Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is severe medicalcondition
occurring in critically ill patients and with mortality of 33-52 % is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients. To better understand pathophysiology of ARDS and to verify novel therapeutical approaches a reliable animal model is needed. Therefore we have developed modified
lavage model of ARDS in the pig. After premedication (ketamine and midazolam)35 healthy pigs were anesthetized (propofol, midazolam,
morphin, pipecuronium) and orotracheally intubated and ventilated. Primary
ARDS was induced by repeated cycles of lunglavage with a detergent Triton X100 diluted in saline (0.03 %) heated to 37 °C preceded by pre
-oxygenation with 100 % O2. Single cycle included two subsequent lavages
followed by detergent suction. Eachcyclewas followed by hemodynamic
andventilation stabilization for approx. 15 min, with eventualadministration of vasopressors according to an arterial bloodpressure. The lavage procedure
was repeated until the paO2/FiO2index after stabilization remained below 100 at PEEP 5 cm H2O. In 33 pigs we have achieved the desired degree
of severe ARDS(PaO2/FiO2<100). Typical number of lavages was 2-3 (min. 1,max.5). Hemodynamictolerance and the need for vasopressors
were strongly individual. In remainingtwo animalsan unmanageable hypotension developed. For other subjects theexperimental ARDS stability was good and allowed reliablemeasurement for more than 10 h. The
present model of theARDS is clinically relevant and thus it is suitable for further research of the pathophysiology and management of this serious
medical condition.
The expression of aquaporins (AQPs ) in the fetal porcine urinary tract and its relation to gestational age has not been established. Tissue samples from the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra were obtained from porcine fetuses. Samples were examined by RT-PCR (AQPs 1-11 ), QPCR (AQPs positive on RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry. Bladder samples were additionally examined by Western blotting. RNA was extracted from 76 tissue samples obtained from 19 fetuses. Gestational age was 60 (n=11) or 100 days (n=8). PCR showed that AQP1, 3, 9 and 11 mRNA was expressed in all locations. The expression of AQP3 increased significantly at all four locations with gestational age, whereas AQP11 significantly decreased. AQP1 expression increased in the ureter, bladder and urethra. AQP9 mRNA expression increased in the urethra and bladder, but decreased in the ureter. AQP5 was expressed only in the urethra. Immunohistochemistry showed AQP1 staining in sub-urothelial vessels at all locations. Western blotting analysis confirmed increased AQP1 protein levels in bladder samples during gestation. Expression levels of AQP1, 3, 5, 9 and 11 in the urinary tract change during gestation, and further studies are needed to provide insights into normal and pathophysiological water handling mechanisms in the fetus., L. K. Jakobsen, K. F. Trelborg, P. S. Kingo, S. Høyer, K.-E. Andersson, J. C. Djurhuus, R. Nørregaard, L. H. Olsen., and Seznam literatury
Escherichia coli (2x104 bacteria) of the non-pathogenic O86 strain or enteropathogenic O55 strain were administered into the pig amniotic cavity at 79 to 86 days of gestation for six or ten hours. Translocation of bacteria into fetal lungs was confirmed by cultivation as well as by light and electron microscopy. Infection caused an influx of macrophages that were immunostained in cryostat sections by monoclonal antibody recognizing calprotectin., I. Šplíchal, I. Trebichavský, A. Šplíchalová, L. Dítětová, M. Zahradníčková., and Obsahuje bibliografii