There is an intuition that the past does not ever change. In their paper ''The puzzle of the changing past'', Luca Barlassina and Fabio Del Prete argue that in 2012 the past changed. I show that we are not in a position to accept their argument., Existuje intuice, že minulost se nikdy nezmění. Luca Barlassina a Fabio Del Prete ve svém příspěvku ,,Hádanka měnící se minulosti'' tvrdí, že v roce 2012 se minulost změnila. Ukazuji, že nemůžeme přijmout jejich argument., and Terence Rajivan Edward
This paper sums up the results of light microscopical, ultrastructural and molecular studies of five strains of amoeboid organisms isolated as endocommensals from coelomic fluid of sea urchins, Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck), collected in the Adriatic Sea. The organisms are reported as Didymium-like myxogastrids. Of the life-cycle stages, the attached amoeboids, flagellated trophozoites, cysts and biflagellated swarmers are described. Formation of fruiting bodies was not observed. Although phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequences indicated a close relationship with Hyperamoeba dachnaya, our sea-urchin strains have not been assigned to the genus Hyperamoeba Alexeieff, 1923. The presence of either one or two flagella reported in phylogenetically closely related organisms and mutually distant phylogenetic positions of strains declared as representatives of the genus Hyperamoeba justify our approach. Data obtained in this study may be useful in future analyses of relationships of the genera Didymium, Hyperamoeba, Physarum and Pseudodidymium as well as in higher-order phylogeny of Myxogastrea.
Metodu "kinetic impactor" (test změny trajektorie asteroidu na kolizní dráze Země) představuje Dr. Petr Pravec, pod jehož vedením česká spolupráce na tomto projektu probíhá. and Jana Žďárská, Petr Pravec.
Historiography has shown that the implementation of land reforms in East Central Europe has been greatly stimulated by the particular post-war situation and was influenced by the balance of power in the respective countries. The differences in the radicalism of land reforms depended largely on whether the redistribution of land and property rights could be used to strengthen the new state nations and/or to weaken the former privileged ethnic groups, like Germans, Hungarians or Russians. Nevertheless, the question arises to what extent certain similarities and differences of land reforms were caused by the reception and adaptation of concepts from other countries and from the pre-war times. Germany is often
overlooked in this context because here, after 1918, no major land reforms (but settlement projects) took place. The paper contains examinations of debates on “optimal” land ownership distribution as they were part of German agricultural politics and agricultural sciences (Max Sering) and of the attempts to implement these ideas before the First World War. The article emphasizes the mutual relationship of nationalistically motivated settlement policies and the economically and socio-politically motivated inner colonization. While national goals were not achieved, the interaction of the Poznań Settlement Commission, of the General Commission and of the private Polish and German parcelling agencies caused a signifi cant change in farm size structure by strengthening the rural middle classes. In a second step, a comparison between the German/Prussian settlement policy and “inner colonization” on one side and the East Central European land reforms on the other shows many similarities. The article ends with a plea for a transnational perspective on land reform history by the reconstruction of concrete transfer processes. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Radiocarbon dates and pottery typology from the hilltop settlement of Hlinsko are discussed with respect to the chronology of the Boleráz Group in Moravia. Additionally the results are compared to new Dates from Jevisovice and Brno-Líšeň as well as to the total corpus of Radiocarbon dates connected to Boleraz-fi nds in other regions. The Moravian dates show that the Boleráz Pottery in that region is not used until after 3520 BC, whereas there are older dates in Lower Austria and Hungary, starting about 3650 BC. The end of the Boleráz pottery style in Moravia is harder to detect. The 14C dates from Hlinsko, but also one additional date in Wojnowice in Upper Silesia point towards the presence of a “Post-Boléraz-Group, where Boleráz-, Funnel Beaker and some scant Classical Baden elements are mixed in a local pottery style, contemporary to the different Classical Baden Groups in neighbouring regions. Thus, in the western part of Moravia, the chronological sequence is Boleráz (3520–3350 BC), Post-Boleráz (3350–3100 BC), Jevisovice B (3100–2800 BC). Regarding the pottery typology and Radiocarbon Dating of Hlinsko, the pit inventories discussed do not display a Proto-Boleráz and a subsequent Boleráz Phase, as traditionally labelled, but rather a continuum showing a mixture of Funnel Beaker Pottery with Boleráz Elements to Funnel Beaker with Boleráz and scant Classical Baden infl uences (the latter equalling “Post-Boleráz”), clearly different from the typical Boleráz or Classical Baden Inventories known further south., Martin Furholt., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The German Agrarian Party was founded in Bohemia in 1905. It won a majority of rural seats in both the 1907 and the 1911 elections. Compared with its Czech counterpart, it suffered from a lack of political organization and leadership. The economic lobbies and associations that had been instrumental in founding the party retained a dominant voice throughout its history. In parliament, the party kept a low profile and a pro-government line, except on issues of commercial policies. During the war years, the party failed
to adequately reflect the growing dissatisfaction of the agrarian world with governmental policies which is why it was re-founded in 1918 under another name (Bund der Landwirte). and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
As an example of the activities of the Austrian secret police under Emperor Francis II (I), we consider the surveillance of Louis Bonaparte (1778-1846), king of Holland, when he was in exile in Teplice. The Austrian secret police used several "tools" in the surveillance of persons who were or had aroused suspicion of being criminals or enemies of the state. The ministry of foreign affairs (Hof- und Staatskanzlei), the ministry of the interior (Oberste Polizeihofstelle) and the government of the states (Länder) worked together. The police paid "confidential people" (Vertraute) to observe the habits, activities and friends of the above categories of person. This work was done at the best-known spas by inspection commissioners who tended the patients and collected information. At the mail service letters from suspicious persons were secretly opened and copies were made. It is shown that these methods provided a fairly good picture of the person under surveillance, in our case the king of Holland., Friedrich Wilhelm Schembor., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy