BACKGROUND: The goal of this prospective study was to determine the frequency of micrometastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx in whom elective neck dissection was indicated (cN0). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 12 patients (10 males and 2 females) were enrolled in the study. The age ranged 42-73 years (median 62 years). Elective neck dissection was performed in all patients (8 ipsilateral, 4 bilateral) and a total of 256 lymph nodes were removed and sent for microscopic examination. RESULTS: The presence of tumor cells in cervical lymph nodes was found in 5/12 (42%) patients. Micrometastases of SCC were found in two patients and isolated tumor cells (ITC) in two other patients. In the remaining one patient with oropharyngeal SCC, a micrometastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was detected. Positive lymph nodes were localized in level II in three patients with SCC of larynx, hypopharynx and tongue base, respectively, in level I in one patient with SCC of oral tongue and in level III in one patient with PTC. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that SCC of head and neck has a high potential for creating micrometastases which frequency is higher compared to clinically detected macrometastases. Therefore, elective neck dissection or radiotherapy of the neck should be considered in patients with high risk of occult metastases or micrometastases. and P. Čelakovský, D. Kalfeřt, K. Smatanová, V. Chrobok, J. Laco
AIM: The purpose of this study was to develop a revised version of the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test for determining penetration/aspiration risk in patients prone to dysphagia. The priority was to achieve high sensitivity and negative predictive value. METHODS: The study screeners conducted bedside assessment of the swallowing function in 157 patients with a neurological (mainly stroke) or an ear, nose, and throat diagnosis (mainly head and neck cancer). The results were compared with a gold standard, flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing. RESULTS: For the neurological subgroup (N = 106), eight statistically significant bedside assessment items were combined into the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test-Revised (BBDST-R). Cut-off score 1 produced the highest sensitivity (95.5%; 95% confidence interval CI [CI]: 84.9-98.7%) and negative predictive value (88.9%; 95% CI 67.2-96.9%). CONCLUSION: The BBDST-R is suitable for dysphagia screening in departments caring for patients with neurological conditions. and P. Mandysová, E. Ehler, J. Škvrňáková, M. Černý, I. Bártová, A. Pellant
Úvod: Komplexní protokol kvantitativního testování senzitivity (QST), zahrnující hodnocení široké škály modalit termické, algické, taktilní a vibrační cítivosti, je často využívaným nástrojem pro kvantifikaci senzitivity a hodnocení tzv. senzitivního profilu, zejména u pacientů s neuropatickou bolestí. Protokol obsahuje složité slovní instrukce, které je pro dosažení standardizovaného výstupu nutné přesně následovat, což implikuje nutnost validace jeho jazykových mutací. Soubor a metodika: Pomocí české verze standardizovaných slovních instrukcí ke komplexnímu QST protokolu bylo vyšetřeno 75 zdravých dobrovolníků, 68 pacientů s periferní neuropatickou bolestí při diabetické neuropatii a 59 jedinců s centrální neuropatickou bolestí při roztroušené skleróze, a to vždy na HKK i DKK. Pro hodnocení spolehlivosti bylo u 26 jedinců testování provedeno opakovaně (4×) s přibližně 30denními rozestupy mezi jednotlivými vyšetřeními. Výsledky: Vyšetření pomocí české verze komplexního QST protokolu bylo pro pacienty nenáročné či málo náročné. V souboru zdravých dobrovolníků spadalo 94 % zjištěných hodnot jednotlivých senzitivních parametrů na HKK a 95 % na DKK do rozsahu fyziologických nálezů podle publikovaných normativních dat. Alespoň jedna abnormita z hodnocených senzitivních modalit byla zachycena u 90 % pacientů s neuropatickou bolestí. Shluková analýza umožnila identifikaci dvou symptomových profilů, z nichž jeden většinově odpovídal bolestivé diabetické neuropatii a druhý centrální bolesti při roztroušené skleróze. Reliabilita jednotlivých modalit hodnocená pomocí Cronbachova alfa se pohybovala v rozmezí 0,593–0,926. Závěr: Česká jazyková verze komplexního QST protokolu prokázala velmi dobrou praktickou použitelnost pro hodnocení širokého spektra senzitivních abnormit a nízkou subjektivní náročnost vyšetření. Jedná se o spolehlivý test s vysokou vnitřní konzistencí a dobrou opakovatelností všech hodnocených parametrů., Background: Quantitative sensory testing (QST) following the protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS) is frequently used for the evaluation of sensory profi les in neuropathic pain patients. It covers a broad spectrum of sensory modalities using both nociceptive and non-nociceptive thermal and mechanical stimuli. The protocol requires the use of standardized instructions and thus necessitates validation of each language version. Material and methods: The standardized instructions for DFNS-QST protocol were translated using the forward-backward translation method and validated in a group of patients suffering from neuropathic pain of peripheral (n = 68) or central origin (n = 59) due to painful diabetic polyneuropathy or multiple sclerosis, and in a group of healthy volunteers (n = 75). The testing was repeated four times (with one-month interval between examinations) in 26 individuals to determine test-retest reliability. Results: In a group of healthy volunteers, 95% of values across all the parameters were within the physiological range based on published normal data. At least one sensory abnormity was found in 90% of neuropathic pain patients. Cluster analysis identified two distinctive pain profiles, the first mostly consisted of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy and the second of patients with pain in multiple sclerosis. Repeated administration confirmed an acceptable test-retest reliability (Cronbach´s alpha of 0.59–0.93 for the different sensory modalities). Conclusion: The Czech version of DFNS-QST protocol instructions displayed a good practical applicability in evaluating sensory abnormities in neuropathic pain patients, acceptable reliability and high internal consistency of the findings. The protocol provides results comparable to the original language version and can be recommended as an easy-to-apply and suitable testing method. Key words: neurological examination – sensory threshold – pain threshold – quantitative evaluation - neuropathic pain – diabetic neuropathy – multiple sclerosis The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and I. Šrotová, E. Vlčková, J. Straková, S. Kinclová, B. Adamová, L. Dušek, J. Jarkovský, J. Bednařík
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie realizovanej v rámci projektu podporeného APVV (Agentúra na podporu výskumu a vývoja) bola obsahová validácia ošetrovateľskej diagnózy Narušená pamäť a identifikácia definujúcich charakteristík v podmienkach českej a slovenskej praxe. Metodika: Na validáciu sme vybrali Diagnostic Content Validity Model (model DCV) podľa Fehringa. Za expertov sme považovali sestry, ktoré získali minimálne 4 body podľa modifikovaných Fehringových kritérií. Experti posudzovali významnosť definujúcich charakteristík ošetrovateľskej diagnózy v pripravenom validačnom hárku. Obsahoval 10 definujúcich charakteristík ošetrovateľskej diagnózy, 4 položky z nástroja MMSE (Folsteinov test, Mini-Mental State Examination) a 2 neutrálne položky. Súbor expertov tvorilo 94 českých a 154 slovenských sestier. Výsledky: Za hlavné definujúce charakteristiky (vážené skóre, VS viac ako 0,75) považovali experti tie, ktoré súvisia s jednotlivými fázami pamäti (recepcia, retencia, reprodukcia). V českom a slovenskom súbore expertov boli výsledky rovnaké a sú porovnateľné so zisteniami iných autorov. Záver: Experti nepovažovali všetky definujúce charakteristiky za rovnako významné, podobne ako v iných štúdiách v rámci projektu APVV. Určitý podiel zohralo zloženie samotného súboru expertov, ktorý naplnil iba spodnú hranicu kritérií na experta (6 bodov) a absencia štandardizovanej ošetrovateľskej terminológie v Českej a Slovenskej republike., Aim: The aim of this study (supported by project Slovak Research and Development Agency, SRDA) was to examine the content validity of nursing diagnosis Impaired Memory and to identify the defining characteristics in Czech and Slovak clinical practice. Methodology: Fehring’s Diagnostic Content Validity Model was used. Experts were nurses who achieve minimally the total number of 4 points according to modified Fehring’s criteria. Experts measured importance of diagnostic characteristics of Impaired Memory in validation form. It contained 10 defining characteristics of nursing diagnosis, 2 neutral characteristics and 4 items from MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) tool. Respondents were 94 Czech and 154 Slovak nurses. Results: Experts identically considered as main defining characteristics (weighted score more than 0,75), which consistent with memory phases (encoding, storage, retrieval). In Czech and Slovak data of respondents were results almost identical and are comparable with results another authors. Conclusion: Experts didn’t consider all defining characteristics as uniformly important, similarly as another SRDA studies. Particular influence had composite of respondents which had only minimal level of criteria for expert (6 points) and absence of standardize nursing terminology in Czech and Slovak Republic., Martina Tomagová, Ivana Bóriková, and Literatura