This text is directed to the summarized description and physical interpretation of the basic structure of a radar from the standpoint of the theory of signal processing. after introductional and functional classification of radars, this text contains the treatise of a representative radar block model and of the characteristic signal properties of partial radar subsystems, containing the radar transmitter with signal waveform generator, radar antenna and radar receiver with the signal and data processor and display. For better orientation in the problems, the english synonyma are added to some established Czech expressions., Tento text je zaměřen k shrnujícímu popisu a fyzikální interpretaci základní struktury radaru z hlediska teorie zpracování signálů. Po vymezení a funkční klasifikaci radarů obsahuje pojednání o reprezentačním blokovém modelu radaru a o charakteristických signálových vlastnostech jeho dílčích subsystémů, k nimž hlavně patří radarový vysílač s tvarovacím signálovým generátorem, radarová anténa a radarový přijímač se signálovým a datovým procesorem a obrazovkou., and Pokračování článku z minulého čísla. Pokračování v příštím čísle.
Activities of German-Moravian ethnographic museums in the field of folk culture have undergone a number of transformations and reversions in the course of their development. There was a connection with not only from the interference of ethnographic and museological trends with their activities but also with political and nationalist factors. German groups started to realize the need to preserve materials from the rural environment. In some Moravian regions (Kravaře, Hřebeč, Jihlava areas), groups of ethnographic workers dedicated to folk culture were formed and their activities led to the foundation of several ethnographic museum collections. the influence of the central Viennese institution was, however, evident also in the further development of these institutions (e.g. as a model of classification of national collections, methods of presentation). In the First Republic period, German-Moravian museum workers were with increasing intensity coming closer to their counterparts in the German-language environment in Bohemia as well as in Germany from where numerous stimuli (Pessler, Blau, Jungbauer, Lehmann, Hönigschmid) came, bringing along not only new methodical elements into museum work but some of them also certain shifts in understanding the importance of ethnography in museums, in many aspects foreshadowing the subsequent totalitarian period. and The post-Munich period divided Moravian museums intro three administrative units. In addition to common problems (museum network centralization), certain Nazi elements penetrated their presentation activities. Understanding of ethnographic issue often remained in old, fiercely nationalistic attitudes. During the protectorate, a special status was assumed by German museums that through the Association of Moravian Museums sought to encourage ethnographic efforts of Czech museums in Moravia with a goal to create tendencies centrifugal from the Czech national environment. The takeover of German-Moravian museums by the Czechoslovak administration in 1945 did not mean the end of the activities of Moravian Germans in the area. They were transferred to the area of the Federal Republic of Germany and to Austria where they not only played an important role in the integration of this group into local society but also as a strong evidence of the past life they recalled and still recall the lost homeland.
In the article the essence of phonetic and phonematic principles is expounded and the author comes to the conclusion that the principles differ. On several examples from the history of the Proto-Slavic phonematic system their different functioning is shown.
Otázku, kde se berou zákony zachování hybnosti, momentu hybnosti, mechanické energie a dalších veličin, lze v rámci klasické mechaniky či teorie pole zodpovědět různými způsoby. Principiálně však zachovávající se veličiny souvisejí s operacemi symetrie daného problému. Tuto souvislost odhaluje pro případ teorií řídících se variačním principem teorém Emmy Noetherové z roku 1918, odvozený klasickým "souřadnicovým" způsobem užívajícím variací, tehdy ve variačním počtu obvyklým. Propracovaný moderní geometrický aparát fibrovaných variet a diferenciálních forem "kopírujících" jejich struktura je mnohem účinnějším prostředkem pro formulaci jak variačních teorií samotných, tak i jejich důsledků právě typu teorému Noetherové. Podstatu geometrického přístupu lze objasnit již na nejjednodušším případu - jednorozměrném pohybu klasické částice v mechanice., The question of the origin of conservation laws for the momentum, angular momentum, mechanical energy and other quantities in classical mechanics and classical field theories can be answered by various ways. Nevertheless, in principle the conserved quantities are connected with the symmetry of a problem under consideration. For variational theories such a connection was disclosed by the Emmy Noether theorem derived in 1918 by a classical "coordinate" procedure using variations, which was typical for the former calculus of variations. The elaborate modern geometrical formalism of fibred manifolds and differential forms adapted to their fibred structure is a much more effective tool not only for variational theories themselves but also for their consequences as the Noether theorem. The merit of the geometrical approach can be explained by the simplest example - a one-dimensional motion of a classical mechanical particle., Lenka Czudková, Jana Musilová, Jitka Strouhalová., and Obsahuje bibliografii