The present paper concerns long-term 3D monitoring of active fault structures in the Krupnik-Kresna seismic zone, SW Bulgaria with the use of extensometers TM71. The purpose is to establish the real rates of fault movements in the most seismically active area in Bulgaria. Three points were installed (B6 on Krupnik Fault, and K5 and K12 on Struma Fault), which indicate a recent activity. The fault movements are characteristic with “calm” periods, linear slips, accelerations and sudden displacements. Different regimes of dynamics have been established corresponding to different periods. The greatest dynamics is found at monitoring point B6 along Krupnik Fault: for the whole period of observation the trends are calculated as left lateral slip with 1.88 mm/a and a thrusting with 1.59 mm/a with high correlation coefficients. Co-seismic displacements from local and distant earthquakes were recorded. The significant impact was from M=7.4, 17 August, 1999, Izmit Earthquake, Turkey, showing a shortening of 8.34 mm, a right-lateral slip of 5.09 mm and a thrusting of 0.96 mm. After that, for a short period of time the regime of movement on fault was changed. Movements on the Struma system reveal lower rates. Both points show left-lateral movements, 0.28 mm/a at K5 and 0.09 mm/a at K12, and thrusting with 0.11 mm/a at K5 and 0.72 mm/a at K12., Nikolai Dobrev., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Five species of acanthocephalans of the family Centrorhynchidae are recorded from birds in Bulgaria: Centrorhynchus amphihius Das, 1950 from Buteo buteo (L.) (new host record), C. glohocaudatus (Zeder. 1800) Luhe, 1911 from Falco tin-nunculus L. and F. vespertinus L, (new host record), Sphaerimstris picae (Rudolphi, 1819) Golvan, 1960 from Pica pica (L.) and Lanius excuhitor L. (new host record), S. lancea (Westrumb, 1821) Golvan, 1960 from Vanellus vanellus (L.), and S. turili (Yamaguti, 1939) Golvan, 1960 from Turdus merula L„ Cinclus cinclus (L.) (new host record) and Stumus vulgaris L. (new host record). New geographical record for Europe is this of C. amphihius, and for Bulgaria - this of S. lurdi. The species are described and figured on the basis of Bulgarian specimens. Sphaerimstris picae is recognized as a valid species and S. teres is considered its synonym. A male of S. picae with a copulatory cap is reported.
The cold hardiness of individuals from overwintering populations of a freeze susceptible bug Pyrrhocoris apterus from central and southern Europe differed significantly. Supercooling point (SCP) correlated well with both lethal temperature (LT50) and lethal time (Lt50), and is agood index of cold hardiness of adults during and after diapause. In January, diapause terminated, but cold hardiness was similar to that recorded in November; cold hardiness decreased slightly in March and markedly in May. Short exposure (less than a week) to higher temperatures before termination of diapause did not reduce the cold hardiness. Cold hardiness did not closely follow air temperatures.The Bulgarian bugs retained lower cold hardiness regardless of acclimation to harsh field conditions in the Czech Republic. The interpopulation difference is therefore a heritable character representing an adjustment to local climates.
The text presents transliteration of the manuscript written by Barbora Čížková who was born and lived in the only Czech village in Bulgaria, Vojvodovo, till the remigration to the Czechoslovakia after WW II. In her text, named “History of the Čížek and Karbula families”, the events are mentioned that are related to the Czech Vojvodovo community in a broad time-span from the foundation of the village in 1900 till the situation of the community in Czechoslovakia after the remigration in 1948-1950. Although history of Vojvodovo is rather known, this is the first time when it is thematised by a member of the given community. The transliteration of the Čížková's manuscript is supplemented by explanatory notes and a short introduction to the phenomenon of Vojvodovo.
Dictyterina cholodkowskii (Skrjabin, 1914) is recorded from iMnius collurio L. in Bulgaria (new geographical record). The species is redescribed and figured. A full list of synonyms is presented; it includes, among the other synonyms, Deltokeras delachauxi Hsii, 1935 (new synonym), Biulerina passerina of Oshmarin (1963) and Paruterina parallelipipeda of Paspalev and Paspaleva (1972). A survey of published records characterizes D. cholodkowskii as limited to the Palaearctic in six species of the genus Lanius (Aves, Passeriformes, Laniidae).
Diet composition of the golden jackal (Canis aureus, L.) in Bulgaria, where the largest jackal population in Europe occurs, has been studied by scat analysis in a typical and newly occupied agricultural environment. The study was carried out during late summer and early autumn, a period when small mammal density is high. The food of the jackal typically consisted of small-sized and wild-living prey species. Rodents have been found to represent the primary food of the jackal (biomass estimation: 59.3 %, mainly Microtus spp.), and the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus, 20.1 %) and plants (19.7 %, mainly fruits) are secondary foods. Other prey, such as birds (mainly passerines), reptiles and invertebrates had been consumed in a low biomass ratio. No remains of wild ungulate and domestic animals have been detected in the studied scats.
The article deals with the situation of Bulgarian ethnology at the
beginning of the 21st century. It addresses three main forms of
institutionalised ethnology: the relevant department of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, university departments and ethnographic museums. The first institution of this type was the National Ethnographic Museumin Sofia (1906). In 1947, an independent ethnographic institute was founded as apart of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the present-day Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum. The text describe in detail this academic institution, summarises its main research activities and mentions examples of past projects. In addition, it references the ongoing “ethnology versus anthropology” debate. The academic discipline of ethnology in Bulgaria has lately suffered financial difficulties and is largely dependent on international and national grants.