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Start Over Coverage 1-11 Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

2. A comparison of capture-mark-recapture and camera-based mark-resight to estimate abundance of Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota)

Creator:
Forti, Alessandro, Partel, Piergiovanni, Orsingher, Michel J., Volcan, Gilberto, Dorigatti, Enrico, Pedrotti, Luca, and Corlatti, Luca
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Bowden estimator, camera traps, Marmota, and population size
Language:
English
Description:
Obtaining reliable estimates of population abundance is of utmost importance for wildlife research and management. To this aim, camera-traps are increasingly used, as this method has the advantage of being noninvasive and allows for continuous monitoring. Camera traps can be used to estimate abundance in combination with traditional capture-recapture techniques, as well as with estimators that do not require marked individuals. Here, we investigated the use of camera-based mark-recapture methods applied to an Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) population in the Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park (eastern Italian Alps). We compared abundance estimates derived from a traditional capture-mark-recapture (CMR) framework and camera trap mark-resight (CTMR) over three consecutive years. CMR models estimated a population size of n = 19 individuals (95% CI = 18-27), n = 15 (14-22) and n = 24 (22-32) in 2019, 2020 and 2021 respectively. CTMR returned an estimated population size of n = 24 (95% CI = 18-30), n = 20 (17-24) and n = 22 (21-24) for the same years. The difference between the estimate of these two methods was significant only in 2020, with CMR returning a lower estimate than CTMR (95% CI = –9.4-–0.6). This difference was not significant for 2019 (95% CI = –10.9-0.9) and 2021 (95% CI = –1.8-5.9). Based on our results, the use of CTMR techniques is promising in the estimation of absolute population size of marmots, and the estimator was slightly more precise than CMR. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of CTMR with reduced capture effort.
Rights:
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3. Carbonic anhydrase in relation to higher plants

Creator:
Tiwari, A., Kumar, P., Singh, S., and Ansari, S. A.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
carbon sequestration, compartmentalization, isozymes, phylogeny, and regulation
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The review incorporates recent information on carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC: 4.2.1.1) pertaining to types, homology, regulation, purification, in vitro stability, and biological functions with special reference to higher plants. CA, a ubiquitous enzyme in prokaryotes and higher organisms represented by four distinct families, is involved in diverse biological processes, including pH regulation, CO2 transfer, ion exchange, respiration, and photosynthetic CO2 fixation. CA from higher plants traces its origin with prokaryotes and exhibits compartmentalization among their organs, tissues, and cellular organelles commensurate with specific functions. In leaves, CA represents 1-20 % of total soluble protein and abundance next only to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) in chloroplast, facilitating CO2 supply to phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in C4 and CAM plants and RuBPCO in C3 plants. It confers special significance to CA as an efficient biochemical marker for carbon sequestration and environmental amelioration in the current global warming scenario linked with elevated CO2 concentrations. and A. Tiwari ... [et al.].
Rights:
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4. Comparative exploration of the morphological plasticity of Trichodina centrostrigeata (Peritrichia: Mobilida), ectoparasite from the gills of two tilapia species (Oreochromis niloticus and O. mossambicus) in a global context

Creator:
Islas-Ortega, Alma Gabriela, Marcotegui, Paula S., Basson, Linda, de Jager, Gerhard P., and Aguilar-Aguilar, Rogelio
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ciliates, geometric morphometry, Fourier analysis, Trichodinidae, and morphology
Language:
English
Description:
Trichodina centrostrigeata Basson, Van As et Paperna, 1983 from Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and O. niloticus (Linnaeus) from different host populations from Argentina, Mexico and South Africa was reviewed. Although T. centrostrigeata has a distinct denticle structure that makes morphological taxonomic inferences uncomplicated, variation of the denticles within and among individuals and populations were still observed. While traditional taxonomy of mobilines is heavily reliant on morphometrics, and recently even more so on molecular analysis, this paper proposes the use of geometric morphometry, specifically elliptical Fourier analysis, to address morphological conflicts that arise when comparing different populations. By applying this technique, combined with traditional taxonomy, it was found that T. centrostrigeata in this study can be grouped into two separate morphotypes, the first (type a) from aquaculture farms in Argentina and Mexico and the second (type b) from a natural habitat in Glen Alpine Dam, South Africa. This study supports the validity of geometric morphometry as an additional technique to distinguish not only between species but also evolutionary plasticity of the same species from different localities and habitats.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Dílčí náměty ke zlepšení právní úpravy posuzování způsobilosti k práci

Creator:
Štefko, Martin
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ability to work, medical certificate, labour law, zdravotní způsobilost, lékařský posudek, and pracovní právo
Language:
Czech
Description:
This paper deals with medical examination of employeeʼs ability to work. Although from a legislative-technical point of view, this regulation is considered to be successful, in practice it causes major problems in the area of assessment care, which is evidenced in particular by case law. Referencing to practice, we can state that the idea of the occupational health services provider as professional assistant of the employer in providing for the protection of employees' occupational health has not taken hold at all. Employers justifiably ask why they should pay for a medical report giving them no legal certainty. and Ač je úprava posuzování způsobilosti k výkonu práce z legislativně-technického hlediska považována ministerstvem zdravotnictví za zdařilou, v praxi působí velké problémy právě v oblasti posudkové péče, což dokládají zkušenosti a v menším rozsahu též judikatura. S odkazem na praxi lze konstatovat, že se vůbec neujala představa poskytovatele pracovnělékařských služeb jako odborné pomoci zaměstnavateli při zajištění ochrany zdraví zaměstnanců při práci. Zaměstnavatelé se oprávněně ptají, proč mají platit za lékařský posudek, který jim nedává žádnou právní jistotu. Zaměstnavatelé naopak chtějí platit za služby, které jim dávají solidní podklad pro další postup vůči zaměstnanci. Z analyzovaných předpisů je patrné, že problematika posuzování zdravotního stavu a lékařských posudků zůstává však v některých aspektech dosud mezerovitá, a to jak z hlediska povahy lékařského posudku, tak z hlediska akceptace nedostatku pracovních kapacit poskytovatelů pracovnělékařských služeb.
Rights:
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6. Ecological role of the Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra (Mustelidae, Carnivora) as a seed dispersal species for riparian vegetation in Iberian fresh waters

Creator:
Latorre, Dani, Merino-Aguirre, Raquel, Cruz, Alejandra, Lantero, Esther, Arroyo, Alejandra M., Fletcher, David H., and Almeida, David
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dietary traits, endozoochory, frugivory, germinability, and spraint analysis
Language:
English
Description:
Endozoochory is a mutualistic interaction between plants and animals. Such a relationship has rarely been examined in the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra. This study aimed to assess the use and electivity of fruit by this carnivore, along with the viability of ingested seeds. Otter spraints and fruit were collected from the River Bullaque (Guadiana River basin, central Spain) in June and September 2018-2019. A high occurrence of fruit (> 40%) was found in spraints during September. Otters ingested fruit in June from only one plant species: Iberian bushweed Flueggea tinctoria (Phyllanthaceae); whereas seeds ingested in September belonged to four plant species: apple mint Mentha suaveolens (Lamiaceae), common hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, dog rose Rosa canina and elmleaf blackberry Rubus ulmifolius (three Rosaceae species). According to the environmental availability, otters displayed avoidance for mint and rose, neutral selection for hawthorn and preference for blackberry. Germination was unsuccessful for mint seeds, whereas germination was the highest for blackberry (37%; 49% for blackbird Turdus merula, a well-known frugivorous species). Otters appear to display an ecological role as seed dispersers for riparian vegetation in Iberian fresh waters. These findings provide insights into this endozoochorous co-evolution between plants and Carnivora.
Rights:
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7. Experimental microsporidiosis in immunocompetent immunodeficient mice and monkeys

Creator:
Didier, E.S., Varner, P.W., Didier, P.J., Aldras, A.M., Millichamp, N.J., Murphey-Corb, M., Bohm, R., and Shadduck, J.A.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Microsporidia, AIDS, opportunistic infection, Nosema, Encephalitozoon, encephaiitozoonosis, and microsporidiosis
Language:
English
Description:
Microsporidia cause opportunistic infections in AIDS patients and commonly infect laboratory animals, as well. Euthymie C57B1/6 mice experimentally infected with intraperitoneal injections of lxlO6 Encephalitozoon cuniculi Levaditi, Nicolau et Schoen, 1923, Encephalitozoon hellem Didier et al., 1991, or Nosema comeum Shadduck et al., 1990 displayed no clinical signs of disease. Athymic mice, however, developed ascites and died 8-16 days after inoculation with N. comeum, 21-25 days after inoculation with E. cuniculi, and 34-37 days after inoculation with E. hellem. All athymic mice displayed hepatomegaly, dilated intestine and accumulation of ascites fluid. Granulomatous lesions were primarily located in the liver, lung, pancreas, spleen, and on serosal surfaces of abdominal organs.
Rights:
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9. Haematozoans from deep water fishes trawled off the Cape Verde Islands and over the Porcupine Seabight, with a revision of species within the genus Desseria (Adeleorina: Haemogregarinidae)

Creator:
Davies, Angela J., Hosein, Shazia, and Merrett, Nigel R.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
deep sea haematozoans, haemogregarines, Desseria, Haemogregarina, trypanosomes, Trypanosoma, and Haemohormidium
Language:
English
Description:
Archived blood smears from 32 of 113 fishes in 18 families and 12 orders, trawled from deep North Atlantic waters off the Cape Verde Islands in 1999 and over the Porcupine Seabight in 2001 were found to harbour haematozoans. These included four species of haemogregarines (Adeleorina, Haemogregarinidae) and a species of trypanosome (Trypanosomatina, Trypanosomatidae) located in Porcupine Seabight fishes. Also present were Haemohormidium-like structures of uncertain status found in samples from this location and from the Cape Verde Islands. Although material was limited, two of the haemogregarines were provisionally named Desseria harriottae sp. n. from Harriotta raleighana Goode et Bean (Chimaeriformes, Rhinochimaeridae), and Haemogregarina bathysauri sp. n. from Bathysaurus ferox Günther (Aulopiformes, Bathysauridae). The two remaining haemogregarines were identified as Desseria marshalllairdi (Khan, Threlfall et Whitty, 1992) from Halosauropsis macrochir (Günther) (Notacanthiformes, Halosauridae), and Haemogregarina michaeljohnstoni (Davies et Merrett, 2000) from Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed (Ophidiformes, Bythitidae). The name H. michaeljohnstoni was proposed to replace Haemogregarina johnstoni Davies et Merrett, 2000 from C. laticeps and to avoid confusion with Hepatozoon johnstoni (Mackerras, 1961) Smith, 1996 from varanid lizards, originally named Haemogregarina johnstoni Mackerras, 1961. The trypanosome formed a mixed parasitaemia with D. harriottae in H. raleighana and was provisionally named Trypanosoma harriottae sp. n. No blood parasites had been described previously from cartilaginous fishes of the Holocephali, making the finds in H. raleighana unique. Haemohormidium-like structures were located in erythrocytes in one fish, Coryphaenoides armatus (Hector), among the Cape Verde Islands samples and in 12 species of fishes from the Porcupine Seabight; all these hosts were bony fishes. Finally, the haemogregarine species listed in the genus Desseria Siddall, 1995 were reassessed. Of the original list of 41 species, 30 were retained and 5 species added, including D. harriottae, so that the genus now contains 35 species.
Rights:
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10. Infiltration and water retention of biological soil crusts on reclaimed soils of former open-cast lignite mining sites in Brandenburg, north-east Germany

Creator:
Gypser, Stella, Veste, Maik, Fischer, Thomas, and Lange, Philipp
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
repellency indbex, pF-curves, water holding capacity, and iological soil crusts
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Investigations were done on two former open-cast lignite mining sites under reclamation, an artificial sand dune in Welzow Süd, and a forest plantation in Schlabendorf Süd (Brandenburg, Germany). The aim was to associate the topsoil hydrological characteristics of green algae dominated as well as moss and soil lichen dominated biological soil crusts during crustal succession with their water retention and the repellency index on sandy soils under temperate climate and different reliefs. The investigation of the repellency index showed on the one hand an increase due to the cross-linking of sand particles by green algae which resulted in clogging of pores. On the other hand, the occurrence of moss plants led to a decrease of the repellency index due to absorption caused by bryophytes. The determination of the water retention curves showed an increase of the water holding capacity, especially in conjunction with the growth of green algae layer. The pore-related van Genuchten parameter indicate a clay-like behaviour of the developed soil crusts. Because of the inhomogeneous distribution of lichens and mosses as well as the varying thickness of green algae layers, the water retention differed between the study sites and between samples of similar developmental stages. However, similar tendencies of water retention and water repellency related to the soil crust formation were observed. Biological soil crusts should be considered after disturbances in the context of reclamation measures, because the initial development of green algae biocrusts lead to an increasing repellency index, while the occurrence of mosses and a gain in organic matter enhance the water holding capacity. Thus, the succession of biocrusts and their small-scale succession promote the development of soil and ecosystem.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public