The paper presents the results of the study of the sediments deposition process in a settling basin by using a k-ε turbulence model. The results obtained are than compared with the results obtained by using 1 and 2 D mathematical models and field measurements. In the first step, the settling basin is designed based on the formulae recommended by classical approach. The transition zone at the entrance of settling basin is then adjusted to satisfy more uniform flow at the beginning of the active zone. The flow velocity variation and bed shear stress distribution over the cross section area are furthermore analyzed and questions suggesting further development of mathematical models are identified. For the second step, a schematized settling basin is then modelled in three-dimensional laterally confined model for the purpose of dealing with turbulences that potentially bring more sediment to the side and to the end of settling basin. Finally, recommendations for the design of settling basin are given by analyzing the results obtained by both mathematical and empirical methods. By comparison of the results obtained and field measurements made in Indonesia, useful design recommendations are derived. and Príspevok obsahuje výsledky štúdia sedimentačného procesu v usadzovacej nádrži s využitím modelu turbulencie k-ε. Takto získané výsledky sú porovnané s tými, ktoré boli získané pomocou jedno- a dvojdimenzionálneho modelu a s terénnymi meraniami. Najskôr bol sedimentačný bazén navrhnutý pomocou klasických vzorcov. Prechodová zóna a vstup do usadzovacieho bazénu bol potom upravený tak, aby zabezpečil relatívne homogénne prúdenie na začiatku aktívnej zóny. Boli analyzované zmeny rýchlosti prúdenia a rozdelenie trecích napätí na dne v priečnych rezoch koryta a boli identifikované problémy, ktoré by umožnili ďalší vývoj matematických modelov tohto javu. V ďalšom kroku bol modelovaný schematizovaný usadzovací bazén ako trojrozmerný, na oboch stranách ohraničený model, aby sa dalo manipulovať s turbulenciou, ktorá by mohla potenciálne dopraviť viac sedimentov na strany a na koniec sedimentačnej nádrže. Nakoniec uvádzame odporúčania pre návrh sedimentačných nádrží, vychádzajúc z výsledkov využitia matematických aj emprických metód. Porovnaním týchto výsledkov s výsledkami terénnych meraní v Indonézii boli navrhnuté užitočné odporúčania.
Studies of insect population under field conditions to establish survival rates, longevity and dispersal rates are rare in the literature. These types of studies are important and can be used to inform studies of the effects of landscape composition and configuration on levels of biodiversity. Here the Cantharidae beetle, Rhagonycha fulva is studied under field conditions to derive estimates of daily survival rates for both males and females as well as local dispersal rates. Survival was studied at two sites, one in Wales and another in England, whilst dispersal was examined only at the Welsh site. Beetles were marked using different coloured enamel paints at the mid-point of a 200 m linear transect. The beetles were almost exclusively found (and marked) on common hogweed, Heracleum sphondylium. No difference in survival was found between males and females at both of the sites. The survival rates found at the two sites also did not differ. The overall daily survival rate was 0.771 equating with a median longevity of 4.37 days. Casual observations yielded a small number of marked individuals in excess of 400 m away from the point of marking. Movement of males along the transect differed from females. Marked females were never found far from the point of marking whilst males moved further away with time. This difference in behaviour is discussed in terms of hypothesized insect dispersal behaviour following emergence as mobile adults., Laura E. Rodwell, Jennifer J. Day, Christopher W. Foster, Graham J. Holloway., and Obsahuje bibliografii