, který je závislý na velikosti sluchové ztráty, je na úrovni mozkového kmene, zatímco druhý je na úrovni korové s možnou souvislostí s genotypem (CA)n repetitivní sekvence pro beta‑3 podjednotku GABA(A) receptoru., Study aim:Study objective was to explore associations between manifestation of tinnitus, auditory evoked potentials and genetic background of gamma‑aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A) receptors) to support the disinhibited feedback hypothesis of tinnitus generation. Materials and methods: A population of 131 patients was assessed for severity of hearing loss, quantification of tinnitus, mid‑latency responses (MLR) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and (CA)n tandem repeat polymorphism in GABA(A) Beta‑3 subunit gene to establish any correlation with manifestation of tinnitus. Results: It was observed that tinnitus score correlates with V/III amplitude ratio in BAEP (R = 0.22, p < 0.001) and with mean pure tone audiometry (PTA) threshold (R = 0.22, p = 0.017). Analysis of the MLR results showed a significant correlation between the PA wave amplitude and the tinnitus score (R = 0.31–0.37; p < 0.001). MLR result analysis showed no statistically significant correlation between the wave amplitudes and the mean auditory threshold. An analysis of a subgroup with shorter clinical history (less than nine months) revealed a statistically significant difference in the tinnitus score in relation to the genotype of (CA)n tandem repeat of the GABRß3 receptor subunit gene (p = 0.002). This result was also consistent with the distribution of the PA wave amplitude in the given subpopulation. Conclusion: Our findings indicate existence of two main regulatory mechanisms of tinnitus generation: first, the brainstem mechanism is dependent on the severity of the hearing loss; second, the cortical mechanism is likely to be dependent on the genotype of (CA)n tandem repeat in GABA(A) beta‑3 subunit gene., and J. Rottenberg, M. Zallmann, R. Kostrica, M. Jurajda, T. Talach
BACKGROUND: The current treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) consists of performing periodic whole blood phlebotomies. Erythrocytapheresis (EA) can remove up to three times more red blood cells per single procedure and could thus have a clinical benefit. A prospective study of 30 consecutive cases of HH were included in a periodic EA program. METHODS AND PATIENTS: EA were performed using a discontinuous flow cell separators. The protocol consisted of a bimonthly EA until normalization of the serum ferritin was reached. The aim was to reduce the total erythrocyte volume by 25-35%, eventually, to adjust the amount so that hematocrit would not drop below 0.25. RESULTS: 530 +/- 101 ml of erythrocytes were removed (median 517, range 116-761 ml). Iron depletion (ferritin < 20 microg/l) was achieved in all patients after a mean 6.9 +/- 7.6 months, median 5 months, range 1-36 months and a mean 14 EA sessions. The procedures were well tolerated and there were no severe side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that HH patients treated with EA achieved iron depletion quickly under good conditions of tolerance. The efficacy, speed, tolerability, and more favorable schedule of an EA program facilitate treatment of HH. and V. Rehácek, M. Bláha, H. Jirousová, J. Cernohorská, P. Papousek
Úvod: Efekt kyanoakrylátových lepidel byl opakovaně hodnocen u resekcí jater, plic a dalších orgánů, ale minimálně u resekcí ledvin. Cílem bylo zhodnocení užití kyanoakrylátového tkáňového lepidla u otevřené a laparoskopické resekce ledviny. Metoda: Byl hodnocen soubor 32 pacientů, kteří podstoupili resekci ledvin s ošetřením resekované plochy kyanoakrylátovým lepidlem. Dvacet tři pacientů prodělalo laparoskopickou resekci a 9 pacientů otevřenou. Byly hodnoceny operační výsledky, komplikace a onkologické výsledky. Výsledky: Medián doby sledování byl 46 měsíců. Průměrná doba byla u otevřené resekce 104 minut a u laparoskopické 157 minut, krevní ztráty byly 250 a 184 ml. Nebyla zaznamenána žádná závažná operační komplikace. Ve sledovaném souboru nebylo zaznamenáno úmrtí ani recidiva nádoru v tříletém pooperačním sledovaném období. Závěr: Hemostáza kyanoakrylátovým lepidlem Glubran II se jevila jako účinná a bezpečná u resekce ledvin. Na druhou stranu zvyšuje náklady na operaci a není nezbytná. Klíčová slova: parciální nefrektomie − laparoskopická resekce ledvin − kyanoakrylátové tkáňové lepidlo, Introduction: The effect of cyanoacrylate glues was repeatedly evaluated in resections of liver, lungs and others organs, but minimally in kidney resection. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of cyanoacrylate tissue glue in open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Method: We evaluated a cohort of 32 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy with treatment of the resected area using cyanoacrylate glue. Laparoscopic resection was done in 23 patients, while 9 patients underwent an open procedure. Surgical results, complications and oncologic results were assessed. Results: The median follow-up duration was 46 months. The mean time of open partial nephrectomy was 104 minutes and that of laparoscopic resection was 154 minutes; blood losses reached 250 ml and 184 ml, respectively. No serious complications occurred, and all patients survived the 3-year follow-up without any tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Hemostasis using the cyanoacrylate glue Glubran II was effective and safe. On the other hand, it increased the costs of the surgery and was not necessary. Key worlds: partial nephrectomy − laparoscopic resection of kidney − cyanoacrylate tissue glue, and J. Košina, J. Pacovský, P. Hušek, L. Holub, M. Broďák
Cardiac surgery is inseparably linked to the activation of innate immunity cells recognizing danger signals of both endogenous and exogenous origin via pattern recognition receptors such as TLR receptors. Therefore, we followed by flow cytometry TLR2 and TLR4 expression on blood monocytes and granulocytes of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using beating heart surgery (off-pump, n = 34), with use of standard cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), (on-pump, n = 30), and miniinvasive CPB (mini on-pump, n = 25), respectively, before, during surgery, and up to 7th postoperative day. TLR2 and TLR4 expression both on monocytes and granulocytes was significantly diminished already at the end of CPB being highly significantly decreased at the end of surgery in all patients' groups. TLR2 and TLR4 expression reached preoperative value at the 1st postoperative day being significantly higher at the 3rd postoperative day. Using intracellular staining we found the peak of TLR2 and TLR4 expression inside of monocytes and granulocytes at the first postoperative day in a subgroup of on-pump patients. In conclusion, TLR2 and TLR4 expression is significantly modulated in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting as a part of adaptive homeostatic mechanisms induced by major surgery. The very surgical trauma is responsible for TLR2 and TLR4 modulation. Surprisingly, cardiopulmonary bypass itself was little contributing to the modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 expression. and J. Krejsek, M. Kolácková, J. Mand'ák, P. Kunes, Z. Holubcová, D. Holmannová, M. AbuAttieh, C. Andrýs
Kontinuální tvorba výpotků jakékoliv etiologie zásadním způsobem ovlivňuje kvalitu života nemocných. Akumulace tekutiny v pleurální dutině postupně komprimuje plicní parenchym. Prvním příznakem bývá progrese námahové dušnosti, později se přidává i klidová dušnost. S nárůstem výpotku dochází ke kompresi plicního parenchymu s rozvojem plicní atelektázy. Nemocný je ohrožen vznikem zánětového onemocnění plic v nevzdušném plicním parenchymu. U diagnózy maligního onemocnění je riziko zánětových komplikací výrazně vyšší vzhledem k předchozí chemoterapii či radioterapii, která zásadním způsobem snižuje imunitu. Opakovaná tvorba výpotku se výrazně podílí na rozvoji terminálního stavu nádorové kachexie. Efektivní metodou léčby je chemická pleurodéza, která se užívá u vybraného spektra nemocných. Principem je navození aseptické pleuritidy. Nejefektivnější cestou aplikace léčiva je videotorakoskopie. V souboru bylo 47 nemocných, 29 (61,7 %) mužů a 18 (38,3 %) žen, s cytologicky prokázaným recidivujícím maligním pleurálním výpotkem. Věkové rozmezí 42–80 let, Ø věk 65 let. Cílem práce bylo objektivizovat průběh celkových a lokálních zánětových změn po talkáži. Efekt léčby nebyl ovlivněn základním typem nádorového onemocnění. U obou skupin nebyly významně odlišné pooperační komplikace, což dokládá bezpečnost zvolené metody a podporuje správně zvolený algoritmus léčby., Continuous pleural effusion production of any aetiology can significantly affect the quality of patients life. Chronic effusion accumulation in the pleural cavity can lead to lung parenchyma compression. The first symptom of this entity is a progressive exertional dyspnea, which can later turn in dyspnea at rest. With the increase of the pleural effusion volume, pulmonary atelectasis can develop due to chronic parenchycha compression. The patient is at risk of inflamatory complications from the territory of non-ventilated parenchyma. Patients with a diagnosis of malignant disease have this risk considerably higher due to their previous chemotherapy or radiation, which substantially affect the immunity system. Repeated pleural effusion formation can significantly take part in the development of the terminal status of cancer cachexia. An effective method of palliative treatment is a chemical pleurodesis, which is used in selected patients. The principle is inducing aseptic inflammation. The most effective way of application is via videothoracoscopy. In a group of 47 patients, there were 29 (61.7 %) men and 18 (38.3 %) women with cytologically diagnosed recurrent malignant pleural. The age ranged between 42 and 80 with average age of 65 years. The aim was to assess the course of local and systemic inflammatory changes after talc application. The effect of treatment was not influenced by the type of malignancy . In both groups there was no significant difference in postoperative complications. This proves the safety of the selected procedure and also supports the correctness of the chosen algorithm of treatment., Petr Habal, Nedal Omran, Karolina Jankovičová, Kateřina Kondělková, Jan Krejsek, Jiří Manďák, and Literatura
The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of total hip arthroplasty in patients with Parkinson's disease during a period of five years, focusing on the assessment of the risks and benefits of surgery. During this period we performed total hip arthroplasty in 14 patients (15 hips) with Parkinson's disease. Patients were evaluated by subjective symptoms and objective findings, with a focus on the use of support while walking and walking distance, severity of Parkinson's disease before surgery and at the time of the last follow-up. During the postoperative period, the following parameters were assessed: length of ICU stay, mobilization, complications, the total duration of hospitalization and follow-up care after discharge. Of the 11 patients (12 hips) followed-up 1-5 years with an average of 3 years after operation 8 cases showed progression of neurological disability. 5 patients (6 hips) showed an increased dependence on the use of support when walking and reduced distance that the patient was able to walk. Subjectively, 10 hip joints were completely painless and 2 patients complained of only occasional mild pain in the operated hip. Complications that were encountered were urinary tract infection (5 patients), cognitive impairment (3 patients) and pressure ulcer (2 patients). We did not observe any infection or dislocation of the prosthesis. Three patients fell and fractured the femur and 3 patients in our cohort died during follow up. Implantation of total replacement is possible with judicious indication after careful evaluation of neurological finding in patients with minimal or mild functional impairment of the locomotor system. Prerequisite for a good result is precise surgical technique and optimal implant position with balanced tension of the muscles and other soft tissues around the hip. and PG. Mathew, P. Sponer, T. Kucera, M. Grinac, J. Knízek
Úvod: Cílem tohoto článku je prezentovat naše zkušenosti s transanální endoskopickou mikrochirurgií (TEM) jako jedním ze základních operačních přístupů k selektovaným pacientům s nádory konečníku. Metody: Retrospektivně jsme vyhodnocovali soubor 80 pacientů, u kterých byla pro nádor konečníku provedena operační léčba pomocí TEM. U těchto pacientů jsme sledovali a statisticky vyhodnocovali konkrétní předoperační a pooperační ukazatele, které bychom chtěli prezentovat: předoperační bioptické vyšetření a pooperační výsledek histologického vyšetření, velikost nádoru a jeho uložení v konečníku, hloubku resekce a hodnocení základních demografických ukazatelů. Výsledky: Z našich zkušeností u zmíněných pacientů vyplývá, že není významný rozdíl mezi věkem operovaných mužů a žen ani při rozlišení na benigní a maligní nádory. Nejčastěji operovanými pacienty byli muži, průměrně ve věku 64 let, kteří byli primárně vyšetřeni pro krvácení z konečníku. Nejčastějším nálezem byl low-grade adenom, který byl potvrzen i v definitivním resekátu. Celkem u 17 pacientů byl nalezen v definitivním histologickém vyšetření maligní tumor, který nebyl zachycen předoperačně. Závěr: V rukách zkušeného chirurga představuje TEM reálnou možnost provedení radikální resekce i maligního, lokálně nepokročilého nádoru konečníku, pokud je v dosahu operačního rektoskopu. TEM je metodou bezpečnou, bez negativního vlivu na funkce análních svěračů. Vzhledem k možnosti falešně negativního předoperačního histologického vyšetření preferujeme radikální odstranění nádoru s celou šířkou stěny konečníku. I když optimální lokalizace pro použití operačního rektoskopu je na zadní straně konečníku, téměř u poloviny našich pacientů se tyto nádory vyskytovaly na stěně přední. Vzhledem k technické proveditelnosti sutury stěny rekta je vhodné, aby báze tumoru nepřesahovala polovinu obvodu konečníku. Technika TEM je vhodná zejména pro nízce uložené, nestenotizující, lokálně nepokročilé nádory konečníku. Naše dobré výsledky jsou dány především přísnou selekcí pacientů, technickým zvládnutím operačního postupu a letitými zkušenostmi., Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to present our experience with transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) as an operative approach in a selected group of patients with rectal tumours. Methods: We present a retrospective study of 80 patients operated for rectal tumour using TEM. Specific preoperative and postoperative indicators were gathered and statistically evaluated. We assessed histological examination before the surgery and definitive histology of the resected tumour, resection depth and basic demographic data of our patients. Results: Our experience suggests that there is no significant difference between the age of patients according to sex, even if malignant and benign tumours are assessed separately. The majority of our operated patients were male patients, mean age of 64 years who were primarily referred to our department because of bleeding low-grade adenomas of the rectum. In 17 patients a malignant tumour was diagnosed based on final histopathologic examination. None of them had signs of malignancy before the surgery. Conclusion: In the hands of an experienced surgeon, TEM is a feasible option of radical removal of rectal, locally not advanced malignancies if within reach of TEM rectoscope. TEM is a safe procedure that does not result in any alteration of rectal sphincter functions. Possible false negative preoperative benign diagnosis leads us to approach radical removal of the tumour with full wall thickness resection. Although the posterior aspect of the rectum is an optimal location for the rectoscope, anterior tumours were found in almost one half of our patients. Considering technical feasibility of the rectal wall suture, the base of the tumour should not extend beyond one half of the rectal circumference. Low non-stenotising noninvasive tumours of the rectum are suitable for TEM. Our good results are particularly due to strict patient selection criteria, mastering the operating technique and long-time experience., and O. Robek, V. Čan, T. Svoboda, B. Hemmelová, Z. Kala, R. Hrivnák