Tento článek se zabývá institutem informovaného souhlasu, zásadního právního i etického institutu v oblasti medicíny. Zkoumána je jeho etymologie, jeho ontologický status, jeho normativní síla a konečně i jeho charakteru jako komunikačního aktu. Text má prokázat tezi, že informovaný souhlas je komunikačním aktem - nikoliv pouhým mentálním stavem - který má za určitých podmínek normativní sílu. Tato normativní síla se plně projeví pouze v případě splnění základních podmínek: dostatečného poučení, dostatečného porozumění, svobodné a vážné vůle a kompetence pacienta., This article deals with the institute of informed consent, a fundamental legal and ethical institute in the field of medicine. Its etymology, ontological status, its normative power and, finally, its character as a communication act are studied. The text shows that informed consent is a communicative act - not just an inner mental state and that it has significant normative power. This normative power is manifesting itself only when certain conditions are met: sufficient disclosure, sufficient understanding, voluntariness and competence of the patient., and Adam Doležal.
The paper begins with the question of the participation of human subjects in biomedical research, pointing a way from the first principle of the Belmont Report towards the concept of autonomy as expressed by informed consent. From the use of informed consent in experimental medicine, the paper then moves to the application of informed consent in clinical practice. Further, the paper outlines the cultural and philosophical context of the transformation of medicine into biomedicine from the perspective of human subject research, discussing the concept which has played the key role in the ethical framework of both experimental and clinical medicine in the Czech Republic. Finally the paper provides some critical notes on the concept of informed consent and its practice in Czech healthcare., Josef Kuře., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
In the conception of modern bioethics, the concept of autonomy plays a dominant role. Contemporary bioethical discourse in many cases glorifies an approach founded on this principle, and it seems that its role in moral conduct in applied bioethics is considered to be the key to salvation. This article attempts, to a certain extent, to relativise the dominant principle of autonomy, especially in medical ethics, even if it does not deny its indispensability. It points, however, to particular practical aspects which respect for the principle of autonomy, especially in the doctor-patient relation, can influence in a negative way, or can quite negate. As the basic antithesis to theories which found their priority on the axiom of respect to autonomy, the author then presents paternalistic and neo-paternalistic concepts in bioethics which find support, above all, in the principle of beneficence. The argument in this article necessarily demands an outline of the basic properties of paternalism and autonomy. For this reason the article especially focuses on models of the relationships between doctor and patient, that is on medical ethics in the narrow sense., Adam Doležal., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Tento článek se zabývá problematikou způsobilosti nezletilých k udělení souhlasu s poskytováním zdravotních služeb. První část článku se věnuje problematice posouzení vyspělosti nezletilých a jejich schopnosti činit samostatná rozhodnutí. Dále článek přináší krátkou komparativní část, která v obecné rovině popisuje přístupy jednotlivých států k problematice udělení souhlasu s poskytováním zdravotních služeb. Následně je pak analyzována česká právní úprava způsobilosti nezletilých k udělení souhlasu s poskytováním zdravotních služeb a důsledky této úpravy pro praxi., This article is focused on the examination of the law concerning medical treatment of minors, that is, persons under the age of 18. The first part of this article discusses whether persons under the age of 18 may be regarded as being capable of consenting to medical treatment and the problem of the maturity. Further this article brings short comparative overview of the laws concerning medical treatment of minors in different countries. And finally the last part analyzes the capacity to consent of the minors under the current Czech laws., and Tomáš Doležal.