OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro sealing ability of three repair materials. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Group A), calcium phosphate cement (CPC; Group B), and light cured glass ionomer cement (GIC; Group C) when used to repair the perforation created in the pulpal floor of fifty extracted human permanent molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preparation of access openings and furcation perforations were done, and the teeth divided into five experimental groups (A, B, C) including two controls (D, E) with ten samples in each group randomly. Following the repair procedure, the pulp chambers and access openings were filled with composite resin and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 48 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the linear dye penetration measured under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS: The comparison of the linear length of micro-leakage (mm) among the experimental groups revealed no significant difference (p = 0.332). On calculating the percentage of depth of leakage to the total length of the perforation, it was observed that the mean leakage was 35.5% in Group A, 53.6% in Group B and the highest, 87.5% in Group C. The mean of leakage percentage was statistically significant by Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.003). The results indicated that the dye penetration used as furcation perforation repair material was least with mineral trioxide aggregate. Comparing the depth of penetration of dye, 50% of the Group A samples showed less than 25% of depth penetration. While 40% of Group B cases had more than 50% dye penetration. In our study, all Group C teeth had > or = 50% dye penetration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that GIC had the greatest dye penetration followed by CPC and MTA. Mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium phosphate cement had comparatively better sealing ability than glass ionomer cement. and P. Singh, J. Paul, AA. Al-Khuraif, S. Vellappally, HS. Halawany, M. Hashim, NB. Abraham, V. Jacob, R. Thavarajah
BACKGROUND: The male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births), which is anticipated to approximate 0.515, has been shown to exhibit latitude gradients and secular trends. METHODS: Annual national data for male and female live births for the 15 countries that comprise the former Soviet Union were obtained from the World Health Organisation for the period 1980-2009 (115,167,569 total live births) and analysed with contingency tables. Spearman correlation was also carried out to compare percentage annual gross domestic product growth (GDP%--downloaded from the World Bank) and M/F. In this context, GDP% is used as a measure for economic hardship or wellbeing within the populace. RESULTS: There have been overall highly significant secular increases in M/F (p < 0.0001) in the countries and regions investigated. M/F is significantly lower in the three more northern regions (Russian Federation, Baltic States and Central Asia. M/F 0.51324, 0.51335-0.51314) than the two more southern regions (Southern Caucasus and Eastern Europe. M/F 0.51654, 0.51635-0.51672). There was a male excess of 113,818 live births.There was a significant positive correlation between GDP% and M/F for Armenia, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan. There was a significant negative correlation in Estonia. CONCLUSION: Previous studies have shown that improving socioeconomic conditions increase M/F, and the converse has also been demonstrated. This is a potential influence in this geographical area since this region has relatively recently emerged from communist rule and experienced an overall economic upturn, but is only partially supported using GDP%. Another factor may be the selective termination of female pregnancies. The latitude gradient parallels that of neighbouring Europe but no theory has been put forward to convincingly explain this finding to date. and V. Grech
BACKGROUND: Latitude gradients and secular trends in Europe and North America have been found in the male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births) which approximates 0.515. METHODS: Annual national data for Yugoslavia and the post-Yugoslavia States for male and female live births were obtained from the World Health Organisation and analysed with contingency tables. RESULTS: This study analysed 22,020,729 live births. There was a increasing trend in M/F prior to the breakup of the former Yugoslavia (1950-1990, p = 0.002), followed by a decreasing trend after 1990 (p = 0.02). A latitude gradient was also noted, with more males being born in southern, warmer latitudes (p < 0.0001). There was an overall excess of 42,753 male births based on an anticipated M/F of 0.515. CONCLUSION: M/F is decreasing in this region, similar to the rest of Europe and North America. A latitude gradient is also present with more males being born in warmer (more Southern) latitudes (p < 0.0001), even in this small region and over the short time-frame studied. and V. Grech
Úvod: Adjuvantní radioterapie je nedílnou součástí současné léčby celé řady maligních tumorů. Kromě benefitů ve smyslu snížení rizika recidivy však vede také k celé řadě nežádoucích účinků, z nichž jedním z nejzávažnějších je vznik sekundárních malignit. Kazuistika: Autor popisuje kazuistiku 77leté ženy, která prodělala v roce 2005 hysterektomii s oboustrannou adnexektomií a pánevní lymfadenektomií pro karcinom dělohy pT1bN0M0, G1. Následovala ještě adjuvantní zevní radioterapie dávkou 45Gy + brachyterapie 3x4Gy. Poté byla dispenzarizována gynekologickou klinikou, odkud byla odeslána v lednu 2015 pro rychle rostoucí tumor kůže a podkoží v hypogastriu v místě původního ozáření. Byla indikována k jeho excizi s podezřením na metastázu původního karcinomu dělohy, následné histologické vyšetření preparátu však odhalilo, že se jedná o angiosarkom. I přes negativní resekční okraje došlo k brzké recidivě s generalizací tumoru. Závěr: Angiosarkom jako následek ozáření bývá v současnosti popisován stále častěji. V drtivé většině případů se jedná o následek adjuvantní terapie po operaci karcinomu prsu. Jeho prognóza je velmi nepříznivá a terapeutické možnosti omezené. Základem léčby zůstává chirurgická excize s negativními okraji. Je třeba na tuto diagnózu myslet a pacienty podstupující radioterapii dlouhodobě dispenzarizovat., Introduction: Adjuvant radiotherapy is an integral part of the current treatment of many malignant tumours. However, this mode of treatment does not provide only benefits in the sense of lowering the risks of recurrence, but it is also associated with many undesirable side effects, from which one of the most serious is the development of secondary malignancies. Case report: The author describes a case report of 77 years old woman who underwent hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for uterine carcinoma pT1bN0M0, G1 in 2005. Adjuvant external radiotherapy with the dose 45Gy and brachytherapy 3x4Gy followed. Subsequently the patient was followed at the department of gynecology, which referred her in January 2015 with a quickly growing tumour of the skin and subdermal tissue in the hypogastric area, where previous radiation had been applied. Its excision was indicated with the diagnosis of suspected uterine carcinoma metastasis, but subsequent histological evaluation confirmed angiosarcoma. Despite negative resection margins the tumour quickly recurred and disseminated. Conclusion: Angiosarcoma as a side effect of irradiation is described increasingly more often nowadays. The vast majority of cases are related to the treatment of breast carcinoma. Its prognosis is very poor and therapeutic possibilities are limited. Surgical excision with negative margins remains the mainstay of the treatment. It is necessary to keep this diagnosis in mind and patients undergoing radiation treatment should be followed over a long period., and A. Zatloukal, M. Lerch, P. Zonča
Úvod: Systémový lupus erythematodes (SLE) je chronické autoimunitní onemocnění charakterizované multisystémovým postižením. Cílem naší studie bylo ozřejmit výskyt snížených hodnot koncentrací imunoglobulinů (s-Ig) v séru v populaci nemocných se SLE. V retrospektivní studii bylo zhodnoceno 799 výsledků vyšetření s-Ig získaných od 157 nemocných splňujících revidovaná klasifikační kritéria. Výsledky: Sérová koncentrace imunoglobulinů nižší než dolní hranice normy byla zjištěna celkem u 29 ze 157 nemocných (18,5 %). Nejčetnější byl výskyt izolovaného snížení IgG 12 ze 157 (7,6 %), 2 nemocné naplňovaly kritéria selektivního deficitu IgA a v jednom případě se jednalo o vzácnou koincidenci s běžnou variabilní imunodeficiencí (common variable immunodeficiency – CVID). Článek podrobněji prezentuje 2 případy nemocných se SLE komplikované těžkou hypogamaglobulinemií a infekcemi vyžadujícími dlouhodobou substituční léčbu imunoglobuliny. V prvním případě se jedná o vysoce pravděpodobný případ běžné variabilní imunodeficience a v případě druhém pak o léky indukovanou hypogamaglobulinemii. Tato žena s anamnézou maligního lymfomu a současným závažným multiorgánovým postižením při SLE byla léčena rituximabem po selhání konvenční léčby. Závěr: S protilátkovými deficiencemi se můžeme setkat i u nemocných se SLE. Opakované měření sérové koncentrace imunoglobulinů by mělo být součástí rutinního sledování těchto nemocných. Na možnost CVID bychom měli myslet v případě opakujících se sinopulmonárních infekcí, zejména v kombinaci s absencí aktivity SLE. Léčba rituximabem může vést i u nemocných se SLE k dlouhodobé supresi B-lymfocytů s rozvojem sekundárního protilátkového deficitu, který v některých případech vyžaduje substituční léčbu imunoglobuliny., Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune multisystem disease. The aim of our study was to clarify the frequency of decreased serum immunoglobulin levels in SLE patients. There were evaluated 799 results of serum immunoglobulin levels gained from 157 patients fulfilling revised ACR criteria in the retrospective study. Results: The immunoglobulin levels under the normal range were found in 29/157 (18.5 %) patients. The most frequent was isolated reduction of IgG 12/157 (7.6 %), two persons fulfilled criteria for selective IgA deficiency, and one case possible diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Additionally we report two cases of SLE patients complicated by severe hypogammaglobulinaemia and infectious complications with necessity of long-term immunoglobulin substitution therapy. The diagnosis of CVID is highly probable in the first case. The second case presents sever drug-induced hypogammaglobulinaemia. This female with lymphoma history and multiorgan impairment due to acute SLE was treated with rituximab after convention therapy failure. Conclusion: Humoral immunodeficiency may occur in SLE patients. The monitoring of serum immunoglobulin levels could be a routine in these patients. The CVID diagnosis is possible in patients suffering from recurrent sinopulmonary infections, especially in combination with absence of lupus activity. Rituximab therapy could cause long-term suppression of B lymphocytes with secondary humoral deficiency requiring immunoglobulin substitution therapy., and Pavlína Králíčková, Eva Malá, Doris Vokurková, Ondřej Souček, Irena Krčmová, Zbyněk Hrnčíř
Selektivní modulátory estrogenních receptorů, jakým je např. klomifen citrát, se užívají pro off-label léčbu (tj. mimo schválenou indikaci) hypoandrogenizmu a idiopatické mužské infertility po více než 30 let. V rámci systematické analýzy hodnotíme otázky týkající se dávkování, hormonální a symptomatické účinnosti podávání selektivních modulátorů estrogenních receptorů při léčbě mužů trpících hypoandrogenizmem a nežádoucí účinky spojené s touto léčbou. Výsledky naší analýzy ukazují, že léčba je pacienty dobře snášena a ve srovnání s tradiční exogenní substitucí testosteronu je rovněž účinná. Optimální dávkování klomifen citrátu je však třeba teprve stanovit. Dále uvádíme přehled našich postupů pro užívání klomifen citrátu a monitorování jeho bezpečnosti., Selective estrogen receptor modulators, such as clomiphene citrate, have been used as an off-label treatment of hypoandrogenism and idiopathic male infertility for over 30 years. We performed a systematic analysis of selective estrogen receptor modulators use in men with hypoandrogenism to examine issues related to dosage, hormonal and symptomatic efficacy, and adverse events. Our analysis indicates that treatment is well-tolerated and efficacious when compared to traditional exogenous testosterone supplementation. However the ideal dosage of clomiphene citrate has yet to be elucidated. We also provide a review of our institutional practices on the use and safety monitoring of clomiphene citrate., and Kathrins M., Wadhwa H., Niederberger C.
V posledních letech prudce roste nejen počet pacientů s diabetem, ale i počet pacientů léčených pro jeho pozdní komplikace. Jeden ze zásadních faktorů, které se podílejí na jejich vzniku, je hyperglykemie. V prevenci komplikací významně pomáhá zlepšení kompenzace diabetu. Nezastupitelnou součástí léčby diabetu je selfmonitoring (samostatné měření) glykemií a úprava terapie podle naměřených hodnot. Práce shrnuje nejnovější názory na uplatnění selfmonitoringu ve zlepšení kompenzace u pacientů s diabetem 1. i 2. typu a podává přehled současných možností využití technologií v diabetologii., Over the last few years, not only the number of patients with diabetes, but also the number of patients treated for late complications, has been rapidly increasing. One of the major factors contributing to their development is hyperglycaemia. An important part in preventing the complications is improved diabetes control. Self‑monitoring plays an irreplaceable role in diabetes treatment. It involves measuring glucose levels and altering therapy according to the measured values. This paper summarizes the latest opinions on use of self‑monitoring to improve diabetes control in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and provides an overview of the current opportunities for applying technology in diabetology., and Kožnarová R.