Bohuslav Martinů’s Concerto for Piano and Orchestra No. 4 (1956) has several special features: the work stands apart from Martinů’s other concertante works by consisting of only two movements, by its title „Incantations“, and by its free form and highly exalted mood, full of fantastic shimmering timbres and eruptive changes. The reviewers’ first response was, however, negative. On one hand, they praised its ingenuity, brilliant instrumentation and imaginative virtuosity; on the other, they dismissed the composition as eclectic and lacking formal homogeneity – their valuation was based on conventional formal and structural criteria.
The Japanese Hossô-monk Jôkei (1155-1213) is one of the better-known contemporaries of the famous Hônen (1133-1212), whose Pure Land School (Jôdo-shû) became so influential in medieval Japanese society. The Tôshôdaiji shaka-nenbutsu ganmon of Jôkei, however, is an interesting example for the often overlooked renaissance of the Japanese Vinaya School (Kairistu-shû) at that time. Being the second in a series of translations of important texts by Jôkei, the present article tries also to discuss this ganmon in the context of Jôkei´s thought.
This article discusses the surface adjustment possibilities for X-ray optics manufacturing using galvanic replication method. For manufacturing of this kind of optics, the essential parameter is microroughness. This parameter determines incident rays reflection’s quality and effectivity. We have tested and compared two ways of refinementthe mandrel surface. The first technique was RF sputter etching and the second ion beam surface treatment. The result quality was evaluated using AFM and X-ray reflectometry. and Tento článek se zabývá možnostmi úpravy povrchu mandrelů pro výrobu rentgenové optiky metodou galvanické replikace. Při výrobě této optiky je zcela zásadním parametrem mikrodrsnost, určující kvalitu a efektivitu odrazu dopadajícího záření. Zabývali jsme se testováním a porovnáním dvou způsobů zušlechťování povrchu mandrelů. Byla použita technika čištění vysokofrekvenčním plasmatem a opracování iontovým svazkem. Kvalita výsledných povrchů byla vyhodnocována pomocí měření mikroskopie atomárních sil (AFM) a na RTG reflektometru.