In his last book about Locke’s philosophy, E. J. Lowe claims that Frege’s arguments against the Lockean conception of number are not compelling, while at the same time he painstakingly defines the Lockean conception Lowe himself espouses. The aim of this paper is to show that the textual evidence considered by Lowe may be interpreted in another direction. This alternative reading of Frege’s arguments throws light on Frege’s and Lowe’s different agendas. Moreover, in this paper, the problem of singular sentences of number is presented, and Frege’s and Lowe’s views are confronted with it., Ve své poslední knize o Lockeově filosofii EJ Lowe tvrdí, že Fregeho argumenty proti Lockeanově pojetí čísla nejsou přesvědčivé, zatímco zároveň pečlivě definuje Lockeanovu koncepci Lowe sám. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je ukázat, že textové důkazy, které Lowe zvažuje, mohou být interpretovány jiným směrem. Toto alternativní čtení Fregeových argumentů vrhá světlo na různé agendy Fregeho a Loweho. V tomto příspěvku je navíc prezentován problém jednotlivých číselných vět a Fregeovy a Loweho názory jsou s ním konfrontovány., and Agustin Arrieta-Urtizberea
The Indian society is ''in-between'' tradition and modernity. Religious archetypes and subsequent social and gender stereotypes prevail in many respects but they are in a process of dynamic changes. Conceptualizing identity still faces the shadow of the colonial heritage. An independent national discourse may not, however, always overcome marginalization inside the society, both the gender and ethnic ones. Some Indian feminists do not see Hinduism as a religion principally subjecting women; they stress the tradition of a strong female element in mythology and its appeal on community solidarity and sharing. Others rather strive for secularism, often connecting feminism with a political left (namely in Bengal). The law in the Indian Republic forbids any form of discrimination. Each group has a legitimate right for a political representation. But who will represent and be listened to is mostly a matter of the power decision (see G. C. Spivak and C. T. Mohanty). As Spivak maintains, a basic prerequisite for removing discriminations of the marginalized is the cooperation on creating a space, where the subaltern can themselves articulate their voice.
The topic of the presented paper is the discussion of possible approaches to the homogenization of synaptic information functions from the system-engineering point of view. Homogenization is a significant step to the construction of effective models that should enable understanding synaptic information functions. An attempt of a pragrnatic language translation within the niultilingual environrnent is proposed and briefly discussed.
The study examines religious motivation in the believers’ attitudes. It seeks to identify contexts in which religious motivation is present or accentuated by the influence of believers’ other social characteristics (religion, locality, age, gender). Social aspect of religion determines, to some extent, social relations, ethical norms, and life goals (intentional strategies, unconscious actions). Study seeks to answer the question to what extent a person’s life is determined by his or her religious preferences and to what extent the faith is involved in the of everyday life. The issue has been studied in traditional and new Christian groups present in the Czech Republic and in South Moravian localities with different historical, cultural, and social development. The research shows that several influences play a role in shaping the views and choices of believers.
Various properties of classical Dedekind sums $S(h, q)$ have been investigated by many authors. For example, Wenpeng Zhang, On the mean values of Dedekind sums, J. Théor. Nombres Bordx, 8 (1996), 429–442, studied the asymptotic behavior of the mean value of Dedekind sums, and H. Rademacher and E. Grosswald, Dedekind Sums, The Carus Mathematical Monographs No. 16, The Mathematical Association of America, Washington, D.C., 1972, studied the related properties. In this paper, we use the algebraic method to study the computational problem of one kind of mean value involving the classical Dedekind sum and the quadratic Gauss sum, and give several exact computational formulae for it.
In this paper, we will focus our attention on two basic semantic notions: linguistic expression and relation of synonymy (lexical synonymy). We will try to analyze the notions in three semantic fields: logic, linguistic, and pragmatic (F. Recanati), and see whether these three fields can provide us with satisfactory solutions. We will show that the pragmatic conception of semantics is not satisfactory in explaining neither the notion of linguistic expression nor the notion of synonymy - two very basic semantic notions; which could be done in logical and linguistic semantics. and Barbora Geistová Čakovská
All representations of the Other, adopt similar strategies, which emphasize the difference between the Other and Self, and are recognized as symbolic expressions of supposed superiority of Self over the Other, thus serving to legitimize any attempts to civilize or rule the Other. Such strategies, often applied by the West to describe the uneven East- West relations in the colonial literary discourse, can also be found in contemporary Chinese literary representations of “minority nationalities.” Representations of landscape are among the most important symbols that are used in the process of “othering” of the non-Self, and are especially relevant for Chinese representations of Tibet. The article examines the representation of Tibetan landscape in Chinese and Tibetan literatures, from the 1980s, written by both Han and Tibetan authors. Han writers have used the Tibetan landscape as a symbolic expression of the imaginary distance between themselves and Tibetans, while Tibetan authors stress the aspects that can help in an identification with the environment. The analysis reveals the symbolic function of landscape in relation to the newly (re)constructed Tibetan identity within the context of the multiethnic China at the end of the 20th century.
Let $q$ be a positive integer, $\chi $ denote any Dirichlet character $\mod q$. For any integer $m$ with $(m, q)=1$, we define a sum $C(\chi, k, m; q)$ analogous to high-dimensional Kloosterman sums as follows: $$ C(\chi, k, m; q)=\sum _{a_1=1}^{q}{}' \sum _{a_2=1}^{q}{}' \cdots \sum _{a_k=1}^{q}{}' \chi (a_1+a_2+\cdots +a_k+m\overline {a_1a_2\cdots a_k}), $$ where $a\cdot \overline {a}\equiv 1\bmod q$. The main purpose of this paper is to use elementary methods and properties of Gauss sums to study the computational problem of the absolute value $|C(\chi, k, m; q)|$, and give two interesting identities for it.
Te study focusses on generational transformations in the perception of military service in the period from 1968 through 2004, as an important social phenomenon. Major attention is paid to oral-historical interviews with four contemporaries, or more precisely to the ways of (re)constructing their narrative reflections associated with military service in particular historical decades beginning with the 1970s with the overlap to the new millennium (meaning from the beginning of “normalization” after 1968 to the abolishment of military service in 2004). Besides the importance
of military service, the text focusses on the identification of potential topics from military everyday life and culture of military service soldiers in the context of the conversion from the socialist army to the democratic one, and at the level of constructing the individual and the group identities.