Bohuslav Raýman (1852-1910) je považován za zakladatele české organické chemie. Vedle vlastní významné práce ve svém oboru a na poli organizace české vědy proslul zejména jako vysokoškolský pedagog. Studie je věnována jeho profesorskému působení na Filozofické fakultě české Karlo-Ferdinandovy univerzity v Praze. Raýman vystudoval v letech 1872-1875 chemický odbor české Vysoké školy technické v Praze, v letech 1874-1878 absolvoval studijní pobyt v Bonnu a v Paříži. Od roku 1878 byl docentem české techniky v Praze. V roce 1886 se na filozofické fakultě české univerzity (v roce 1882 se dosud jednotná pražská univerzity rozdělila na českou a německou) podrobil rigoróznímu řízení a získal titul doktora filozofie. Bezprostředně po získání doktorské hodnosti požádal profesorský sbor Filozofické fakulty o udělení docentury. Tu získal v roce 1887. V roce 1890 se stal mimořádným a v roce 1897 řádným profesorem organické chemie. Na Filozofické fakultě vedl přednáky a cvičení zejména z organické chemie, podílel se však i na výuce chemie anorganické a vedl rovněž výuku pro budoucí farmaceuty. Až do roku 1905 souběžně pedagogicky působil i na české Vysoké škole technické. Raýman byl v akademickém roce 1902/1903 zvolen děkanem Filozofické fakulty a v následujícím roce zastával funkci proděkana. V době, kdy stál v čele fakulty, se významně zasloužil o výstavbu budov pro přírodovědecké obory fakulty, které byly vybudovány na pražském Albertově. Jednou z nich byla samostatná budova Chemického ústavu s oddělením organické chemie, v jeho čele stál Raýman až do své smrti. Během svého působení na pražské univerzitě Raýman vychoval stovky budoucích středoškolských učitelů, praktických chemiků a lékárníků. Ve studii jsou statisticky a typově analyzovány příklady těch, kteří se podrobili vědecké přípravě a dosáhli vědecké hodnosti. Řada z nich se věnovala učitelskému působení na českých vysokých a středních školách, další uplatnili získané zkušenosti v chemickém průmyslu i lékárnické praxi. Nejtalentovanější Raýmanovi žáci se stali asistenty v Chemickém ústavu Filozofické fakulty v Praze a později se habilitovali a získali profesury (Jiří Baborovský, František Plzák, Bohumil Kužma)., Raýman is considered to be the founding father of Czech organic chemistry. In addition to his own important work within his field and in the organization of Czech science he also found particular celebrity as a university teacher. This study focuses on his activities as a professor at the Czech Charles-Ferdinand University Faculty of Arts in Prague. From 1872 to 1875 Raýman read chemistry at the Czech Technical Institute in Prague and from 1874 to 1878 he went on study trips to Bonn and Paris. From 1878 he was an associate professor at the Czech Technical College in Prague. In 1886 he sat his viva voce examination at the Czech University Faculty of Arts (the previously undivided Prague University had divided into Czech and German Universities in 1882) and acquired the title of Doctor of Philosophy. As soon as he obtained his doctorate he applied to the faculty for a senior lectureship, which was awarded to him in 1887. In 1890 he became an associate professor and in 1897 a full professor of organic chemistry. At the Faculty of Arts he gave lectures and tutorials particularly in organic chemistry, though he was also involved in the tuition of inorganic chemistry and he offered tuition for future pharmacists. Until 1905 he concurrently taught at the Czech Technical College. In the 1902/1903 academic year Raýman was Dean at the Faculty of Arts and in the following year he held office as Vice-Dean. During the time that he headed the faculty he earned particular credit for the construction of Natural Science Department premises at Albertov in Prague. These included a separate building for the Chemistry Institute and the Organic Chemistry Department, which Raýman headed until his death. While working at Prague University, Raýman trained hundreds of future secondary school teachers, practical chemists and pharmacists. The study statistically and typologically analyses examples of those who underwent his scientific training and obtained an academic degree. Many of them became involved in teaching activity in Czech secondary schools and institutes of higher education, while others made use of the experience they had gained in the chemicals industry or in medical practice. Raýman's most talented pupils became assistants at the Faculty of Arts Chemistry Institute in Prague and later took a higher doctorate and obtained a professorship (e.g. Jiří Baborovský, František Plzák and Bohumil Kuma). (Translated by Melvyn Clarke.), and Překlad resumé: Melvyn Clarke
The article deals with little researched subject from the history of Czech music in the 20th century – public music life at the time of the Nazi Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1945). Based on research in Czech music journals of the time, which are listed in the article, it informs on important concerts and theatre performances, music festivals and festivities, taking place in Prague and other places in the Protectorate territory. It also follows the ways in which the press wrote about period music life, and tries – even if only in a preliminary way – to answer a difficult question – how much these activities corresponded with the official cultural politics of the Protectorate regime, and on the other hand, to what extent they manifested patriotic feelings and resistence against the enemy occupying power.
The aim of the current study was to clarify the effect of high sucrose diet (HSD) on bile formation (BF) in rats with hereditary hypertriglyceridemia (HHTg). Potentially positive effects were studied for boldine, a natural choleretic agent. Administration of HSD to HHTg rats led to increased triglyceride deposition in the liver. HSD reduced BF as a consequence of decreased biliary secretion of bile acids (BA) and glutathione. Responsible mechanism was down-regulation of hepatic transporters for BA and glutathione, Bsep and Mrp2, respectively. Moreover, gene expressions of transporters for other constituents of bile, namely Abcg5/8 for cholesterol, Abcb4 for phospholipids, and Oatp1a4 for xenobiotics, were also reduced by HSD. Boldine partially attenuated cholestatic effect of HSD by promotion of biliary secretion of BA through up-regulation of Bsep and Ntcp, and by increase in biliary secretion of glutathione as a consequence of its increased hepatic disposition. This study demonstrates mechanisms of impaired BF during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by HSD. Altered function of responsible transporters suggests also potential for changes in kinetics of drugs, which may complicate pharmacotherapy in subjects with high intake of sucrose, and with fatty liver disease. Sucrose induced alterations in BF may be alleviated by administration of boldine., M. Zagorova, A. Prasnicka, Z. Kadova, E. Dolezelova, L. Kazdova, J. Cermanova, L. Rozkydalova, M. Hroch, J. Mokry, S. Micuda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article ponders over the environmental paradoxes of the Bolivian political project. The government of Morales aspires to establish a system based on social justice, environmentally conscious politics and the respect for the indigenous populations of the country. The new Political Constitution was adopted that guarantees the political, cultural and territorial rights of the indigenous groups and delineates a well-developed framework of the environmental protection. As one of the first states of the world Bolivia admitted the legal status of nature and adopted „Law of Mother Earth“. However, to these legislative measures contrasts sharply the economic strategy of the country, based almost exclusively on mining, industrialization and commercialization of the natural resources. The government of Morales intensified the mining of the fossil fuels and prepares the way for a gigantic project of mining and processing of lithium on the Bolivian salt flats. Socio-ecological consequences of these activities might be catastrophic. We think that the ambivalent environmental attitude of the government of Morales is caused, primarily, by its effort to match up two inconsistent principles: on the one hand the anthropocentric concept of economic growth, modernity and progress and on the other the indigenous concept of „good life“ that became the official moral-ethical principle of the Bolivian state.
Thirty-five 35 participants from 13 countries gathered at Villa Lanna July 16-19, 2014 to hear and discuss presentations on the life and work of one of the foremost European philosophers of the 19th century, Bernard Bolzano. Most of the 30 talks given were on philosophy but mathematics and theology. More than a quarter of the participants were research students. Several news stories have drawn attention to recent developments in Bolzano studies. In May the complete English translation of Bolzano’s major work Wissenschaftslehre (Theory of Science) was published. This year nearly three-quarters of the129 volumes of the Bernard Bolzano Gesamtausgabe will appear in print. The program and other details of the meeting can be found at bolzano2014.wordpress.com. The meeting enjoyed generous sponsorship. Details on the dissemination of the papers will appear in due course. This meeting was co-organised by the Institute of Philosophy of ASCR and the International Bernard Bolzano Society, Salzburg. The Society met in Prague in April 2010 on the 200th anniversary of a book of his published in 1810. Dr. Balzano (1781-1848) was a Bohemian mathematician, logician, philosopher and theologian of Italian extraction and taught at the University of Prague (Charles). and Arianna Betti, Steve Russ.
The cellular components of the satellite cell niche participate in the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration. Beside myogenic cells at different developmental stages, this niche is formed by cells of the immune system, the interstitial connective tissue and the vascular ystem. Unambiguous determination of the origin of these cell types could contribute to optimization of the cell-based therapy of skeletal muscle disorders. In our work, we intravenously transplanted mouse GFP+ unseparated bone marrow cells into whole-body lethally irradiated immunocom-petent mice four weeks before cardiotoxin-induced injury of the recipients’ skeletal muscles. Seven and 28 days after the toxin injection, the injured regenerating and contralateral intact muscles were examined for identification of GFP+ bone marrow-derived cells by direct fluorescence, protein immunohistochemistry and immunogold transmission electron microscopy. In both the intact and injured muscles, GFP positivity was determined in immune cells, mainly in macrophages, and in interstitial spindle-shaped cells. Moreover, in the injured muscles, rare GFP+ endothelial cells of the blood vessels and newly formed myotubes and muscle fibres were present. Our results confirmed the ability of bone marrow-derived cells to contribute to the cellular component of the satellite cell niche in the intact and regenerating skeletal muscle. These cells originated not only from haematopoietic stem cells, but obviously also from other stem or progenitor cells residing in the bone marrow, such as multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial progenitors. and Corresponding author: Dana Čížková