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293. Jubilejní rok Josefa Hlávky (15. února 1831 v Přešticích až 11. března 1908 v Praze)

Creator:
Josef Pechar
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, jubilejní články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biografie, Hlávka, Josef, 1831-1908, Nadání Josefa, Marie a Zdenky Hlávkových, věda a umění, mecenášství, výročí, science and art, patronage, anniversaries, 8, and 929
Language:
Czech
Description:
On March 11th, 2008 one hundred years will have passed since the death of Josef Hlavka, one of the most successful entrepreneurs of the 19th century in former Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a prominent architect and the most distinguished patron of Czech science and the arts and founder and first president of Czech Academy of Science and the Arts, the predecessor of today´s Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The 100th anniversary of the death of Josef Hlávka has been cited by UNESCO as a World Cultural Anniversary. and Josef Pechar.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

294. Jugoslávští Židé v mlýnici "konečného řešení"

Creator:
Jan Pelikán
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dějiny, history, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Autor pochází z rodiny bělehradských sefardských Židů, za války prošel italským internačním táborem, poté pracoval jako jugoslávský novinář. Na sklonku kariéry se vrátil ke svým etnickým kořenům a začal systematicky sbírat svědectví jugoslávských Židů o jejich životě, a zejména osudech za druhé světové války. Prezentovaná práce je poslední z pěti publikací, v nichž tyto výpovědi zpracoval. Zde zachycené vzpomínky mají podle recenzenta zásadní význam pro dokumentaci osudů židovské komunity na Balkáně za války, obsahují však i mnoho důležitých informací o mezietnických a mezikonfesních vazbách a o každodenním životě v této části Evropy v první polovině minulého století., The author of the work under review comes from a Belgrade family of Sephardic Jews. During the Second World War he was interned in Italian camps. After liberation, he worked as a Yugoslav journalist. Towards the end of his career he returned to his roots, and began systematically to collect Yugoslav Jews’ testimony about their lives, particularly during the Second World War. The book under review is the most recent of five publications in which he has compiled these testimonies. The recollections recorded here are, according to the reviewer, of fundamental importance for the documentation of the lives of members of the Jewish Communities in the Balkans during the Second World War, but they also contain much important information about interethnic and interconfessional links, as well as about everyday life in this part of Europe in the first half of the twentieth century., and [autor recenze] Jan Pelikán.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

295. K dějinám obětí Víta Strobacha

Creator:
Peter Hallama and Petr Dvořáček
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
historiografie, dějiny Židů, národní identita, antisemitismus, historiography, history of the Jews, national identity, antisemitism, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Autor reaguje na předešlou stať Víta Strobacha ''Dějiny obětí: K historiografii a politice identity českých židů'', která je pojata jako kritická polemika s nejnovějšími (nejen českými) diskusemi o dějinách Židů. Považuje za přínosné, že Strobach jde za pouhé obsahové shrnutí a že přitom nevede jasnou dělicí linku mezi historiografií a politikou, když historiky chápe nejen jako vědecké, ale zároveň jako společenské a politické aktéry. Výsledek této snahy však podle autora příliš nepřesvědčuje, protože Strobachovy kategorizace typu ''dějiny obětí'' nevzešly z důkladné analýzy pramenného materiálu, ale jsou spíše apriorním soudem, který ho vedl při výběru textů. V důsledku tohoto programově selektivního přístupu vzbuzuje Strobach zkreslený dojem o povaze celé diskuse, neboť v současné české historiografické produkci o minulosti Židů a holokaustu nehrají normativní koncepty ,,dějin obětí'' větší roli, stejně jako sotva platí tvrzení, že dějiny Židů jsou v ní často ztotožňovány s historií antisemitismu. Pokud jde o ''politiku identity'' českých Židů, je zavádějící tvrdit, že se v ní prosazují takto vyhraněné podoby jejich historické kolektivní paměti, aniž Strobach označí jejich konkrétní nositele. Navíc ani nedefinuje základní používané pojmy, které tak postrádají analytické ostří. Celkově se Strobach spokojuje s příliš jednoduchou a nikterak novou kritikou a nevyužívá příležitosti posunout diskusi konstruktivně kupředu., In this contribution, the author responds to Vít Strobach´s ''The history of the victim: Concerning the historiography and politics of identity of the Czech Jews'', which is conceived as a polemic with the altest discussing about the history of the Jews, and not only those written by Czechs. The author considers it useful that Strobach is concerned only to summarize the content of the discussions, without drawing a clear line between historiography and politics, because he understands historians not only as academic actors but also as social and political actors. But, according to the author of this article, the results of the effort are not particularly convincing: Strobach´s categorizations of the ''history of the victim'' type is not based on a thorough analysis of the sources, but are instead a judgement based on assumptions, which have guided him in his selection of texts. In consequence of this intentionally selective approach,. Strobach creates a distorted impression of the nature of the whole discussion, because in current Czech historiography about the Jews and the Holocaust normative concepts on the ''history of the victim'' does not play much of a role. Similarly, it can hardly be claimed that the history of the Jews is often said to be identical with the history of antisemitism. Concerning the ''identity politics'' of the Jews of the Bohemian Lands, it is misleading of Strobach to claim that a form of the historical collective memory clearly defined in this way is asserted in historiography, without naming who exactly is the bearer of this memory. Moreover, he fails to define his basic terms, which thus lack an analytical keenness. On the whole, Strobach is satisfied with a simplistic, unoriginal critique, and fails to use the opportunity to constructively move the discussion forward., Peter Halama ; Z němčiny přeložil Petr Dvořáček., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

298. K těžbě stříbra na Horách Vrbických v 16. století

Creator:
Jiří Doležel
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
16. století, těžba stříbra, písemné prameny, silver mining, written sources, Čechy (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), mining and processing complex, field survey, nobility and their relationship to the mining of precious metals, Czech-Moravian Highlands, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
The silver mining and processing complex in the Vrbické Hory area, 9.5 km NNW of Světlá nad Sázavou was one of the most important early modern period mining sites in the Czech-Moravian Highlands. The deposit, mined in two stages from 1547 to the early 1590s, provided several hundred kilograms of the precious metal. The stopes, which extended to a depth of approx. 80 m, ran along three principal vein zones, partly drained through hereditary adits, with further prospecting work in the area. The mined ore was smelted on site; mineral processing and metallurgical plants could take advantage of the energy system of the reservoirs on the nearby watercourses, and two mining settlements appeared by the mines. The mining was funded by numerous investors from Bohemia and Germany (burghers, nobles, officials, mining and coin experts). However, there was also significant involvement on the part of the landed nobility: the frequently alternating owners of the land on which mines were situated included the ruler, imperial princes, higher- and lower-ranking nobles and wealthy burghers. However, mining was complicated by the area’s position on the boundaries of several estates and interference from landowners, disagreements amongst miners and persistent drainage problems. This study, based on the latest field prospecting surveys and revision of the available written sources summarises our existing knowledge and highlights the potential for further research., Jiří Doležel., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

299. K výročí P. N. Savického

Creator:
Helena Ulbrechtová and Hašková, Dana
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, biography, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Historická věda. Pomocné vědy historické. Archivnictví, Savickij, Petr, 1895-1968, historiografie, Češi a Rusové, sympozia, historiography, Czechs and Russians, symposia, 8, and 930
Language:
Czech
Description:
Dana Hašková, Helena Ulbrechtová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

300. Kaiser Joseph II. und die Freimaurerei

Creator:
Reinalter, Helmut
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
II., římskoněmecký císař, Josef, 1741-1790, svobodné zednářství, tajné společnosti, osvícenský absolutismus, Freemasonry, secret societies, enlightened absolutism, Josephinism, practical enlightenment, masonic decree, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
On March 12, 1781, the lodge "Zur wahren Eintracht" ("True Concord"), which was originally a secession of the lodge "Zur gekrönten Hoffnung" ("Crowned Hope"), was initiated - a lodge that would show itself to be paramount for the further development of Freemasonry in Austria. It supported the establishment of new masons’ guilds in the provinces of the Habsburg monarchy and actively contributed there. The deputized Grand Master and ducal Saxe‐Weimar resident at the Viennese Court, Christian Bernhard von Isenflamm, envisaged the construction of an elite lodge, which could indeed be built. While at first, aulic surgeon Ignaz Fisher assumed the titular administration of the lodge - Isenflamm had refused a function due to his public status - later privy councilor Ignaz Edler von Born, who as Master of the Chair would soon advance the lodge to an elite association with a literary‐scientific inclination, joined with his circle. Born did not publicly support the establishment of an imperial academy in Vienna, because he wanted to realize the academic thought within Freemasonry. The lodge "Zur wahren Eintracht" especially lent itself to the achievement of this goal, because it had been headed from the beginning by men of the sciences. Under Joseph II, the Freemasons used the press well in order to gain a broader base of influence. However, because the Freemasons were not willing to be politically instrumented by Joseph II, Joseph II issued an imperial hand billet which reduced the number of lodges and with which the emperor hoped to bring the Freemasons under his control. The imperial hand billet resulted in a veritable flood of brochures which had already started in 1781 and now received fresh impetus. The disappointment of the Freemasons was immense and the imperial decree led to the demise of the lodges in Austria., Helmut Reinalter., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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