The methylated H3 histone and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) are markers of heterochromatin in several eukaryotes possessing monocentric chromosomes. In order to confirm that these epigenetic markers of heterochromatin are evolutionary conserved, the distribution of methylated H3 histones and HP1 homologues on the holocentric chromosomes of the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera) were studied. In particular, PCR experiments with degenerated primers identified a HP1 homologue (called MbHP1) in the M. brassicae genome. Sequencing showed that the MbHP1 gene is 737 bp long including a 102 bp 5'UTR and a 635 bp coding portion (comprising an 80 bp intron). The MbHP1 peptide consisted of 184 amino acids, had a 20 kDa molecular mass and a net negative charge. At the structural level, it showed an N terminal chromo-domain and a chromo-shadow-domain at the C terminus linked by a short hinge region. At the cytogenetic level, MbHP1 was located exclusively in the heterochromatic regions of the chromosomes. The same heterochromatic regions became labelled after immuno-staining with antibodies against H3 histone methylated at lysine 9, reinforcing the hypothesis that this modified histone is essential for HP1 binding. Our data, as a whole, confirm that heterochromatic components and markers are evolutionary conserved both in mono- and holocentric chromosomes despite the difference in the distribution of heterochromatin on chromosomes.
Nine species of the family Cobitidae live in Croatia. Seven species belong to the genus Cobitis and one each to the genera Sabanejewia and Misgurnus. Species such as the C. jadovaensis Mustafić et Mrakovčić, 2008, C. bilineata Canestrini, 1866, C. dalmatina Karaman, 1928, C. illyrica Freyhof et Stelbrink, 2007 and C. narentana Karaman, 1928 live in the Adriatic River Basin (the northern Mediterranean), while the C. elongatoides Bacescu et Maier, 1969, C. elongata Heckel et Kner, 1858, S. balcanica Karaman, 1922 and M. fossilis Linnaeus, 1758 inhabit watercourses of the Danube River Basin. Although most Adriatic taxa appear to be endemic to this area, some researchers have revealed new phylogenetic relationships, suggesting the possibility of more recent taxa exchange with Danube freshwater fish fauna. All members of these genera inhabit either running and/or standing waters. According to IUCN methodology, S. balcanica, C. elongata and M. fossilis in the Danube watershed and C. dalmatina and C. narentana in the Adriatic watershed have been classified as vulnerable. C. elongatoides is in the lower risk category. The newly determined species C. bilineata, C. illyrica and C. jadovaensis will be in the endangered category. Here we present the majority of a total of 20 areas and water bodies included in the proposal of Natura 2000 and which have been selected for the conservation of the species from the family of the Cobitidae.
The paper presents the results of the study of the sediments deposition process in a settling basin by using a k-ε turbulence model. The results obtained are than compared with the results obtained by using 1 and 2 D mathematical models and field measurements. In the first step, the settling basin is designed based on the formulae recommended by classical approach. The transition zone at the entrance of settling basin is then adjusted to satisfy more uniform flow at the beginning of the active zone. The flow velocity variation and bed shear stress distribution over the cross section area are furthermore analyzed and questions suggesting further development of mathematical models are identified. For the second step, a schematized settling basin is then modelled in three-dimensional laterally confined model for the purpose of dealing with turbulences that potentially bring more sediment to the side and to the end of settling basin. Finally, recommendations for the design of settling basin are given by analyzing the results obtained by both mathematical and empirical methods. By comparison of the results obtained and field measurements made in Indonesia, useful design recommendations are derived. and Príspevok obsahuje výsledky štúdia sedimentačného procesu v usadzovacej nádrži s využitím modelu turbulencie k-ε. Takto získané výsledky sú porovnané s tými, ktoré boli získané pomocou jedno- a dvojdimenzionálneho modelu a s terénnymi meraniami. Najskôr bol sedimentačný bazén navrhnutý pomocou klasických vzorcov. Prechodová zóna a vstup do usadzovacieho bazénu bol potom upravený tak, aby zabezpečil relatívne homogénne prúdenie na začiatku aktívnej zóny. Boli analyzované zmeny rýchlosti prúdenia a rozdelenie trecích napätí na dne v priečnych rezoch koryta a boli identifikované problémy, ktoré by umožnili ďalší vývoj matematických modelov tohto javu. V ďalšom kroku bol modelovaný schematizovaný usadzovací bazén ako trojrozmerný, na oboch stranách ohraničený model, aby sa dalo manipulovať s turbulenciou, ktorá by mohla potenciálne dopraviť viac sedimentov na strany a na koniec sedimentačnej nádrže. Nakoniec uvádzame odporúčania pre návrh sedimentačných nádrží, vychádzajúc z výsledkov využitia matematických aj emprických metód. Porovnaním týchto výsledkov s výsledkami terénnych meraní v Indonézii boli navrhnuté užitočné odporúčania.
The principle, relevant theory and properties of the considered actual light reflectance digital imaging colorimetry by means of a suitable three-channel (3CCD) digital color camera are described in the present article. These aspects relate to the chosen commonly acceptable idealized linear model of camera color operations with respect to the standard observer and camera spectral response functions, spectral power density of the illuminant and spectral reflectance of the color sample surface at each pixel location in the camera image plane. The introduced optimal mathematical expressions of analytical and matrix forms relate to the CIE tristimulus color coordinates (X, Y, Z), the camera (R, G, B) digital output color data and the spectral reflectance of a color sample. Their useful relationships are ensured by exploitation of a suitable mean-squares approximation. The linearly combined solutions, proposed in this article, are a useful extension of other approaches in branches dealing with light reflectance color samples. and Prezentovaný článek popisuje princip, příslušnou teorii a vlastnosti uvažované současné světloodrazivé digitální zobrazovací kolorimetrie využívající vhodnou tříkanálovou (3CCD) digitální barevnou kameru. Tato hlediska se vztahují ke zvolenému obvykle přijatelnému idealizovanému lineárnímu modelu kamerových činností se zřetelem k spektrálním funkcím odezvy standardního pozorovatele a kamery, spektrální hustotě výkonu osvětlovače a spektrální odrazivosti povrchu barevného vzorku pro každou pixelovou polohu v obrazové rovině kamery. Zavedené optimální matematické výrazy v analytických a maticových formách se vztahují k CIE třístimulačním barevných souřadnicím (X, Y, Z), výstupním barevným datům (R, G, B)CCD kamery a spektrální odrazivosti barevného vzorku. Jejich užitečné závislosti jsou zajištěny využitím aproximační metody minima středních kvadratických odchylek. Lineárně kombinovaná řešení, navržená v tomto článku, jsou užitečným rozšířením jiných přístupů v odvětvích s reflexními barevnými vzorky.
L’article est consacré à la fibule-pectoral de Želenice, découverte en 1843 et devenue depuis un des objets emblématiques de la recherche archéologique de la Bohême. On propose d’y retrouver une formule de gestion du calendrier luni-solaire, documentée jusqu’ici seulement par une dalle gravée de Knowth en Irlande, du IVe millénaire av. J.-C., un pectoral de Slovaquie de la fin du IIe millénaire et le calendrier gallo-romain de Coligny, du IIe siècle après J.-C. La recherche de son origine s’appuie sur une fibule de Sanzeno (Italie), très proche par la complexité de sa construction et certains détails techniques. Elle suggère une origine centre-alpine de la première moitié du Ve siècle av. J.-C. plutôt que balkanique. and Considerations about the meaning and the origin of the pectoral-brooch from Želenice in Bohemia. The pectoral-brooch from Želenice, discovered in 1843, is one of the most illustrated and discussed Iron age archeological discoveries from Bohemia. A new research, based on a Late bronze age pectoral from Slovakia, indicates a symbolic representation of the measure to correct the difference between lunar and solar year (two supplementary months every five years). Before, only three evidences are known: an engraving on stone slab from Knowth in Ireland, from the fourth millenium B.C., the Slovak pectoral, dated around 1200 B.C., and the calendar of Coligny, second century A.D. The origin of the pectoral-brooch from Želenice, now dated in the fifth century B.C., seems to be central alpine area rather than Balkans.
Similar to other advanced semiotic systems, we differ three aspects in the magic fairy-tale - creation The study deals with the analysis of the source Consignatio Processionum ex Decanatibus Parochii in Marchionatus Moravia existencibus annue Duci Solitarum (1771, written in Latin and deposited in the archive funds of the Olomouc Consistory, which brings knowledge concerning pilgrim activities in Moravia, or, more precisely, in the diocese of Olomouc in 1771. The source lists 448 locations in total, from which people made collective pilgrimages or processions, several villages from one parish frequently setting off on a common pilgrimage. On the basis of the analysis of Consignatio processionum [...] we can find out that during 1771, pilgrims from the whole of the diocese of Olomouc set off on journeys to 328 places. Out of these 328 places, 91 were places of pilgrimage of varying importance (including places abroad), in further 70 places we cannot claim with certainty that we deal with a place of pilgrimage of local importance, or if people made a pilgrimage there in connection with the church or chapel patronal feast day. On the basis of the established data, we can form an idea about the density of the pilgrim traffic, the number of the places visited, or for example the destinations of the pilgrims beyond the borders of Moravia (whether Polish Częstochowa, Hungarian Šaštín, or Styrian Mariazell), and a number of other factors connected with carrying out collective pilgrimages.
A robust version of the Ordinary Least Squares accommodating the idea of weighting the order statistics of the squared residuals (rather than directly the squares of residuals) is recalled and its properties are studied. The existence of solution of the corresponding extremal problem and the consistency under heteroscedasticity is proved.
As part of a modern review of all Australian Collembola families, a key is provided to the nine genera of Brachystomellidae currently known from Australia, their morphology is compared, their distribution within and outside Australia is noted and the high diversity of genera in southern regions emphasised. Three Australian genera are endemic, five are also found in South America, South Africa and/or New Zealand and one has a cosmopolitan distribution. The distribution, ecology and habitat preferences of Australian genera are compared. Two genera, Cassagnella Najt & Massoud and Rapoportella Ellis & Bellinger, are newly diagnosed and additions to the description of C. anomala Womersley are given. Australian Cassagnella species appear restricted to southern, humid regions and C. anomala possesses some characters that indicate it is adapted to living in habitats that are periodically flooded. A new species, Rapoportella edwardi sp. n. is described in the rarer genus from drier eucalypt forests. The effect of agricultural practices on an introduced species of Brachystomella is noted and its indicator value emphasised. Possible threats to the endemic genera and species are noted., Penelope Greenslade., and Obsahuje bibliografii