The article deals with corruption in Bavaria and Prussia around
1800. In accordance with recent research, the author assumes corruption as a socially constructed phenomenon that is subjected to a historical change. In this article, he tries to show how a new notion of corruption appeared in public, became a weapon in political conflicts and influenced the legal and administrative reforms in both German monarchies. The author concludes
that corruption charges might be seen as a driving force behind the legal reforms: The reformers in both countries tried to delegitimise the old regime by corruption charges and, thus, cleared the way for bureaucratic reforms.This delegitimation can be observed in public debates, in internal discussions and in the new laws themselves.
The most recent genome-editing system called CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat system with associated protein 9-nuclease) was employed to delete four non-essential genes (i.e., Caeco1, Caidh1, Carom2, and Cataf10) individually to establish their gene functionality annotations in pathogen Candida albicans. The biological roles of these genes were investigated with respect to the cell wall integrity and biogenesis, calcium/calcineurin pathways, susceptibility of mutants towards temperature, drugs and salts. All the mutants showed increased vulnerability compared to the wild-type background strain towards the cell wall-perturbing agents, (antifungal) drugs and salts. All the mutants also exhibited repressed and defective hyphal growth and smaller colony size than control CA14. The cell cycle of all the mutants decreased enormously except for those with Carom2 deletion. The budding index and budding size also increased for all mutants with altered bud shape. The disposition of the mutants towards cell wall-perturbing enzymes disclosed lower survival and more rapid cell wall lysis events than in wild types. The pathogenicity and virulence of the mutants was checked by adhesion assay, and strains lacking rom2 and eco1 were found to possess the least adhesion capacity, which is synonymous to their decreased pathogenicity and virulence.
Th is text, fi rst published in Deleuze and Music, edited by Ian Buchanan and Marcel Swiboda (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004), pp. 54–74, Nick Nesbitt compares Th eodor W. Adorno’s negative dialectical approach with Gilles Deleuze’s antidialectical approach to the question of multiplicity and diff erentiation within music. Nesbitt concludes with a consideration of the attempts made to address the problem in the work of important twentieth-century musicians, particularly that of John Coltrane. Th e Czech translation here is by Marta Martinová and Michal Jurza.
The requirements for fast 100% operational control (especially in the automotive industry) force the development of the whole range of fine mechanical devices and elements, so far not used in metrology. In addition to the special length transducers designed for adverse operating conditions, different support devices are necessary for correct operation of the length transducers. The article deals with the tilting contacts and centering elements. and Požadavky, zejména automobilového průmyslu, na rychlou 100% provozní kontrolu si vynucují vývoj celé řady dosud v metrologii nepoužívaných jemnomechanických zařízení a prvků. Vedle speciálních délkových snímačů, určených do nepříznivých provozních podmínek, jsou to různá podpůrná zařízení nutná pro správnou funkci snímačů. Zmiňujeme se zde o naklápěcích dotecích a centrážních prvcích.
A study of working class housing, mainly of working class housing
in working class settlemenents, belonged to the main topics of Czech ethnology and Czech socially oriented historiography before the year 1989. Within the frames of extensive ethnological researches of the Czech lands’ industrial areas both ethnologists and historians paid great attention to working class settlements in Brno, Plzeň, Prague or especially in Ostravian industrial area. Just around Ostrava we can speak about uninterrupted continuity of working class settlements’ research which has remained in the sphere of researchers’ interests also after the year 1989 when the changes in the whole society and the transformation of dominant historical narratives led to a decline of interest in working class housing and settlements. The review article summs up the Czech existing scholarship with special reference to the greater Ostrava area.
We consider the problem of separating noisy overcomplete sources from linear mixtures, i.e., we observe N mixtures of M > N sparse sources. We show that the ``Sparse Coding Neural Gas'' (SCNG) algorithm [8,9] can be employed in order to estimate the mixing matrix. Based on the learned mixing matrix the sources are obtained by orthogonal matching pursuit. Using synthetically generated data, we evaluate the influence of (i) the coherence of the mixing matrix, (ii) the noise level, and (iii) the sparseness of the sources with respect to the performance that can be achieved on the representation level. Our results show that if the coherence of the mixing matrix and the noise level are sufficiently small and the underlying sources are sufficiently sparse, the sources can be estimated from the observed mixtures. In order to apply our method to real-world data, we try to reconstruct each single instrument of a jazz audio signal given only a two-channel recording. Furthermore, we compare our method to the well-known FastICA [4] algorithm and show that in case of sparse sources and presence of additive noise, our method provides a superior estimation of the mixing matrix.
This paper reports on phase retrieval method in non-nulling dual-wavelength interferometry. It uses synthetic phase as shape estimation for determination of fringe orders within every pixel. The fringe order map is subsequently used for unwrapping of phase measured at shorter wavelengths. It was experimentally shown that even for inaccurate synthetic phase, the computed phase for short wavelength is correct. The key point is analysis of phase fields in spatial derivatives where the sensitivity to phase distortions is lower instead of analyzing the phase fields themselves. and Tento příspěvek popisuje metodu získávání a zpracování fáze v interferometrii s dvěma vlnovými délkami. Přístup, nazývaný hierarchická demodulace, využívá syntetickou fázi jako odhad pro stanovení celočíselného násobku 2p v rámci každého pixelu, čímž lze dosáhnout demodulace fázové mapy i v případě podvzorkovaného interferogramu. Standardní procedura hierarchického rozbalení předpokládá nízké zkreslení syntetické fáze, což není v praxi vzhledem k disperzi a dalším vlivům často splněno. Nový přístup popsaný v tomto článku přenáší problém demodulace fáze do prostoru prostorových změn (derivace) fáze, kde je přirozeně vliv zkreslení nižší. Bylo experimentálně ukázáno, že i při nepřesné syntetické fázi je demodulovaná fáze správná.