Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed in
the development of pregnancy complications, including
endothelial dysfunction, an inflammatory pathway and oxidative
stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the
correlation between proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and
dual cytokine IL-10 in the mother’s peripheral blood and systolic
blood pressure, risk of preeclampsia and low birth weight in
gestational diabetes (GDM). We observed 40 women with GDM
divided into a gestational hypertension group (n=20) and
comparison group (n=20) with normal blood pressure. We found
a significant positive correlation between TNF-α; IL-6; IL-10
levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the second trimester
(p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001); the third trimester (p<0.001;
p<0.001; p<0.05). We also proved correlations for diastolic blood
pressure (DBP) during the second; third trimester (p<0.001;
p<0.001; p<0.001); (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.0015). We
demonstrated a statistically significant positive association
between high TNF-α group and preeclampsia risk in the third
trimester (p=0.04). We also determined the negative correlation
in the second trimester between birth weight and TNF-α; IL-6,
IL-10 levels (p<0.05; p<0.001; p<0.001). To conclude, our data
highlight the importance of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in
blood pressure regulation. In addition, high levels of TNF-α have
been associated with increased risk of preeclampsia. We found
a significant negative correlation between levels of TNF-α, IL-6,
IL-10 and birth weight.