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39742. Únor 1948 a vídeňští Češi
- Creator:
- Hallama, Peter
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Studie rakouského autora pojednává o tom, jak komunistický režim v Československu po svém nástupu ovlivňoval politický život české menšiny ve Vídni. Konstatuje, že Komunistická strana Československa se na vídeňské krajany snažila působit už od konce války, a to prostřednictvím pražského ministerstva zahraničí, vyslanectví ve Vídni a Československého ústavu zahraničního. Po mocenském převratu se hlavní váha v tomto směru přenesla na ústřední stranické orgány, zejména mezinárodní oddělení Ústředního výboru KSČ, a přímý kontakt zajišťovaly výjezdy různých emisarů do Vídně. Krajanské aktivity vídeňských Čechů (a části Slováků) po válce zastřešoval Československý ústřední výbor ve Vídni, sdružující čtyři politické strany podle československého vzoru a nepolitické spolky. Komunisté mezi nimi tvořili zvláštní sekce v Komunistické straně Rakouska, podléhali však přitom autoritě svých soudruhů v Praze. V únoru 1948 se snažili kopírovat jejich postup a vytvořili Ústřední akční výbor Čechů a Slováků ve Vídni, s účastí zástupců dalších stran. Tento krok vnesl do řad menšiny rozkol, který se výrazně projevil i v konfliktu mezi komunisty a sociálními demokraty o ovládnutí menšinového tisku, vyhrocenou situaci komentovala rakouská i československá média. Komunistická strana Československa nyní v obavách z poklesu svého vlivu v menšině intervenovala ve prospěch zachování její jednoty. Na podzim 1948 se jejím emisarům povedlo inscenovat obnovení ochromeného Československého ústředního výboru ve Vídni, v čele s komunistou a vstřícným sociálním demokratem, od nějž si slibovali, že se stane nástrojem jejich politiky. Rozbroje v menšině se však záhy rozhořely s novou silou. Poměry od padesátých do devadesátých let pak autor ve stručnosti líčí jako „čtyři desetiletí studené války uvnitř menšiny“. and This article by an Austrian political scientist and historian discusses how the Czechoslovak Communist regime influenced the political life of the Czech minority in Vienna. The author argues that the Czechoslovak Communist Party (CPCz) tried to influence the Czechs of Vienna right from the end of the Second World War through the Czechoslovak Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Czechoslovak Ambassador to Austria, and the Foreign Czechoslovak Institute. After the Communists took power in February 1948 most of this work shifted to the central institutions of the Party, particularly the international department of the Central Committee, and direct contact was ensured by various emissaries sent from Prague to Vienna. The activity of the Vienna Czechs (and some Slovaks) after the war was conducted under the umbrella of the Central Committee of Czechoslovaks, in which four political parties on the Czechoslovak model and non-political associations were associated. The Communists among them formed a special section in the Communist Party of Austria, but were subordinate to the authority of their comrades in Prague. In February 1948 they endeavoured to copy the Czechoslovak Communist approach, and created a Central Action Committee of Czechs and Slovaks in Vienna, in which members of other parties were also represented. This step brought dissension into the ranks of the Czech minority, which was manifested clearly in the conflict between Communists and Social Democrats over who would control the Czech minority press. The rising tensions were commented on by the Austrian and Czechoslovak news media. The CPCz, fearing its influence on the minority waning, intervened in favour of maintaining unity amongst them. In autumn 1948 Communist Party emissaries managed to stage the restoration of the paralyzed Tschechoslowakischer Zentralausschuss in Vienna, led by a Communist and an accommodating Social Democrat whom they were confident they could manipulate. The quarrels amongst the members of the Czech minority quickly worsened, however. The situation from the 1950s to the 1990s is concisely described by the author as “four decades of Cold War within one minority".
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
39743. Únor 1948 v dějinách Československa: sborník studií z teoretického semináře
- Creator:
- Václav Peša
- Publisher:
- Ústav marxismu-leninismu VUT Brno and Ústav československých a světových dějin ČSAV
- Format:
- print and 135 s.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Dějiny Česka a Slovenska, 1948, Únor (1948 : Československo), státní převraty, komunistický režim, bolševizace, zemědělská politika, Československo, 94(437)"1948", 329.15:329.8, 323.276, (437), (063), 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech, German, and Russian
- Description:
- red. Václav Peša ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
39744. Unregarded Buddhist-Christian parallels
- Creator:
- Derrett, J. Duncan M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Buddhist-Christian parallels
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Instances are proffered where it seems Buddhists have been stimulated by Judeo-Christian material. Openness to wisdom emanating from a non-Indian Buddha is documented already in the Mahāyāna, but the majority of these present instances are taken from Theravāda literature. It seems material emanating from Jews was assimilated before the suttas were finalized. If so, "openness" established before being rationalized and lauded in the Mahāyāna.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
39745. Untersuchungen über die Klimatischen Verhältnisse von Beirut, Syrien
- Creator:
- Stanislav Kostlivý
- Publisher:
- Verlag der königl. böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften
- Format:
- print, svazek, and 159 stran : ilustrace, grafy, tabulky.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, 19. století, klima, klimatické podmínky, meteorologická měření, climate, climatic conditions, meteorological measurements, Bejrút (Libanon), Sýrie, Beirut (Lebanon), Syria, 551.58, 551.583, 551.501, (569.3), (569.1), (049), (083.41), 7, and 551
- Language:
- German
- Description:
- von Stanislav Kostlivý., NTM, and Vorgelegt in der Sitzung der königl. Böhm. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Prag am 14. Oktober 1904.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
39746. Untimely sleepiness: The problem and the current state of its management
- Creator:
- Dostálová , Simona and Šonka, Karel
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Sleep quality, sleep quantity, circadian rhythm, sleepiness, sleepiness countermeasure, and vigilance
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In modern society, many people keep working hours different from the standard (9 hours, 5 days a week during conventional time of the day), a regimen leading to sleep deprivation and/or circadian desynchronization, and, consequently, to sleepiness, fatigue, impaired efficiency and ultimately to psychic and somatic complaints. Fortunately, sleepiness-related health and occupational hazards can be kept under control using scientifically tested precautions designed to help maintain wakefulness. Suitable work and rest scheduling and observance of the principles of sleep hygiene are of major importance there. In situations which interfere with sleep, it is possible to use hypnotics or behavioral techniques and melatonin for circadian regimen optimization. In situations when sleep loss is temporarily inevitable, options to be taken into account include work shift shortening, breaks for rest, naps of short duration or administration of vigilance enhancing drugs. In the future, risks associated with sleepiness could be mitigated by means of currently developed technologies for real-time detection of sleepiness.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
39747. Unusual complement of three AKH octapeptides in two species of grasshoppers (Caelifera)
- Creator:
- Gäde, Gerd
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Caelifera, Lamarckiana sparrmani, Pamphagidae, Zonocerus elegans, Pyrgomorphidae, adipokinetic peptide, peptide sequencing, Edman sequencing, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and octapeptides
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The corpora cardiaca (CC) of the two grasshopper species Zonocerus elegans (Pyrgomorphidae) and Lamarckiana sparrmani (Pamphagidae) contain (a) substance(s) that cause(s) hyperlipaemia in the migratory locust and hypertrehalosaemia in the American cockroach. Isolation of neuropeptides belonging to the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) family was achieved by single-step reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography of CC extracts from both species and monitoring tryptophan fluorescence. The material of both species showed three distinct fluorescence peaks with adipokinetic activity in the migratory locust. The peptides were identifid by at least two of the following methods: (1) sequencing by Edman degradation, (2) sequencing by tandem fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, (3) mass determination by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry and (4) co-elution of the native and synthetic peptides. Both species were found to have three AKH peptides stored in the CC, but unlike in other grasshoppers, none of those peptides were decapeptides. In Z. elegans the following three octapeptides occur: Schgr-AKH-II (pELNFSTGWamide), Peram-CAH-II (pELTFTPNWamide) and Phymo-AKH-III (pEINFTPWWamide), whereas L. sparrmani contains the octapeptides Grybi-AKH (pEVNFSTGWamide), Pyrap-AKH (pELNFTPNWamide) and also Phymo-AKH-III. Conspecific bioassays show no adipokinetic and only a weak (not significant) hypertrehalosaemic effect (in the pamphagid grasshopper). Some explanations are offered on the possible role of these peptides in the species investigated by interpreting their life style.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
39748. Unusual host plant of Hoplitis pici, a bee with hooked bristles on its mouthparts (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Osmiini)
- Creator:
- Müller, Andreas
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Osmiine bees, Hoplitis, oligolectic, pollen-harvesting device, Muscari, and Hyacinthaceae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hoplitis pici (Friese, 1899) is a rare species of bee occurring in southeast Europe, Turkey and the Near East. The females are equipped with conspicuous hooked bristles on the galeae of the proboscis. Microscopical analysis of both pollen contained in the abdominal scopa and sticking to the bodies of females indicates a distinct preference of H. pici for the flowers of Muscari Miller (Hyacinthaceae), which are characterized by having the anthers completely hidden within an urn-shaped corolla. Field observations showed that the specialized bristles serve to scrape pollen out of the Muscari flowers. Specialized bristles aiding female bees to extract pollen from narrow flower tubes must have independently evolved at least eight times in osmiine bees. H. pici is the only osmiine species known to use its pollen-harvesting bristles to exploit host plants other than narrow-tubed Boraginaceae.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
39749. Unusual motion of Amor
- Creator:
- Ziołkowski, K.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- space research, minor planet Amor, and motion of asteroids
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Rrecise analysis of the orbit of minor planet (1221) Amor, based on all observations made In 1932-1980, shows that in 1956 there was an unexplained event in the motion of the asteroid. Possible interpretations of that fact as well as peculiarities in the long-term motion of Amor in 1650-2170 are discussed. The ephemeris of Amor for 1988 is presented.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
39750. ÚOCHB na výstave EXPO 2010
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public