Cíl studie: Cílem práce je přehledným způsobem zpracovat a komentovat nejnovější poznatky v oblasti preeklampsie, se zaměřením na příčiny onemocnění a jeho diagnostiku. Typ studie: Přehledný článek. Název a sídlo pracoviště: Ústav lékařské biochemie 1. LF UK, Praha; Ústav klinické biochemie a laboratorní diagnostiky, 1. LF UK, Praha. Závěr: Preeklampsie je stále podceňovanou komplikací v těhotenství, je diagnostikována až při klinické manifestaci. Nové hypotézy o vzniku této poruchy umožňují lepší pochopení patologických změn i identifikaci nových markerů způsobilých k časné diagnostice., Objective: To document and discuss current knowledge base in pre-eclampsia diagnostics and mechanisms of origin. Design: Review article. Settings: Institute of Medical Biochemistry 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague. Conclusion: Pre-eclampsia frequently diagnosed only after clinical symptoms manifestation remains underestimated complication of pregnancy. New theories about its origin enable better insight to the pathological process as well as identified new markers for early detection of the disorder., Libuše Arnoštová, Lenka Fialová, Ivan Matouš Malbohan, Tomáš Zima, D. Springer, and Lit.: 35
V léčbě cervikálního karcinomu se používají tři standardní modality: chirurgie, radioterapie a chemoterapie. Jsou testovány nové léčebné modality formou klinických studií. Léčebná rozvaha musí být individualizována a vycházet z prognostických faktorů – stadia nemoci, věku, zdravotního stavu pacientky, histologického typu a diferenciace tumoru, stavu lymfatických uzlin a přítomnosti vzdálených metastáz., Three types of standard treatment of cervical cancer are used: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy. New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.Treatment decisions should be individualized and based on prognostic factors including the stage of the disease, age, medical condition of the patient, histological type and grade of tumor and lymph nodes status., Josef Chovanec, Monika Náležinská, and Literatura
Práce podává základní informace o lehkých řetězcích imunoglobulinů. V přehledu uvádí vývoj metod používaných v klinické biochemii na jejich stanovení. Upozorňuje na četné limity a problémy stanovení volných lehkých řetězců a na jejich možné klinické využití., The publication contains basic information about free light chains of immunoglobulins. In a short review it shows evaluation methods used in clinical biochemistry for the determination of free light chains of immunoglobulins. Authors summarize methodical limitation of determination of free light chains and discuss their clinical utilization., Tichý Miloš, Vávrová J., Friedecký B., Maisnar V., and Lit.: 22
Cílem přehledové práce je popis v současnosti používaných metod primárního uzávěru střední sternotomie v kardiochirurgii dospělých. V přehledu vycházíme z literárně publikovaných údajů a zaměřujeme se na metodiku, indikace, výhody, limity, biomechanické i klinické výsledky jednotlivých metod, ve vztahu k výskytu hlubokých poruch hojení střední sternotomie po kardiochirurgických operacích., The aim of the overview study is to describe the currently used methods of primary median sternotomy closure in adult cardiac surgery. In the review of published literature, we draw on the data and focus on the methodology, indications, advantages, limitations, biomechanical and clinical results of the different methods in relation to the incidence of deep sternal wound complications after median sternotomy in adult cardiac surgery., and D. Nešpor, P. Fila, J. Černý, P. Němec
Český překlad prvního vydání knihy dr. Marka Griffithse "Problem Gambling in Europe: An Overview", publikované Nottingham Trent University v roce 2009. Publikace obsahuje informace týkající se 31 zemí Evropy, včetně České republiky. Česká republika je v přehledu zařazena do skupiny zemí, ve kterých neexistují téměř žádné empirické znalosti hráčství a/nebo problémového hráčství. Napříč zeměmi je za, [Mark Griffiths ; překlad Jiří Bareš], and Obsahuje bibliografii
Neuropatologická diagnostická kritéria neurodegenerací jsou založena na průkazu specifických změn v parenchymu korelujících s klinickým obrazem. Souběžná neuropatologicky definovaná onemocnění odpovídají kombinaci dvou (i více) odlišných, plně rozvinutých postižení u téhož pacienta. U souběžné patologie více entit v ohraničených oblastech mozku vedle primární nozologické jednotky nacházíme zároveň depozita proteinu specifického pro jinou neurodegeneraci. Častá je kombinace Alzheimerovy nemoci (AN) s inkluzemi alfa‑synukleinu. U AN se může zároveň ukládat i protein TDP‑43, není ale jasné, zda se jedná o atypicky probíhající AN nebo kombinaci atypické AN s frontotemporální lobární degenerací. Komorbidity AN a tauopatií jsou relativně vzácné. U pacientů s Creutzfeldtovou‑Jakobovou nemocí lze diagnostikovat doprovodnou AN nebo demenci s Lewyho tělísky. Kombinace vaskulární patologie s primární neurodegenerací (nejčastěji AN nebo demencí s Lewyho tělísky) se historicky označuje jako smíšená demence. Kombinace neuropatologicky potvrzených neurodegenerací může vést k atypickým klinickým projevům, které ilustrujeme na příkladech s odkazy na publikované kazuistiky ze souboru našich pacientů. Klíčová slova: neurodegenerace – Alzheimerova nemoc - tauopatie – protein TDP-43 – synukleinopatie – smíšená demence, Neuropathological diagnostic criteria of neurodegenerative disorders are based on the presence of specific lesions in the brain tissue that correlate with clinical symptoms. Concomitant neurodegenerative disorders correspond to a combination of two (or more) different fully developed diseases in one patient. Concomitant neurodegenerative pathology stays for the presence of a definite neurodegeneration and deposits specific for another, but not fully developed, disease. Frequent overlaps include Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and alpha-synuclein inclusions. In AD, protein TDP-43 may co-aggregate but it is not clear whether this is an atypical but isolated AD, or an overlap of AD with early frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Comorbidities of AD and tauopathies are relatively rare. In Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, concomitant AD or Lewy body dementia may occur. A combination of vascular pathology with a primary neurodegeneration (mostly Alzheimer’s disease or Lewy body dementia) is historically called mixed dementia. Overlap of neuropathologically confirmed neurodegenerations may lead to atypical and unusual clinical presentations, illustrated with examples and references to published case reports from our patient cohort. Key words: neurodegeneration – Alzheimer’s disease – tauopathy – TDP-43 protein – synucleinopathy – mixed dementia The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and Z. Rohan, R. Matěj, R. Rusina
Objective: To determine risk factors in different pathogenic subtypes of ischemic stroke in Tashkent hospital registry and to compare with the data of other stroke registers. Design: Prospective observational study. Participants: 300 adults aged 18 years or over who suffered first-ever acute ischemic stroke, of them, the data of 100 patients with atherothrombotic, lacunar and cardioembolic strokes were analyzed. Main outcome measures: Mathematically significant differences and not significant differences but interesting from other point of view. Categorical variables are expressed as frequencies and percentages. Differences were regarded as statistically significant when the P value was less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Results: Of 100 patients with acute first-ever ischemic stroke at the median age of 62.63±4.68 (interquartile range 25-92) years, 57% were men and 43% were women. Depending on aetiology and stroke subtype, all the patients were divided into three groups: 42 patients with atherothrombotic stroke, 41 – with lacunar stroke, and 17 patients with cardioembolic stroke. Atherothrombotic stroke developed often in people over 60 years old, while lacunar stroke prevailed at the younger age. Stroke cases increased in people over 51 years old. Although men were more likely to suffer strokes than women, stroke incidence was equal in both sexes with increasing of age (over 60 years old), especially in atherothrombotic stroke, testifying to that women live longer. Combination of cerebral atherosclerosis and hypertension was the most significant risk factor for stroke. Atherosclerosis was the main aetiological factor for ischemic stroke, independently of its pathogenic heterogeneity. Diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for all stroke subtypes, which in most cases worsened the European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 course and outcome of stroke. Hypertension was the leader aetiological factor for lacunar stroke. In these patients, we Cardioembolic stroke developed mainly because of cardiac thrombosis and valve pathology, which were often associated with chronic diseases of other organs, worsening the course and outcome of stroke. Despite of high prevalence of myocardial infarction in men, women were more likely to develop cardioembolic stroke. Conclusions: This study found simultaneous influence of many risk factors (multifactorial disease) in the development of ischemic stroke. The more course and influence of the underlying disease and risk factor, the higher stroke risk and severity, especially in the absence or inadequate previous therapy of underlying disease before the stroke index. We have noted a high prevalence of under-diagnosis of vascular risk factors at levels of primary and secondary care. We recommend for improved public awareness of vascular risk factors and better diagnostic and treatment facilities aimed at addressing those factors at levels of primary and secondary healthcare. Larger population-based studies may provide additional data on stroke incidence and outcome among Uzbeks., Khurshidakhon Abduboriyevna Rasulova, and Literatura
In the department of coloproctology of NORC MH RUz 17 patients with disseminated forms of colorectal cancer was made the study of oncogenes and complex treatment by 2 protocols using FOLFOX4 regime and FOLFIRI regime. In second protocol there used 2 sessions of endolymphatical polychemotherapy FOLFOX4 regime against EHFhyperthermia. All patients were performed additional investigations directed to study the presence of multiple drug resistance in them where definition of р53, bcl2 oncogene expression. In our observations we followed resistance to FOLFOX4 scheme in 4 patients, and to FOLFIRI scheme in 2 cases. In our studies hyperexpression of oncoproteine р53 was correlated with the effect of conducted therapy whereas hyperexpr, Navruzov S. N., Abdujapparov S. B., Pulatov D. A., Islamov H. D., Matniyazova Sh. Ya., Akbarov E. T., and Literatura