Electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive method for the assessment of gastric myoelectrical activity. Porcine EGG is comparable with human one. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of atropine and neostigmine on the EGG in experimental pigs. Adult female pigs were administrated atropine (1.5 mg i.m., n=6) and neostigmine (0.5 mg i.m., n=6) after the baseline EGG, followed by a 90-min trial recording (MMS, Enschede, the Netherlands). Running spectral analysis was used for the evaluation. The results were expressed as dominant frequency of slow waves and EGG power (areas of amplitudes). Neostigmine increased continuously the dominant frequency and decreased significantly the EGG power. Atropine did not change the dominant frequency significantly. However, atropine increased significantly the EGG power (areas of amplitudes) from basal values to the maximum at the 10-20-min interval. After that period, the areas of amplitudes decreased significantly to the lowest values at the 60-90-min interval. In conclusion, cholinergic and anticholinergic agents affect differently EGG in experimental pigs., J. Květina, I. Tachecí, M. Pavlík, M. Kopáčová, S. Rejchrt, T. Douda, M. Kuneš, J. Bureš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Modern methods of monitoring landslides are based on observations of both: direct surveying (GNSS, electronic tachymetry, geometric levelling) and remote sensing (terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, laser scanning, interferometry), as well as surface and subsurface geotechnical observations (e.g. inclinometers, extensometers, piezometers, etc.). Due to the high cost of installation of these devices and its measurement, the implementations of these methods are usually used on well-define d objects, with established landslide activity and high risk to people’s lives. The main objective of the project was to design, create and do practical tests of simple and inexpensive measurement devices, which detect first symptoms of a potential landslide movements and alert of an existing threat. These devices would be some kind of an early warning system that would register the occurrence of the first movements of the surface layers of soil, which would be a signal to start of geodetic and geotechnical monitoring of potential landslides., Bartłomiej Ćmielewski, Bernard Kontny and Kazimierz Ćmielewski., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
At present, chlorophyll meters are widely used for a quick and nondestructive estimate of chlorophyll (Chl) contents in plant leaves. Chl meters allow to estimate the Chl content in relative units - the Chl index (CI). However, using such meters, one can face a problem of converting CI into absolute values of the pigment content and comparing data acquired with different devices and for different plant species. Many Chl meters (SPAD-502, CL-01, CCM-200) demonstrated a high degree of correlation between the CI and the absolute pigment content. A number of formulas have been deduced for different plant species to convert the CI into the absolute value of the photosynthetic pigment content. However, such data have not been yet acquired for the atLEAF+ Chl meter. The purpose of the present study was to assess the applicability of the atLEAF+ Chl meter for estimating the Chl content. A significant species-specific exponential relationships between the atLEAF value (corresponding to CI) and extractable Chl a, Chl b, Chl (a+b) for Calamus dioicus and Cleistanthus sp. were shown. The correlations between the atLEAF values and the content of Chl a, Chl b, and Chl (a+b) per unit of leaf area was stronger than that per unit of dry leaf mass. The atLEAF value- Chl b correlation was weaker than that of atLEAF value-Chl a and atLEAF value-Chl (a+b) correlations. The influence of light conditions (Chl a/b ratio) on the atLEAF value has been also shown. The obtained results indicated that the atLEAF+ Chl meter is a cheap and convenient tool for a quick nondestructive estimate of the Chl content, if properly calibrated, and can be used for this purpose along with other Chl meters., E. V. Novichonok, A. O. Novichonok, J. A. Kurbatova, E. F. Markovskaya., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article analyses the extent to which the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (UPICC) are used to interpret and supplement Czech contract law. Under Czech legal doctrine the UPICC are part of lex mercatoria and not considered as a generally binding set of legal rules. However, contracting parties are free to make them part of their contract. The authors carry out a comparative analysis of selected UPICC rules and their counterparts in the Czech national law (Czech Civil Code) relating to negotiations in bad fairh, surprising terms, currency of payment, right to terminate the contract and interest for failure to pay money., Monika Pauknerová, Magdalena Pfeiffer., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This article presents a critical evaluation of the growing popularity of online social surveys for the exploration of attitudes and behaviours within higher educational institutions. More specifically this article addresses a number of key issues: the construction of representative online samples, and the presentation of the results from an institutional census constructed from an online survey with a low response rate. The improper use of statistical significance tests, and the reporting of systematic errors when quota sampling is employed in surveys is also discussed. This study compares and evaluates four recent academic surveys: (a) the Czech wave of the EUROSTUDENT IV survey fielded by SC&C, (b) A Research Survey on Academic Staff at Czech Colleges and Universities undertaken by SC&C in 2009, (c) surveys of students and (d) employees at Palacky University Olomouc undertaken by the newly established Laboratory of Social Research. This article shows that an improper interpretation of online surveys resulted in a missrepresention of the views of university students and academic staff on the state of Czech higher education and opinions concerning different tertiary education reform measures., Dan Ryšavý., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The Academy Assembly, the highest body of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic responsible for the foremost priority decisions related to the ASCR, held its XLI Meeting in the Municipal House in Vinohrady December 13. 2012. By a secret ballot. Professor Jill Drahoa was reelected by the Academy Assembly as the new candidate for the presidency of ASCR for the period 2013-2017. The president of Czech Republic will ratify this election and the nominee will be inducted as the new head of Academy at the XLII Meeting of Academy Assembly on March 19. 2013.