The discrete state space representation of the Kalinin-Miljukov model was used as the basis for a multilinear discrete cascade flood routing model. The time distribution scheme of model inputs was employed in the setup of the multilinear model and the travel-time parameter of the model was allowed to vary with discharge. The relationship between travel-time and discharge for a reach of the Hron River between Brezno and Banska Bystrica was studied. Empirical models of that relation have been considered that would fit the data and would be consistent with the physical interpretation of the factors determining the relation. Seven such fitted empirical models were used to model the variability of the time parameter in the discrete state space representation of the Kalinin and Miljukov model. The performance of the multilinear model was verified on five flood waves. The modelling results showed that the inclusion of empirical information on the variability of the travel-time with discharge enables satisfactory accuracy of the prediction of the flood propagation process without needing to calibrate the model on pairs of input-output hydrographs. The choice of an appropriate travel-time discharge relationship was briefly discussed. and Jednou z možností riešenia transformácie povodňových vĺn v korytách tokov je používanie multilineárnych modelov, teda niekoľkých lineárnych modelov odpovedajúcich rôznym odtokovým situáciám. Cieľom štúdie bolo preveriť parametrizáciu takejto schémy zohľadňujúcu zmenu postupovej doby vrcholov prietokových vĺn v závislosti na prietoku z hľadiska jeho aplikovateľnosti v podmienkach horského toku s premenlivým bočným prítokom. Za základ zavedenia multilinearity sme zvolili model Kalinina a Miljukova, ktorý sme formulovali v stavovom priestore. Použili sme schému tzv. časového delenia vstupov do multilineárneho modelu, pri ktorom sa na výpočte podieľajú rôzne lineárne submodely striedavo za sebou v sérii. Vzhľadom na silný nemeraný bočný prítok viazali sme premenlivosť koeficienta k modelu na výstupný prietok riečneho úseku (na rozdiel od predošlých prác, kde sme použili vstup do riečneho úseku). Experimentálne sme overili niekoľko spôsobov odhadu tohto parametra pre transformáciu prietoku na Hrone medzi Breznom a Banskou Bystricou. Použili sme postupové doby odhadnuté z 28 historických prietokových vĺn a priemerné hodinové prietoky z Brezna, Mýta, Hronca a Banskej Bystrice z obdobia 1998 až 2002. Výhodou riešenia s pohyblivou postupovou dobou sa ukázalo, že jeden parameter modelu je odvodený z vlastností vstupno-výstupného správania sa riečneho úseku a priama kalibrácia modelu sa tak stáva prebytočnou.
Given Banach spaces~ $X$, $Y$ and a compact Hausdorff space~ $K$, we use polymeasures to give necessary conditions for a multilinear operator from $C(K,X)$ into~ $Y$ to be completely continuous (resp.~ unconditionally converging). We deduce necessary and sufficient conditions for~ $X$ to have the Schur property (resp.~ to contain no copy of~ $c_0$), and for~ $K$ to be scattered. This extends results concerning linear operators.
Giardiasis is a common gastrointestinal infection of humans and animals with a worldwide distribution. Eight genetic groups (known as assemblages A to H) are currently recognised within the species complex of Giardia duodenalis (Lambl, 1859), of which assemblages A and B are responsible for infection of humans and other mammalian hosts. Genotyping data on giardiasis are not available from Slovenia. In this work, we have characterised isolates of G. duodenalis from 85 human symptomatic cases collected during 2002-2013. Genomic DNAs were first tested by a real-time (rt) PCR assay and then by conventional PCR at three loci (beta-giardin, bg; triose phosphate isomerase, tpi; and glutamate dehydrogenase, gdh). We found that the threshold cycle (Ct) values in rt-PCR testing were higher for samples collected during 2002-2005 and that this was paralleled by a low amplification rate in conventional PCR (6 of 32, i.e. 19%). In contrast, lower Ct values and higher amplification rate (45 of 53; 85%) were observed for samples collected during 2006-2013, suggesting an adverse effect of prolonged freezing of stools. Assemblages A and B were found with an almost identical frequency in the 51 genotyped samples. In agreement with previous studies, sequences from assemblage B isolates were characterised by larger genetic variability and by the presence of heterogeneous positions, which made assignment to specific genotypes difficult. Less variability was observed in sequences from assemblage A isolates, which belonged to the human-specific subassemblage AII. These data showed that the genotypes of G. duodenalis that circulate in humans in Slovenia are similar to those previously identified in Europe., Barbara Šoba, Sabina Islamović, Miha Skvarč, Simone M. Cacciò., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A total of 181 faecal samples were collected from wild cervids in two regions of Poland. Giardia cysts were detected in one faecal specimen from red deer and in two samples from roe deer. Fragments of the β-giardin (bg) triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes were successfully amplified from the Giardia isolate obtained from red deer, whereas only amplicons of bg and gdh were obtained from Giardia isolates derived from two roe deer. The result of genotyping and phylogenetic analysis showed that the G. duodenalis isolate from red deer belonged to sub-assemblage AIII, which has never been identified in humans, whereas isolates from roe deer clustered within zoonotic sub-assemblage AI. Further studies are necessary to explain which Giardia assemblages and/or sub-assemblages occur in wild cervids in various regions of the world. Moreover, the impact of Giardia infection on the health of wild cervids should also be elucidated.
We combined mitochondrial (cyb, control region, coi, nd4) and nuclear (irbp, ghr, sry, lcat) DNA sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships of arvicoline voles. The concatenated supermatrix contained 72.8 % of missing data. From this dataset, Bayesian inference showed close relationships of Arvicola and Chionomys, Proedromys with Lasiopodomys and Microtus gregalis, Phaiomys with Neodon and M. clarkei. Genus Microtus formed a supported group with Blanfordimys and N. juldaschi. The gene partition taxon sets were explained in the multilocus phylogeny in such a way that the resulting Bayesian inference tree represented a unique solution on a terrace in the tree space. This means that although the supermatrix contained a large proportion of missing data, it was informative in retrieving a phylogeny with a unique optimality score, tree likelihood.
Multimammate mice of the genus Mastomys are widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and occur in a wide range of open habitats. Representatives of this genus are the most common African rodents, the main vertebrate agricultural pests and vectors of human pathogens. In Ethiopia, the biogeographically most complex eastern African country, several species have been reported, but their distribution has never been described because of their cryptic morphology. Here we present genetically identified species from 377 Ethiopian Mastomys specimens and analyse their distributional patterns. The genus, represented by four species, inhabits most of the country, with the exception of the highest mountains and dry areas, such as the Afar triangle and the Somali region. For the first time we document M. kollmannspergeri from a single locality in the northernmost part of Ethiopia. Three previously recorded species are more widespread – M. erythroleucus was found at 32 localities, M. natalensis at 13 localities and the Ethiopian endemic species M. awashensis at 18 localities. and Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences indicates that only one of the six phylogroups of M. natalensis and one of the four phylogroups of M. erythroleucus are represented in Ethiopia. Haplotype network analysis indicates two subclades of Ethiopian M. erythroleucus separated by the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Using presence records, we constructed distribution models for the species and analysed the level of overlap. The predicted distribution shows most overlap between M. awashensis and M. natalensis, which is in agreement with empirical data as both species were found in sympatry at four localities. A medium level of overlap was predicted between M. natalensis and M. erythroleucus and both species were found co-existing at two localities. This study not only presents the first detailed distribution of cryptic Mastomys species, but also clearly identifies multimammate mice as model taxa for future evolutionary studies (e.g. the evolution of coexistence or host-parasite interactions) and indicates the regions suitable for such studies.
The affective state of car drivers has a great impact on their driving behavior. In case of a high stress level, car drivers take more risk in turn over, car following and in neglecting traffic warning signs. In the paper we present first a list of factors which have an impact on the psychological state of the car driver with a focus on the affective state of car drivers. Next we give an outline of our multimodal system to assess the affective state of car drivers by analysis of facial expressions and speech signals. The output of our system is the basic input of a stress-o-meter providing the amount of the stress in a graphical way. We assume that this leads to a reduction of physical arousal and mental reappraisal of the situation. We present some experimental results of our assessment modules. So far we performed only lab experiments. At this moment we research noise canceling techniques in the car environment, which enable video and speech analysis in the car in real traffic environments.
Growth of the A549 cell line in a perfusion system suitable for use in a magnetic resonance study has been characterized and shown to be stable physiologically and hence appropriate for serial observations. Several methods of monitoring cell growth were compared to assess the behavior of the cells in this system. Comparison between NMR metabolite data and cell growth via cell counting showed that 31P NMR signals accurately reported cell doubling time. In contrast to most NMR cell culture systems, viable cells can be recovered from the perfusion system after the NMR measurements for further biochemical studies. These data further suggest that this system will be useful for studying the physiology and biochemistry of exponentially growing cells for at least two days in NMR tube culture., E. G. Shankland, J. C. Livesey, R. W. Wiseman, K. A. Krohn., and Obsahuje bibliografii