Although physical exercise is known to reduce size of infarction,
incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, and to improve heart
function, molecular mechanisms of this protection are not fully
elucidated. We explored the hypothesis that voluntary running,
similar to adaptive interventions, such as ischemic or remote
preconditioning, may activate components of pro-survival (RISK)
pathway and potentially modify cell proliferation. Sprague-Dawley
adult male rats freely exercised for 23 days in cages equipped
with running wheels, while sedentary controls were housed in
standard cages. After 23 days, left ventricular (LV) myocardial
tissue samples were collected for the detection of expression and
activation of RISK proteins (WB). The day before, a marker of
cell proliferation 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was given to all
animals to detect its incorporation into DNA of the LV cells
(ELISA). Running increased phosphorylation (activation) of Akt,
as well as the levels of PKCε and phospho-ERK1/2, whereas BrdU
incorporation into DNA was unchanged. In contrast, exercise
promoted pro-apoptotic signaling - enhanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and
activation of GSK-3β kinase. Results suggest that in the rat
myocardium adapted to physical load, natural cardioprotective
processes associated with physiological hypertrophy are
stimulated, while cell proliferation is not modified. Up-regulation
of pro-apoptotic markers indicates potential induction of cell
death mechanisms that might lead to maladaptation in the longterm.
The contribution explores the Prague origines of the first Prague and Austrian female author of the Enlightenment, Maria Anna Sager, born Rosskoschny (1719-1805). The reconstruction of the carreer of her father Anton Ferdinand Rosskoschny (1679-1734) at the Böhmische Statthalterei - he ended as "Registrator" and "Expeditor" - proves his social ambitions. On the other hand egodocuments of him conserved in the National Archives at Prague reveal the sorrows and the "stress" of the wellestablished fonctioner, not only his fear in front of the people, but also for his reputation, his family and his soul., Helga Meise., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
In the War of the Austrian Succession one of the major turning points was when Maria Theresa was crowned Queen of Bohemia, because this step strengthened the power of the Houseof Habsburg in Central Europe. For people who belonged to the Reformed Church in the Kingdom of Hungary, this meant that they had to live their lives under the rule of a Catholic monarch. Debrecen was the centre of the Reformed Church and the city prepared for this political situation: pastor Mihály Komáromi H. delivered a special sermon to celebrate the coronation. In this sermon he acknowledged the fact that the Habsburgs had right to the Hungarian throne and tried to use this political advantage to improve the situation of the Reformed Church. This sermon became so popular that a manuscript was made from it and it was a popular reading in the Reformed congregations of the countryside., Ádám Hegyi., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Vopěnka’s Alternative Set Theory can be viewed both as an evolution and as a revolution: it is based on his previous experience with nonstandard universes, inspired by Skolem’s construction of a nonstandard model of arithmetic, and its inception has been explicitly mentioned as an attempt to axiomatize Robinson’s nonstandard analysis. Vopěnka preferred working in an axiomatic theory to investigating its individual models; he also viewed other areas of nonclassical mathematics through this prism. This article is a contribution to the mapping of the mathematical neighbourhood of the Alternative Set Theory, and at the same time, it submits a challenge to analyze in more detail the genesis and structure of the philosophical links that eventually influenced the Alternative Set Theory. and Vopěnkovu Alternativní teorii množin lze vnímat jak jako evoluci, tak stejně dobře jako revoluci: vychází z jeho předchozí zkušenosti s nestandardními univerzy, inspirované Skolemovou konstrukcí nestandardního modelu aritmetiky, a je ve svých počátcích explicitně zmiňována jako pokus axiomatizovat Robinsonovu nestandardní analýzu. Vopěnka upřednostňoval práci v axiomatické teorii před zkoumáním jejích jednotlivých modelů; tímto prizmatem nahlížel i některé další partie neklasické matematiky. Text je příspěvkem k mapování matematického okolí Alternativní teorie množin, zároveň otevírá otázku po podrobnější genezi a struktuře filosofických souvislostí, které Alternativní teorii množin postupně ovlivnily.
The contemporary development of agriculture aims to decrease material and energy demands of cultivation systems. The no-tillage system is a part of the rationalization measures. The presented article is dealing with the influence of the conventional tillage (KA) and no-tillage system (BA) on content of soil water, i. e. maximum (Wmax), average (W?) and minimum soil water content (Wmin), in heavy soils of the East-Slovakia Lowland. The vegetation period of the observed years are classified from very dry (1999), humid (2000, 2002), very humid (2001) to extremely humid (1998). There was observed statistically significant influence of used systems of agrotechnical measures only in the case of minimum soil water content. This value was higher in case of no-tillage system about 4,3 % from wilting point value during five observed years, i. e. in a soil profile 0-0.3 m about 3.0 mm of water layer and in profile 0-0,8 m about 8.5 mm. and Súčasný vývoj poľnohospodárstva smeruje k znižovaniu materiálovej a energetickej náročnosti pestovateľských systémov. Súčasťou racionalizačných prístupov je aj bezorbový systém. Predkladaný príspevok sa zaoberá vplyvom konvenčnej agrotechniky (KA) a bezorbového systému (BA) na maximálnu (Wmax), priemernú (WØ) a minimálnu zásobu pôdnej vody (Wmin) na ťažkých pôdach Východoslovenskej nížiny. Pri využití úhrnu zrážok ako kritéria hodnotenia poveternostných podmienok sú vegetačné obdobia sledovaných rokov klasifikované od veľmi suchého (1999) cez vlhké (2000, 2002), veľmi vlhké (2001) až extrémne vlhké (1998). Vplyv použitých systémov agrotechnických opatrení sa štatisticky významne prejavil iba pri minimálnej zásobe pôdnej vody, ktorá v priemere za päť sledovaných rokov bola vyššia pri bezorbovom systéme o cca 4,3 % z vlhkosti bodu vädnutia, čiže v pôdnom profile 0 - 0,3 m o 3,0 mm a v profile 0 - 0,8 m o 8,5 mm.