The inconsistency of data regarding intrauterine programming of cardiovascular risk factors may be largely caused by genetic predisposition and later lifestyle. We analyzed whether low birth weight and apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism participate in the onset of hypercholesterolemia in children. Our approach was based on hypothesis that genetically enhanced susceptibility of different individuals might influence the effects of intrauterine programming. Two groups were selected from 2000 children at the beginning of an ongoing study: high-cholesterol group (HCG, n=67) and low-cholesterol group as a control (LCG, n=72). Both groups were divided into tertilles according to birth weight and we compared birth weight and apo E gene polymorphism between and within groups. The birth weight in HCG was 0.3 kg lower than the controls (p<0. 001). The frequency of apoE4 was 31 % in HCG and only 10 % in LCG. The frequency of apoE4+ genotypes was not significantly different between tertilles based on birth weight in HCG. We suppose that intrauterine undernutrition, demonstrated by a lower birth weight, participates in the development of hypercholesterolemia already in childhood. The effects of low birth weight and the candidate gene - apoE, are synergic., P. Szitányi, H. Pistulková, J. A. Hubáček, H. Stuchlíková, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed in
the development of pregnancy complications, including
endothelial dysfunction, an inflammatory pathway and oxidative
stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the
correlation between proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and
dual cytokine IL-10 in the mother’s peripheral blood and systolic
blood pressure, risk of preeclampsia and low birth weight in
gestational diabetes (GDM). We observed 40 women with GDM
divided into a gestational hypertension group (n=20) and
comparison group (n=20) with normal blood pressure. We found
a significant positive correlation between TNF-α; IL-6; IL-10
levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the second trimester
(p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001); the third trimester (p<0.001;
p<0.001; p<0.05). We also proved correlations for diastolic blood
pressure (DBP) during the second; third trimester (p<0.001;
p<0.001; p<0.001); (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.0015). We
demonstrated a statistically significant positive association
between high TNF-α group and preeclampsia risk in the third
trimester (p=0.04). We also determined the negative correlation
in the second trimester between birth weight and TNF-α; IL-6,
IL-10 levels (p<0.05; p<0.001; p<0.001). To conclude, our data
highlight the importance of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in
blood pressure regulation. In addition, high levels of TNF-α have
been associated with increased risk of preeclampsia. We found
a significant negative correlation between levels of TNF-α, IL-6,
IL-10 and birth weight.
It is believed that atherogenesis is a multifactorial process, which could already start in utero. Development of atherosclerosis progresses over decades and leads to the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. At present, we have no exact explanation for all the risk factors acting in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This review should provide an overview about the possible role of intrauterine undernutrition in the development of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Intrauterine undernutrition leads to changes in fetal growth and metabolism and programs later development of some of these risk factors. A number of experimental and human studies indicates that hypertension as well as impaired cholesterol and glucose metabolism are affected by intrauterine growth. Intrauterine undernutrition plays an important role and acts synergistically with numerous genetic and environmental factors in the development of atherosclerosis. There is evidence that undernutrition of the fetus has permanent effects on the health status of human individuals., P. Szitányi, J. Janda, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii