We investigated the strategies of four co-occurring evergreen woody species Quercus ilex, Quercus coccifera, Pinus halepensis, and Juniperus phoenicea to cope with Mediterranean field conditions. For that purpose, stem water potential, gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, and Chl and carotenoid (Car) contents were examined. We recognized two stress periods along the year, winter with low precipitation and low temperatures that led to chronic photoinhibition, and summer, when drought coincided with high radiation, leading to an increase of dynamic photoinhibition and a decrease of pigment content. Summer photoprotection was related to non-photochemical energy dissipation, electron flow to alternative sinks other than photosynthesis, decrease of Chl content, and proportional increase of Car content. Water potential of trees with deep vertical roots (Q. coccifera, Q. ilex, and P. halepensis) mainly depended on precipitation, whereas water potential of trees with shallow roots (J. phoenicea) depended not only on precipitation but also on ambient temperature. and F. J. Baquedano, F. J. Castillo.
In this review we summarize several synthetic approaches to the advanced synthesis of star-like polymer-based drug carriers. Moreover, their application as nanomedicines for therapy or the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases and their biodistribution are reviewed in detail. From a broad spectrum of star-like systems, we focus only on fully water-soluble systems, mainly based on poly(ethylene glycol) or N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide polymer and copolymer arms and polyamidoamine dendrimers serving as the core of the star-like systems., L. Kotrchová, L. Kostka, T. Etrych., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Our previous studies have shown that the combined administration of drugs elevating extracellular adenosine, i.e. dipyridamole (DP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), enhances murine hematopoiesis and potentiates the action of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). In this study, colony-stimulating activity (CSA) of blood serum of mice treated with DP+AMP, G-CSF or all these drugs in combination, i.e. the ability of the sera to stimulate the growth of GM-CFC colonies, was assayed in vitro. Furthermore, the concentration of GM-CSF and IL-6 in the sera was determined. Administration of DP+AMP was found to enhance significantly serum CSA at all time intervals of serum sampling including 24 h after the last injection of the tested drugs. Additive effects of DP+AMP and G-CSF on serum CSA were noted at early intervals after administration of the drugs. Furthermore, IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in the sera of mice which were administered DP+AMP either alone or in combination with G-CSF. Our results show that the effects of DP+AMP are indirect, mediated through the induction of some cytokine(s) and/or growth factor(s) and that extracellular adenosine can act in cooperation with G-CSF. These findings contribute to the further elucidation of the role of adenosine in hematopoiesis., L. Weiterová, M. Hofer, M. Pospíšil, V. Znojil, D. Štreitová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Studie představuje složitý poválečný vývoj pražské egyptologie 1946-1951 prostřednictvím korespondence dvou důležitých aktérů. Korespondence významných českých egyptologů je jednak otiskem Černého osobnosti v dějinách pražského egyptologického pracoviště, ale také odrazem osobnosti Zbyňka Žáby, který byl pro institucionální vývoj a zajištění existence ústavu osobou klíčovou, ač rozporuplnou, což je patrné již od počátků jeho odborného působení. Studie tak prostřednictvím dvou rozdílných osudů vědců zachycuje období od poválečné obnovy výuky egyptologie na FF UK v Praze, po etablování Jaroslava Černého ve Velké Británii a Zbyňka Žáby v Praze., This study presents the complex post-war development of Prague Egyptology in 1946-1951 through the correspondence of two of its important practitioners, Jaroslav Černý and Zbyněk Žába. The correspondence of prominent Czech Egyptologists is marked both by Černý’s personality and its impact within the history of the Prague Egyptology department and by Zbyněk Žába’s, who was of key importance to ensuring the existence and the institutional development of the discipline, although he was a contradictory character, as was evident from the start of his professional activities. The character of the department-to-be was mainly philological in its beginnings in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The specialisation corresponded to the interests of the two protagonists, yet they both considered further developments, which eventually led to the establishment of a primarily archaeological institute. Hence this study uses the various fortunes of these two scholars to portray the period from the resumption of Egyptology tuition at the Charles University Faculty of Arts in Prague to the time Jaroslav Černý settled in Britain and Zbyněk Žába settled in Prague. It also includes Černý’s invisible college links in international Egyptology, and Překlad resumé: Melvyn Clarke
Obnovení pořádku v Československé akademii věd patřilo mezi prvořadé úkoly československé normalizace. Některé instituce byly ''očištěny'' dříve, jiné později, každopádně propuštění Ivana Svitáka z Filosofického ústavu v létě 1969 představovalo precedens, podle něhož bylo o nedlouho později postupováno vůči vědcům ocitnuvším se v kapitalistické cizině. Hlavně se ale jednalo o symbolický akt likvidace nepohodlného exponenta ''pravice a kontrarevoluce''. Svitákova institucionální exkomunikace vypovídá mnohé o samotných normalizačních mechanismech i tehdejších aktérech. Publikovaná korespondence odhaluje myšlenkový svět hlavního aktéra, jeho odpor vůči technokracii, byrokracii i zdeformovanému socialismu, přibližuje jeho pracovní plány a do jisté míry i představy o fungování společnosti demokratického socialismu. Úřední strohost Richtových listů oproti tomu nese jisté stopy cynismu expertně orientovaného vědce, který nepřipouští výraznější projevy odstředivých tendencí a vyžaduje ''klid na práci''. Edice je chápána jako příspěvek k intelektuálním dějinám, stejně jako k dějinám vědní politiky a rané normalizace., The restoration of order in the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences was among the chief tasks of the so-called ''normalization'' process in Czechoslovakia after the end of the Prague Spring. Some institutions were ''cleansed'' sooner, some later, but the expulsion of Ivan Sviták from the Philosophy Institute in the summer of 1969 set a precedent that would later be used in dealing with other scholars who went to capitalist countries after the military invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. Above all, Sviták’s expulsion was a symbolic act that represented the elimination of ''rightwing and counterrevolutionary'' elements. Sviták’s institutional excommunication sheds light both on the mechanisms of normalization, on Sviták as an individual, and on then-director of the Philosophy Institute Radovan Richta. The correspondence presented here reveals Sviták’s intellectual world: his distaste for technocracy, bureaucracy and deformed socialism; his work projects; and to some extent his vision of democratic socialist society. In contrast to Sviták, Richta’s administrative curtness shows the cynicism of expert-minded scientists, who were prepared to fight any disruptive tendencies and who required normalized ''peace for work.'' The publication of these documents is understood as a contribution to intellectual history as well as to the history of science policy and to the history of the early period of Czechoslovak normalization. (Translated by Jan Mervart), and Překlad resumé: Jan Mervart
Na jedinečnou vzdělávací akci, která se konala od 3. do 10. července 2017 v prostorách Matematicko-fyzikální fakulty v Troji, přijely čtyři desítky nejlepších řešitelů astronomických olympiád z České republiky, Estonska, Maďarska, Polska a Slovenska. Na programu byly vedle výpočetníích seminářů také zvané přednášky přístupné široké veřejnosti, večerní pozorování, výjezd do planetária v Hradci Králové, exkurze na odřejovskou observatoř a komentovaná procházka po pražských astronomických památkách. Účastnící si rovzněž vyzkoušeli atmosféru mezinárodní olympiády při simulované souteži. and Jakub Vošmera, Jan Kožuško, Václav Pavlík.
The second year of the Golden Mammoth Award 2019 was symbolically concluded by the winner’s announcement ceremony in the Anthropos Pavilion of the Moravian Museum on 21 September 2020. The “Karel Absolon Award for the Popularisation of Archaeology” came into existence in 2018 due to the joint endeavour of three prominent Moravian institutions: the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, the Moravian Museum and the Department of Archaeology and Museology of the Faculty of Arts of Masaryk University. The principal idea of the newly founded prize is to motivate colleagues across the professional community to develop attractive and creative popularisation activities, which legitimise the irreplaceability and social benefits of archaeology in the modern world in the eyes of the public. Forty projects were registered in the first year of the competition; in 2019, the committee chose from seventeen projects. The winners of the academic prize are the projects “Bohemia-Bavaria ArchaeoCentre” subtitled “To Protect and Share Common Cultural Space” (1st place), the book “The Tales of Civilisation and Barbarism” (2nd place) and the “Flint Summer School of Archaeology” (3rd place). The exhibition “World of Medieval Games” won the museum category, the project “Twentieth Year of School Excursions in Prehistory Archaeopark Všestary” came second and the “Archaeology Autumn in the Litovel Region” third. Only the first prize was announced in the student category, awarded to the project “Autumn with Prehistoric Technologies”. An extraordinary prize has been awarded for the book “We Do Not Kick the Dead – An Amateur Archaeologist’s Manual”.