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3812. C4 species and their response to large-scale longitudinal climate variables along the Northeast China Transect (NECT)

Creator:
Wang, R. Z.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
C4 plants, climatic pattern, large-scale longitudinal gradient, and life form
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Natural occurrence of C4 species, life forms, and their longitudinal distribution patterns along the Northeast China Transect (NECT) were studied. Six vegetation regions experiencing similar irradiation regimes, but differing in longitude, precipitation, and altitude were selected along the NECT from 108 to 131 °E, around altitude of 43.5 °N. Seventy C4 species were identified in 41 genera and 13 families. 84 % of the total C4 species were found in four families: Gramineae (38 species), Chenopodiaceae (11 species), Cyperaceae (5 species), and Amaranthaceae (5 species). C4 grasses make up 54 % of the total identified C4 species along the NECT and form the leading C4 family in meadow, steppe, and desert along the NECT. C4Chenopodiaceae species make up about 16 % of the C4 species and become less important, particularly in the meadow and the eastern end of the NECT. 57 % of the total C4 species are therophytes and 37 % are hemicryptophytes, which is consistent with floristic composition and land utilization. In general, the number of C4 species decreased significantly from the west to the east or from dry to moist areas along the NECT, and was remarkably correlated with annual precipitation (r2= 0.677) and aridity (r2= 0.912), except for salinized meadow region. The proportion of C4 species from all the six vegetation regions was considerably correlated with these two climatic parameters (r2= 0.626 or 0.706, respectively). These findings suggest that the natural occurrence of C4 species varies significantly along the large-scale longitudinal gradient of the NECT. The notable relationship of C4 species number and proportion in the flora with variations in annual precipitation and aridity suggest that these two climatic parameters are the main factors controlling the longitudinal distribution patterns of C4 species along the NECT.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3813. Ca-ATPase of human myometrium plasma membranes

Creator:
Carrera, F., Proverbio, T., Marín, R., and Proverbio, F.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hladké svaly, smooth muscles, calcium adenosine triphosphatase, human myometrium, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We determined and characterized the Mg2+-dependent, Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (Ca-ATPase) activity in cell plasma membranes from the myometrium of pregnant women, and compared these characteristics to those of the active Ca2+-transport already demonstrated in this tissue. Similarly to the Ca2+-transport system, the Ca2+-ATPase is Mg2+-dependent, stimulated by calmodulin, and inhibited by vanadate. The Km for Ca2+ activation is 0.40 m M, very similar to that found for active calcium transport, i.e. 0.25 m M. Consequently, this Ca2+-ATPase can be responsible for the active calcium transport across the plasma membranes of smooth muscle cells., F. Carrera, T. Proverbio, R. Marín, F. Proverbio., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3814. Ca2+ oscillations and its transporters in mesenchymal stem cells

Creator:
Ye, B.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, vápník, kmity, calcium, oscillations, mesenchymal stem cells, transporters, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Intracellular free Ca2+ is one of important biological signals regulating a number of cell functions. It has been discussed widely and extensively in several cell types during the past two decades. Attention has been paid to the Ca2+ transportation in mesenchymal stem cells in recent years as mesenchymal stem cells have gained considerable interest due to their potential for cell replacement therapy and tissue engineering. In this paper, roles of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations and its transporters in mesenchymal stem cells have been reviewed., B. Ye., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3817. Cadmium and zinc induced chlorosis in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern] involves preferential loss of chlorophyll b

Creator:
Ebbs, S. and Uchil, S.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
heavy metals
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Plants of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) were treated with either 50 µM Cd, 250 µM Zn, or 25 µM Cd+125 µM Zn and the progression of chlorosis in the mature leaves monitored. As relative chlorophyll (Chl) contents in the mature leaves decreased to 75, 50, and 25 % relative to controls, both mature and young leaves were harvested and the Chl pools extracted. The metal treatments caused a greater loss of Chl b than Chl a. As mature leaves underwent progressive chlorosis, the young leaves displayed a characteristic over-greening, due largely to increased content of Chl b. However, as the young leaves began to experience chlorosis, a greater loss of Chl b was also observed. Thus during metal induced chlorosis, there is a preferential turnover of the Chl b pool in mature and young leaves. and S. Ebbs, S. Uchil.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3818. Cadmium chloride toxicity revisited: effect on certain andrological, endocrinological and biochemical parameters of adult male rabbits

Creator:
Sajjad, S., Malik, H., Farooq, U., Rashid, F., Nasim, H., Tariq, S., and Rehman, S.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, kadmium, kortizol, cadmium, cortisol, endocrine disruptors, prolactin, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The present study was devised to assess the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) administration on certain andrological, endocrinological and biochemical alterations in adult male rabbits (n=24). The animals were assigned to control (n=8) and experimental (n=16) group. Experimental group was orally administered with 1.5 mg/kg body weight of CdCl2. The trials were carried out for a total of 5 weeks and blood sampling was carried out on weekly basis. A gradual decrease was noticed for body weight in the experimental group from week 1 to 5, being significantly lower in week 4 and 5 (P<0.05). A similar decremented trend was noticed for serum testosterone level being significantly lower in experimental group in week 4 and 5 (P<0.001). Significantly lower values were noticed for prolactin in experimental group in week 4 and 5 (P<0.05), than in the control. On the contrary, serum cortisol level showed a gradual increase in experimental group, from week 1 to 5, being significantly higher in week 4 and 5 (P<0.05). Regarding the biochemical attributes, all the parameters under study revealed a gradually ascending trend. Statistical significance was, however, achieved in varying weeks and at varying levels. The total protein and albumin were significantly higher in week 4 and 5 (P<0.01); alanine aminotransferase in week 2 (P<0.01), 3 (P<0.001), 4 (P<0.01) and 5 (P<0.001); aspartate aminotransferase in week 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (P<0.01); and alkaline phosphatase in week 1, 2 (P<0.01), 3, 4 and 5 (P<0.0001), respectively. Overall mortality rate in experimental group was 68.75 (11/16). In a nutshell, Cd exposure results in adverse effects on all physiological parameters of body and may lead to lethal consequences., S. Sajjad, H. Malik, U. Farooq, F. Rashid, H. Nasim, S. Tariq, S. Rehman., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3819. Cadmium induced ultrastructural changes in shoot apical meristem of Elodea canadensis Rich.

Creator:
Stoyanova, D. and Tchakalova, E.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
plastid, plastoglobuli, starch, and thylakoid
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The ultrastructure of cells of ground meristem in the peripheral zone of shoot apical meristem in Elodea canadensis Rich. was studied after treatment with cadmium in concentrations 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 g(Cd2+) m-3. After 5 d treatment, changes in the structural organisation of the plastid apparatus were found, namely in proplastid, amyloplast, and amoeboid stages of plastid development. and D. Stoyanova, E. Tchakalova.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3820. Cadmium is acutely toxic for murine hepatocytes: effects on intracellular free Ca2+ homeostasis

Creator:
Wang, S. S., Chen, L., and Xia, S. K.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, biochemie, toxicita, kadmium, jaterní buňky, homeostáza, biochemistry, toxicity, cadmium, liver cells, homeostasis, kalciový iont, calcium ion, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
We studied cadmium toxicity in murine hepatocytes in vitro. Cadmium effects on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were assayed, using a laser scanning confocal microscope with a fluorescent probe, Fluo-3/AM. The results showed that administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 5, 10, 25 μM) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of hepatocyte viability and an elevated aspartate aminotransfe rase (AST) activity in the culture medium (p<0.05 for 25 μM CdCl2 vs. control). Significant increases of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in 10 and 25 μM CdCl2-exposed groups were observed (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). A greatly decreased albumin content and a more malondialdehyde (MDA) formation also occurred after CdCl2 treatment. The Ca2+ concentrations in the culture medium of CdCl2-exposed hepatocytes were significantly decreased, while [Ca2+]i appeared to be significantly elevated (p<0.05 or p<0.01 vs. control). We found that in Ca2+-containing hydroxyethyl piperazine ethanesulfonic acid-buffered salt solution (HBSS) only, CdCl2 elicited [Ca2+]i increases, which comprised an initially slow ascent and a strong elevated phase. However, in Ca2+-containing HBSS with addition of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borane (2-APB), CdCl2 caused a mild [Ca 2+] i elevation in the absence of an initial rise phase. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ showed that CdCl2 induced an initially slow [Ca2+]i rise alone without being followed by a markedly elevated phase, but in a Ca2+-free HBSS with addition of 2-APB, CdCl2 failed to elicit the [Ca2+]i elevation. These results suggest that abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis due to cadmium may be an important mechanism of the development of the toxic effect in murine hepatocytes. [Ca2+]i elevation in acutely cadmium-exposed hepatocytes is closely related to the extracellular Ca2+ entry and an excessive release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores., S. S. Wang, L. Chen, S. K. Xia., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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