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Start Over Coverage 77-80

2. Attempts to immunize chickens against Cryptosporidium baileyi with C. parvum oocysts and Paracox™ vaccine

Creator:
Sréter, Tamás, Hornok, Sándor, Varga, István, Békési, László, and Széll, Zoltán
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
immunization, chicken, Cryptosporidium baileyi, C. parvum, Eimeria spp., Paracox, and cross-immunity
Language:
English
Description:
To study the possibility of immunization against Cryptosporidium baileyi Current, Upton et Haynes, 1986 with the attenuated anticoccidial vaccine, Paracox™ and oocysts of C. parvum Tyzzer, 1912, chickens were inoculated orally with either 3 x 10’ vaccine oocysts or 8 x I O5 C, baileyi or C. parvum oocysts at 1 week of age. The inoculation with Paracox™ vaccine and C. parvum oocysts was repeated at 2 and 3 weeks of age. Uninfected birds served as controls. All animals with the exception of one uninfected group were challenged orally with either 8 x 105 C. baileyi or 3 x 10s Eimeria tenella Railliet et Lucet, 1891 oocysts at 4 weeks of age. Sera were collected at 4 weeks of age, and were examined by ELISA using C. baileyi antigens. Birds inoculated with C. parvum oocysts did not shed C. parvum oocysts in their faeces, but anticryptosporidial antibodies could be detected in the sera. The total oocyst output of C. parvum inoculated chickens was 17% of that of previously uninfected birds after the oral challenge with C. baileyi. Considering that antibodies play no or only a minor role in resistance to C. baileyi, these results suggest that inoculation of chickens with C. parvum oocysts stimulated also cellular immune response. Based on the relative body weight gain, faecal scores, oocyst output, mortality, and caecal lesions in the birds immunized with Paracox™ vaccine and challenged with E. tenella, the vaccination induced only a moderate protection against the reinfection. The results of crossimmunization of chickens with Eimeria spp. and C. baileyi suggest that attenuated anti-eimerian vaccines do not induce any protection against cryptosporidial infection.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Comparison of the Galleria baiting technique and a direct extraction method for recovering Steinernema (Nematoda: Rhabditida) infective-stage juveniles from soil

Creator:
Sturhan, Dieter and Mráček, Zdeněk
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema, baiting, extraction, methods, soil, and Czech Republic
Language:
English
Description:
Forty soil samples from forests and other biotopes in Germany and the Czech Republic were studied for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes using the Galleria bait method at the same time as a sieving-decanting method for direct extraction of infective-stage juveniles. Five Steinernema species were recovered trom the samples from Germany and four species from the samples from Czechia. All five species were recovered with both methods, but the baiting technique was generally less effective and mixtures of species were frequently undetected. The direct extraction method provided quantitative estimates of infective-stage juvenile density but no information on their infcclivity or on morphological characters of adults, and nematode cultures could not be established.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Elektronové vlny a krystalové mřížky. Část druhá - experiment

Creator:
Lenc, Michal
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyzika, difrakce, elektrony, physics, diffraction, electrons, Davisson-Germerův experiment, difrakce pomalých elektronů, difrakce rychlých elektronů, Davisson-Germer experiment, low energy electron diffraction, high energy electron diffraction, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
This paper is a continuation of the first part [M. Lenc: „Electron waves and crystal lattices: part one - theory“, Čs. čas. fyz. 64, 99-103 (2014)], where we have given some remarks to the foundation of Schrödinger‘s wave mechanics. One of the first proofs of the new theory are experiments studying the diffraction of low and high energy electrons in crystal lattices. In detail we analyse the first pitfalls of the interpretation of the Davisson-Germer diffraction experiment with low energy electrons, which was more difficult than the Thomson‘s diffraction experiment with high energy electrons. Davisson and Thomson were in 1937 awarded by the Nobel prize., Michal Lenc., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Holografické konturování a jeho limit při měření slabě difúzně reflexivních povrchů

Creator:
Lédl, Vít, Psota, Pavel, Vojtíšek, Petr, Doleček, Roman, and Mokrý, Pavel
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
optics, optika, slabě difuzivně reflexní povrch, holografické konturování, multivlnová holografická interferometrie, and mikrodrsnost
Language:
Czech
Description:
In the paper the limit of grinded surface micro-roughness of brittle materials (optical glass) is experimentaly determined with regard to the ability to record and reconstruct the surface by digital holography with expected quality. Multiwavelength phase shifted digital holographic interferometry (holographic contouring) is used and its performance is examined in those test. Holographic contouring is great candidate for precise shape measurement technique which could be applied in optical element manufacturing process - mainly during the iterative process of generating. Selected artifact with different radii of the spherical (convex and concave) surface shapes were prepared with different micro roughness and its optical surfaces were recorded holographically in the designed setup. Two different measures were selected to help to estimate the quality of recording. First of them was the intensity profile of the reconstructed surface changing in connection with micro roughness decrease. The shape of the intensity profile develops as the surface is altering from strongly diffusive to almost specular. The second one was the correlation of recorded and reconstructed phases (surfaces shapes) where the recording was done with close wavelengths. The correlation function decreases in connection with the noise amount increase in the data. The preliminary results are displayed showing that the surface could be measured by multiwavelength holographic contouring up to very high quality of lapped surface - almost polished - nearly specular. On the other hand the application of holographic contouring to polished surface measurement is still challenging and remains unresolved even with the multidirection illumination. and Článek se zabývá stanovení dolního limitu mikrodrsnosti, který je významný z pohledu rekonstruovatelnosti povrchu při holografickém měření tvaru povrchu budoucích optických elementů. Limit je určen pro velmi jemně broušené, téměř lesklé povrchy realizované z optického skla. Povrch artefaktů je nasnímán na dvou odlišných, ale blízkých vlnových délkách holograficky a pro zvýšení přesnosti je využita metoda fázového posuvu. Získaná fáze, která může být zobrazena formou kontur, je měřítkem pro odhad limitu mikrodrsnosti. Holografické konturování je velmi perspektivní z pohledu jeho využití právě pro měření tvaru broušených povrchů,zejména během iteračního procesu generování. Byly vybrány artefakty (vzorky pro měření) s různými poloměry kulových (konvexních a konkávních) ploch. Vybrané artefakty byly postupně zpracovávány a byly získány povrchy s různou mikrodrsností v závislosti na použitém volném brusivu. Dva různé ''parametry'' byly vybrány jako míry pro odhad kvality záznamu. Prvníz nich je profil intenzity rekonstruovaného povrchu, ten se mění ve vazbě na vývoj mikrodrsnosti povrchu. Jako druhá míra byla zvolena korelace zaznamenaných a rekonstruovaných fází (sledovaná v celém povrchu), při záznamu provedeném blízkými vlnovými délkami. Korelační koeficient klesá s nárůstem množství šumu v datech. Prvotní výsledky ukazují, že povrch lapovaného elementu může být zaznamenán a rekonstruován v dostatečné kvalitě až do vysokého stupně prolapovanosti, kdy se povrch stává téměř leštěným.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public