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22. Anticonvulsant action of a new analogue of allopregnanolone in immature rats
- Creator:
- Pavel Mareš, Kubová, H., and Alexander Kasal
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, neuroactive steroids, ganaxolone, pentylenetetrazol, convulsions, developing rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Neuroactive steroids represent potential antiepileptic drugs. We tested a newly synthesized analogue of allopregnanolone 3α- hydroxy-21ξ,22-oxido-21-homo-5α-pregnan-20-on (HOHP) against two types of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures (100 mg/kg s.c.) in 12- and 25-day-old rats. Ganaxolone, a neuroactive steroid in clinical trials, served as a reference drug. Pretreatment with either steroid suppressed generalized tonicclonic seizures in both age groups, their efficacy was comparable. HOHP as well as ganaxolone were more active in 12- than in 25-day-old rats (effective doses were 40 and 60 mg/kg, respectively). Minimal clonic seizures, which can be elicited only in 25-day-old rats, were not influenced by any drug. Very short duration of anticonvulsant action of HPOP demonstrated in 12-day-old animals indicates that this drug might be used only in acute treatment in epileptology., P. Mareš, H. Kubová, A. Kasal., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
23. Anticonvulsant action of GABA-B receptor agonist SKF97541 differs from that of baclofen
- Creator:
- Pavel Mareš
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Experimentální medicína, fyziologie, spazmy, ontogeneze, potkan, physiology, spasms, ontogeny, Rattus norvegicus, GABA-B receptor, agonist, convulsions, 14, and 616-092
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- GABA-B receptor agonist SKF97541 exhibits age-dependent anticonvulsant and proconvulsant actions in developing rats. It suppressed tonic phase of generalized seizures induced by pentetrazol in 7-, 12- and 18-day-old rats and increased their latency in 7- and 12-day-old animals. Other results in 18-day-old animals are not so clear. SKF 97541 blocked the appearance of minimal clonic seizures, but tended to decrease latencies of both types of seizures. In addition, it significantly decreases latency of generalized seizures in adult rats. The mixed effects of SKF97541 are in agreement with those of baclofen but there are substantial differences between the actions of these two agonists in individual age groups., P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24. Antioxidant and vascular effects of gliclazide in type 2 diabetic rats fed high-fat diet
- Creator:
- Sena, C. M., Louro, T., Matafome, P., Nunes, E., Monteiro, P., and Seiça, R.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, endotel, oxid dusnatý, diabetes mellitus, oxidační stres, physiology, endothelium, nitric oxide, oxidative stress, gliclazide, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Diabetes mellitus is characterized by oxidative stress, which in turn determines endothelial dysfunction. Gliclazide is a sulphonylurea antidiabetic drug with antioxidant effects due to its azabicyclo-octyl ring. It has been reported to potentially protect the vasculature through improvements in plasma lipid levels and platelet function. We hypothesized that gliclazide has a beneficial effect on endothelial function in Goto-Kakizaki rats (GK), an animal model of type 2 diabetes fed an atherogenic diet for 4 months. We evaluated the influence of gliclazide on both metabolic and oxidative status and NO-mediated vasodilation. GKAD rats showed increased oxidative stress and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. GKAD rats treated with gliclazide showed increased sensitivity to NO-mediated vasodilation, a significant decrease in fasting glycemia and insulinemia, and a significant decrease in systemic oxidative stress. In conclusion, our results suggest that gliclazide treatment improves NO-mediated vasodilation in diabetic GK rats with dyslipidemia probably due to its antioxidant effects, although we cannot rule out substantial benefits due to a reduction in fasting blood glucose. The availability of a compound that simultaneously decreases hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and inhibits oxidative stress is a promising therapeutic candidate for the prevention of vascular complications of diabetes., C. M. Sena ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25. Antioxidant status, lipoprotein profile and liver lipids in rats fed on high-cholesterol diet containing currant oil rich in n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Creator:
- Rostislav Večeřa, Nina Škottová, Petr Váňa, Ludmila Kazdová, Chmela, Z., Zdeněk Švagera, Daniela Walterová, Jitka Ulrichová, and Šimánek, V.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, lipidy, physiology, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, currant oil, antioxidant status, lipoprotein profile, liver lipids, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Plant-based n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) possess a prospective antiatherogenic potential. Currant oil from Ribes nigrum L. is one of the few plant oils containing PUFAn-3 (15.3 mol%) in addition to PUFAn-6 (60.5 mol%). This study was aimed at comparing the effects of currant oil with those of lard fat, rich in saturated (43.8 mol%) and monounsaturated (47.0 mol%) fatty acids, on antioxidant parameters, the lipoprotein profile and liver lipids in rats fed on 1 % (w/w) cholesterol diets containing either 10 % of currant oil (COD) or lard fat (LFD). After 3 weeks of feeding, the COD induced a significant decrease in blood glutathione (GSH) and an increase in Cu2+ induced oxidizability of serum lipids, but did not affect liver GSH and t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipoperoxidation of liver microsomes. Although the COD did not cause accumulation of liver triacylglycerols as LFD, the lipoprotein profile (VLDL, LDL, HDL) was not significantly improved after COD. The consumption of PUFAn-3 was reflected in LDL as an increase in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. These results suggest that currant oil affects positively the lipid metabolism in the liver, above all it does not cause the development of a fatty liver. However, adverse effects of currant oil on the antioxidant status in the blood still remain of concern., R. Večeřa, N. Škottová, P. Váňa, L. Kazdová, Z. Chmela, Z. Švagera, D. Walterová, J. Ulrichová, V. Šimánek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26. Antioxidants and vitamins in clinical conditions
- Creator:
- Zdeněk Zadák, Radomír Hyšpler, Alena Tichá, Miloslav Hronek, Fikrová, P., Jana Rathouská, Dana Hrnčiariková, and Štětina, R.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, antioxidanty, vitaminy, physiology, antioxidants, vitamins, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Various reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be produced from normal biochemical, essential metabolic processes or from external sources as exposure to a variety of agents presented in the environment. Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and DNA are all capable of reacting with ROS and can be implicated in etiology of various human disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, lung diseases etc.). In the organism damage by ROS is counteracted with natural antioxidants (glutathione peroxidases, superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione, ubiquinol, uric acid, and essential minerals) and nutritional antioxidants from diet (i.e. vitamins E, C, carotenoids). Possible mechanisms of nutritional depletion and side effects of high intake are in the article described., Z. Zadák ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
27. Aortic butyrylcholinesterase is reduced in spontaneously hypertensive rats
- Creator:
- Szmicseková, Kristína, Bies Piváčková, Lenka, Kiliánová, Zuzana, Slobodová, Ľubica, Křenek, Peter, and Hrabovská, Anna
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- acetylcholin, fyziologie, acetylcholine, physiology, rat aorta, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, spontaneously hypertensive rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Despite the fact that vessels have sparse cholinergic innervation, acetylcholine (ACh), the primary neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system, has been commonly used in physiological experiments to assess vascular function. ACh is hydrolyzed by two cholinesterases (ChE), namely acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). However, little is known about these enzymes in blood vessels. The aim of the project was to characterize the expression and activity of ChE in rat aorta. As the effect of ACh on vascular tone depends on the presence of endothelium, Wistar rats were used as a model with intact endothelium and spontaneously hypertensive rats as a model of impaired endothelial function. Relative expressions of both ChE in different parts of the aorta were determined using RT-qPCR. Enzyme activities were assessed in tissue homogenates by Ellman's assay. Here we showed that both ChE are present in each part of rat aorta, while mRNA is more abundant for BChE than for AChE, irrespective of aortic compartment or genotype. Normotensive Wistar rats possess higher aortic mRNA expression and activity of BChE compared to SHR. We concluded that BChE is the dominant type of ChE in rat aorta and it might play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone., Kristína Szmicseková, Lenka Bies Piváčková, Zuzana Kiliánová, Ľubica Slobodová, Peter Křenek, Anna Hrabovská., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28. Arterial stiffening contributes to impairment of cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with coronary artery disease without carotid stenosis
- Creator:
- David Ručka, Marek, J., Rucklová, Z., Jean-Claude Lubanda, Štěpán Havránek, Jan Škvařil, Verejka, P., Miroslav Chochola, Debora Karetová, Korinek, J., and Aleš Linhart
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, věnčité tepny, fyziologie, coronary arteries, physiology, cerebrovascular reactivity, arterial stiffness, coronary artery disease, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), an important risk factor for future stroke, is affected by a presence carotid stenosis. However, in some cases CVR can be impaired in the absence of carotid stenosis due to several poorly characterized mechanisms. We hypothesized that arterial stiffening as observed in coronary heart disease (CHD) could be associated with alteration in CVR in CHD patients without carotid stenosis. The study population consisted of patients referred for coronary angiography without significant carotid stenosis (<50 %). CVR was evaluated by breath holding index (BHI) measured with transcranial color code duplex ultrasound. Arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured by the oscillometric method. The extent of coronary atherosclerosis was quantified by Gensini score (GS). Out of 186 subjects, sixty-two patients fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. BHI decreased with increasing PWV (r = -0.47, p<0.001). Decrease in BHI was significantly inversely associated with GS (r = -0.61, p<0.001). GS was associated with PWV (p<0.001). In conclusion, impaired CVR was associated with increased arterial stiffening in CHD patients in the absence of significant carotid stenosis. Thus, we speculate that increased arterial stiffness may at least partially contribute to the pathophysiology of CVR alteration in coronary artery disease., D. Rucka, J. Marek, Z. Rucklova, J.-C. Lubanda, S. Havranek, J. Skvaril, P. Varejka, M. Chochola, D. Karetova, J. Korinek, A. Linhart., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29. Association of gestational diabetes mellitus and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size
- Creator:
- Qiu, Chunfang, Rudra, C., Austin, M. A., and Williams, M. A.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, diabetes mellitus, lipoproteiny, physiology, lipoproteins, gestational diabetes mellitus, LDL particle size, 14, and 616
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A predominance of small, dense low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is characteristic of the dyslipidemic state seen in type 2 diabetes. However, no study has investigated the association in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is pathophysiologically similar to type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that LDL particle size is reduced in GDM cases compared with controls. Gradient gel electrophoresis was used to characterize LDL subclass phenotypes in non-fasting intrapartum plasma from 105 GDM cases and 96 controls. All participants were free of pre-existing diabetes or hypertension. The authors used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for confounders. Women with this phenotype had a significant 4.9-fold (95 % CI: 1.1-23.2) increased risk of GDM compared with those with the large, buoyant phenotype. The magnitude of this association was attenuated when plasma triglyceride and other confounders were included in the model (OR=4.2, 95 % CI: 0.5-39.5). Mean LDL particle size in GDM cases was smaller compared with controls (270.1 vs. 272.7Å, p=0.003). The OR of GDM risk was 1.8 (95 % CI: 0.9-3.3) for every 10-Å reduction in LDL particle size. Large prospective studies are needed to evaluate the association between smaller LDL particle size in early pregnancy with subsequent GDM risk., C. Qiu, C. Rudra, M. A. Austin, M. A. Williams., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30. Association of metabolic and genetic factors with cholesterol esterification rate in HDL plasma and atherogenic index of plasma in a 40 years old Slovak population
- Creator:
- Katarína Rašlová, Milada Dobiášová, Hubáček, J. A., Bencová, D., Daniela Siváková, Zdeňka Daňková, Franeková, J., Antonín Jabor, Gašparovič, J., and Branislav Vohnout
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, fractional esterification rate of cholesterol (FERHDL), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), biomarkers of CVD, CILP2, FTO, MLXIPL, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We assessed association between novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and conven tional factors in 40 years old subjects (208 men and 266 women) from the general population of Slovakia. FER HDL (cholesterol esterifi cation rate in HDL plasma), AIP - Atherogenic Index of Plasma [Log(TG/HDL-C)] as markers of lipoprotein particle size, and CILP2, FTO and MLXIPL polymorphisms, were examined in relation to biomarkers and conventional risk factors. Un ivariate analyses confirmed correlation between AIP, FERHDL and the most of measured parameters. Relations between AIP and CILP2, FTO and MLXIPL were not significant. However, CILP2 was significantly related to FERHDL in both genders. In multivariate analysis BMI was the strongest correlate of AIP levels. In multivariate model variability of FER HDL was best explained by AIP (R2 =0.55) in both genders with still significant effect of CILP2 SNP in men. In a model where AIP was omitted, TG leve ls explained 43 % of the FER HDL variability in men, while in women HDL-C was the major determinant (42 %). In conclusions, FERHDL and AIP related to the known markers of cardiovascular risk provide means to express their subtle interactions by one number. Our novel finding of association between CILP2 polymorphism and FERHDL supports its role in lipid metabolism., K. Rašlová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public