Povinnost mlčenlivosti je jedna ze základních profesních povinností spojených s prací zdravotnických pracovníků. Je to zcela konkrétní institut na ochranu soukromí pacientů, nutný zejména proto, že při poskytování zdravotní péče více než v jiných oblastech lidské činnosti dochází k primárnímu (údaje zjištěné při diagnostice či léčbě) i sekundárnímu (údaje získané od pacienta či jeho blízkých) získávání informací o velmi intimních stránkách lidského života. Nicméně existuje řada právně relevantních důvodů, které zakládají možnost oprávněně porušit tuto povinnost a informace získané při poskytování zdravotní péče sdělit. Oprávněné důvody jsou vždy založeny na poměřování hodnot, které stojí za povinností mlčenlivosti, a hodnot, které stojí za potřebou či nutností tuto povinnost porušit. Specifickou oblastí střetu těchto hodnot je sdělování údajů chráněných povinností mlčenlivosti orgánům činným v trestním řízení. Vedle hlavního důvodu, který umožňuje zdravotnickému pracovníkovi poskytnout vyžádanou informaci policisty, státními zástupci či trestními soudci, kterým je souhlas samotného pacienta, o jehož údaje se jedná, zná český právní řád množství jiných důvodů, byť často velmi úzce zaměřených, které vyplývají z různých právních předpisů. Tento text se nezaměřuje pouze na uvedení důvodů, kdy zdravotnický pracovník je oprávněn podle práva chráněné informace sdělit, ale také upozorňuje na situace, kdy tak naopak učinit nesmí, přestože to po něm některý z orgánů činných v trestním řízení vyžaduje. Tyto pasáže byly formulovány na základě vlastních zkušeností a poznatků autora ze styku zdravotnických zařízení či zdravotnických pracovníků s orgány činnými v trestním řízení. Závěrem je pak poukázáno na sankce, které hrozí zdravotnickému pracovníkovi, pokud podlehne tlaku ze strany orgánů činných v trestním řízení a požadované informace neoprávněně sdělí., An obligation to maintain secrecy is one of the basic professional duties associated with the work of health workers. It's very specific institute of patient privacy, especially necessary because during the provision of health care more than in other areas of human activity information of very intimate sites of human life are gathered by a primary (data collected from the diagnosis and treatment activity) and secondary (data obtained from the patient or his relatives) ways. However, there are many legally relevant reasons that give rise to legally break this obligation and to tell information obtained in providing health care. Justified reasons are always based on measuring the values behind the duty of confidentiality, and the values behind the need or necessity to break this obligation. A specific area of this conflict of values is disclosure of protected data to criminal law enforcement authorities. Besides the main reason that allows the health professional to provide requested information to the police, prosecutors and criminal judges, which is the consent of the patient the Czech law knows a number of other reasons, though often very narrowly focused, arising from different legal regulations. This text does not focus solely on the grounds where the healthcare worker is entitled to communicate information protected by the law, but also points to situations where do not, though one of the institutions of law enforcement requires it. These passages have been formulated based on the author's experience and knowledge by the interaction of medical institutions or medical personnel with criminal law enforcement authorities. Finally, it is then pointed to the sanctions that threaten health professionals, if they succumb to pressure from criminal law enforcement authorities and communicate the information illegally., Radek Policar, and Literatura 5
In the department of coloproctology of NORC MH RUz 17 patients with disseminated forms of colorectal cancer was made the study of oncogenes and complex treatment by 2 protocols using FOLFOX4 regime and FOLFIRI regime. In second protocol there used 2 sessions of endolymphatical polychemotherapy FOLFOX4 regime against EHFhyperthermia. All patients were performed additional investigations directed to study the presence of multiple drug resistance in them where definition of р53, bcl2 oncogene expression. In our observations we followed resistance to FOLFOX4 scheme in 4 patients, and to FOLFIRI scheme in 2 cases. In our studies hyperexpression of oncoproteine р53 was correlated with the effect of conducted therapy whereas hyperexpr, Navruzov S. N., Abdujapparov S. B., Pulatov D. A., Islamov H. D., Matniyazova Sh. Ya., Akbarov E. T., and Literatura
It is easier to prevent a disease than to cure it. This postulate is a foundation stone of the contemporary medicine, furthermore its mission. The Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD), amongst them the Chronic Pyelonephrites (CP) and the mass kidney reduction take an important place in human pathologies in general, and in particular in renal ones. The Chronic Pyelonephrites are chronic renal pathologies, which on one side are of various causes and on the other side are multi systemic. At the same time they tend, earlier or later, depending on their course, to bring the patient towards the Chronic Kidney Insufficiency in stage of uremia, consequently in need of substitution therapies e.g. dialysis, peritoneum dialysis or transplant. It is worthy to emphasize that from the prevention and correct cure of CP make profit the patients, the family, the state and in the last analyses the entire society, because in that way the budget expense destined for the fore going substitution cures, dialysis, peritoneum dialysis or transplant, is considerably reduced. The same should be mentioned in relation to the CP and the mass kidney reduction, speaking about our country, which are still at the first place as the very cause of Chronic Kidney Insufficiencies (CRI), later on advancing toward uremia and terminal uremia along with its grave consequences. In general the very foundation of the CP is on the infections of urinary roads, in particular on the complicated ones, among them it should be mentioned-congenital kidney anomalies, renal calculosis so much present in our country, and pathologies of segment or vesical-ureteral reflux, and rarely the pathologies of prostate., Fejzi Alushi, Nestor Thereska, and Literatura
Cieľ: Cieľom prieskumu bolo zistiť prevalenciu a rizikové faktory hypertenzie bieleho plášťa (WCH) u detí. Metodika: Formou retrospektívnej štúdie sme analyzovali zdravotné záznamy 140 detí (36 dievčat, 104 chlapcov) s vysokým krvným tlakom nameraným v kardiologickej ambulancii, u ktorých bolo vykonané 24-hodinové ambulantné monitorovanie krvného tlaku (ABPM) a určený typ hypertenzie. Hypertenzia bola diagnostikovaná, keď bol systolický a/alebo diastolický krvný tlak meraný auskultačnou technikou ≥ 95. percentil pre pohlavie, vek a výšku. WCH bola definovaná ako priemerná hodnota krvného tlaku v ambulancii nachádzajúca sa v percentilovom pásme hypertenzie a hodnota tlaku krvi počas 24-hodinového monitorovania ambulantného tlaku nachádzajúca sa v pásme normálnych hodnôt krvného tlaku. Výsledky: V skupine 140 detí bola potvrdená prítomnosť WCH u 51 detí (36,4 %) – 13 dievčat a 38 chlapcov. Z celkového súboru sa WCH vyskytovala u 36,1 % zaradených dievčat a 36,5 % zaradených chlapcov. Systolický TK sa v kardiologickej ambulancii nachádzal nad 95. percentilom, diastolický TK pod 90. percentilom. Väčšina pacientov s WCH bola vo veku 15 – 19 rokov (80,4 %) a v pásme od 3. do 90. percentilu BMI (72,5 %). U pacientov prevládala negatívna rodinná anamnéza hypertenzie (54,9 %) a zriedkavé návštevy kardiologickej ambulancie (2-4x). Krvný tlak v ambulancii merala deťom výlučne sestra. Záver: Zistenie prevalencie WCH a jej rizikových faktorov je u detí významné, pretože prevažuje názor, že v detskom veku je WCH predispozíciou k trvalej hypertenzii. Na základe zistení rizikových faktorov, môžeme vykonávať prevenciu WCH., Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence and risk factors of white coat hypertension (WCH) in children. Methods: We realized the retrospective study and analyzed records of 140 children (36 girls, 104 boys) with high blood pressure measured in cardiology outpatients' clinic, to whom a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was made and the type of hypertension was specified. Hypertension was diagnosed when systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure measurements with auscultatory technique were ≥ 95th percentile for sex, age and height. White coat hypertension (WCH) has been defined as mean blood pressure (BP) readings in outpatients' clinic being located in the hypertensive range while 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is in the normal range. Results: In the group of 140 children the presence of WCH was confirmed in 51 children (36,4 %) - 13 girls and 38 boys. WCH occurred in 36,1 % of girls and 36,5 % of boys in the total sample of respondents. Systolic BP in cardiology outpatients' clinic reached the value above the 95th percentile, diastolic BP below the 90th percentile. The most patients with WCH were 15 – 19 years old (80,4 %) and in 3rd - 90th percentile of BMI (72,5 %). Patients prevailed negative family history of hypertension (54,9 %) and fewer visit (2-4 times) of cardiology outpatients' clinic. Blood pressure of children was measured exclusively by a nurse in this outpatients' clinic. Conclusion: Determination of the prevalence of WCH and its risk factors in children is important because of prevailing opinion that WCH in children is predisposition in permanent hypertension. Based on the detection of risk factors, we can implement prevention of WCH., Anna Ovšonková, Daniela Kubisová, and Literatura
Purpose: To investigate the protective action of Ceruloplasmin (Cp) on the lysis of erythrocytes in men with prostate tumors. Material and Methods: The blood erythrocytes of the patients with benign hyperplasia of prostate (BHP) and prostate adenocarcinoma (CaP) were studied. Patients at the age 60-75 with early stages of a cancer have been investigated. The control group was consisted of apparently healthy males with the compatible age. n=15 for each group. The clinical stage of the disease was diagnosed by means of rectal, histological and echographic examination of the prostate gland. Photometric methods were applied to register lysis dynamics in order to test out the protective action of Cp. Results: The nonspecific protective function of Cp preparation on BHP and CaP erythrocytes as well as on the control group erythrocytes was revealed. CaP erythrocytes have shown more sensitivity to the lysis provocative factor than BHP and the control group erythrocytes, that was presumably attributed to the structural and functional changes of the erythrocytes developed in the presence of malignant tumor., N. Kotrikadze, M. Zibzibadze, L. Ramishvili, M. Alibegashvili., T. Chigogidze, L. Managadze, and Literatura
The review focuses on a very peculiar aspect of the application of copper containing biologically active compounds of different chemical classes as have shown at the last scientific researches in the field of Cu (II) chelates, chelates possess have a higher activity of the same sort, than their mother compounds. The presented material shows essentially important qualities of Cu (II) containing compounds in biological aspect and has an interest for chemists, biochemists and pharmacologists., Sedrak Ghazaryan, and Literatura
Aim: to improve treatment results of colorectal cancer, complicated carcinomatosis of abdominal cavity, by associated using of endolymphatic chemotherapy (ELCT) and local extremely high frequency (EHF) therapy. Igroup 21 people (33.3%) performed colostomy, then neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy by the scheme FOLFOX4. It was held two cycles, after two cycles their were received cytoreductive surgery; II group 26 people (41,3%) received cytoreductive operations with early postoperative intraabdominal chemotherapy by oxaliplatin (200 mg/m(2) at day 1 and 5FU 650 mg/m(2) from days 1 to 4. III group 16 people (25,4%) also performed colostomy, then used 2 courses of ELCT with local EHF therapy and all patients were received cytoreductive operations. ELCT was carried out injecting oxaliplatin100 mg/m(2) a day during 12 hours and then 5 FU in doze of 600 mg/m2 a day during 72 hours by the instrumentality of the dozer and LV200 mg/m(2) (2h intravenous infusion). During ELCT patients received local EHF therapy in abdominal cavity for an hour. After chemotherapy the partial regress of tumor observed in 1st group in 4,8 % and in 3rd 37,5 %, stabilization of process noted in 28,6 and 50% cases, progressing 66,7 and 12,5% cases correspondingly to groups. Histomorphologic study of malignant foci after ELCT+EHF therapy showed reduction of specific area of parenchyma cancer cell from 57 till 39% simultaneous growth of stroma from 40 till 58% and in necrosis area from 1,8 till 2,5%. Mitotic activity of tumor cells in the 1st group decreased (average in 22 un.), but in 3rd group it decreased until 11 units. Analysis of life span showed that in 1st group of patients 2year survival rate was 66,7%. In 2nd group of patients 2year survival rate was 42,3%. ELCH+EHFtherapy has high clinic efficacy and promotes to decrease terms of progression of tumor process, increases life span from 0 till 24% and quality of life of the patients. ELCH+EHFtherapy brings to reduction of specific area of parenchyma in cancer cells from 57 till 39% with simultaneous growth of stroma area from 40 till 58% and necrosis area from 1,8 till 2,5%. ELCT+EHFtherapy lowers mitotic activity of tumor cells, activates apoptosis, hemodynamic and metabolic rates., Akbarov E.T., Navruzov S.N., Abdujapparov S.B., Islamov H.D., and Literatura