Based on survey of 257 women with nondeveloping pregnancies of various geneses, it was shown that the level of apoptosis marker P53 in the decidual tissue is increased, and antiapoptotic protein Bcl2 simultaneously is reduced, compared with similar data of women with physiological pregnancies. The morphological and histochemical investigation of apoptotic changes during NDP, by means of Bcl2 and P53, must consider the main marker in early manifestations of the dynamics of the pathological processes., Dilnoza Saidjalilova, and Literatura
Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of dopamine receptor D2 / ankyrin repeat and protein kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) TaqIA allelic polymorphism in the HPVinduced cervical carcinogenesis. Methods: 1. Effect on the risk of cervical precancer: After an 8year followup, out of 214 women with persisting highrisk HPV infection, 102 developed highgrade cervical dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III, while 112 did not. The subjects were genotyped for the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism by PCRRFLP, and the allelic distributions were compared between groups with and without highgrade dysplasia. 2. Prognostic value: Two hundred and thirty nine women with cervical precancer/cancer were followed for 5 years. Complete remission was achieved at 182 women. To assess the prognostic value of the TaqIA polymorphism, genotype frequencies were compared between patients reaching and not reaching complete remission. Results: The frequency of A1/A1+A1/A2 genotypes was higher among women who developed highgrade cervical dysplasia (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.053.33; p=0.034) than in the other group. Occurrence of the A1 allele was more frequent among women who did not reach complete remission (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.073.74; p=0.030) than in women with complete remission. Conclusions: This is the first report on the possible involvement of DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism in cervical carcinogenesis. The A1 allele seems to increase the risk of cervical precancer, and it may also be associated with a worse prognosis in women with HPVinduced cervical cancer. The results need further validation in largescale molecular epidemiological studies., József Cseh, Zsuzsa Orsós, Emese Pázsit, Erika Marek, András Huszár, István Ember, István Kiss, and Literatura
Při zjištění tumoru v pánvi se nalézáme před problémem stanovení jak jeho origa, tak i biologického chování. Možnost predikovat biologické chování pánevních tumorů již před léčbou je klíčem ke zvolení individuálního přístupu, který zatíží pacientku úměrně k maximálnímu možnému léčebnému efektu. V článku se dále zabýváme pouze gynekologickými nádory. Hlavní prognostické a prediktivní pooperační faktory dobře známé a rutinně používané jsou histologický typ nádoru, stádium onemocnění, stupeň diferenciace, přítomnost lymfangioinvaze, postižení lymfatických uzlin a pooperační nádorové reziduum. Při předoperační predikci biologického chování gynekologických pánevních tumorů vycházíme z anamnézy, klinických ukazatelů - věku a přidružených chorob nemocné (performance status), dále ze stanovení markerů z krve, grafických vyšetření (zejména sonografie) a charakteristik nádoru stanovených na základě histologického, imunohistochemického či molekulárně-genetického vyšetření tkáně získané z excize, laparoskopie či tru-cut biopsie. Mezi prediktivně-prognostické biomarkery, které mohou pomoci předpovídat úspěšnost naší léčby a je možné je využít v triage pacientek před léčbou, je možné zařadit například markery z periferní krve CA125, HE4, ROMA index, přítomnost BRCA 1/2 mutace, předoperační trombocytózu, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, a dále tkáňové markery, jako je mutace p53, Her2/Neu pozitivitu, přítomnost ER/PR, pozitivitu L1CAM, dále panel 9 proteinových markerů PROVAR, intraepitelální tumor-infiltrující lymfocyty, stanovení proliferační aktivity pomocí proteinu Ki67 (MIB1), genové expresní profily, proteiny rezistence atd. Tyto biomarkery budou v následujícím textu probrány. Pacientka, daný tumor a zvolený léčebný přístup tvoří vždy individualitu, jakési jedinečné spojení, jehož chování a z toho plynoucí QoL (Quality of life - kvalita života), DFI (Disease free interval - období bez nemoci) a OS (Overall survival - celkové přežití) je obtížné predikovat. Proto žádné z dosud používaných vyšetření ani žádný v současnosti známý marker nedokáže lékaři ani pacientce přesně odpovědět na tyto základní existenciální otázky, které si pacientka a její nejbližší pokládají nejčastěji., When we detect a tumor in the pelvis we find ourselves faced with the problem of determining both the origin, and biological behavior. The possibility to predict biological behavior of pelvic tumors already before treatment is the key to individual patient management with least patient burden proportional to potentially attainable goal. In the article below we deal only with the gynecological tumors. The main postoperative prognostic and predictive factors such as staging, grading, histological type of tumor, lymph node involvement (as included in staging) and postoperative tumor residue are well known and routinely used. However, if we focus on the possibility of preoperative prediction of tumor biological behavior, it can be based on several factors. These include clinical indicators such as patient age at time of diagnosis, patient performance status, blood “markers” assessment, imaging studies results (particularly ultrasound) and processing of biopsy samples obtained by excision from the tumor during laparoscopy or tru-cut biopsy, etc. Other predictive biomarkers that can generally predict success of our therapy include, e.g. CA125, HE4, ROMA index, presence of the BRCA 1/2 or p53 mutation, Her2/neu, ER/PR or L1CAM positivity, PROVAR (a panel of 9 protein markers), intraepithelial tumor-infiltrating lym - phocytes, preoperative thrombocytosis, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Ki67 positivity rate (MIB1), gene expression profiles, protein of resistance, etc. These biomarkers will be discussed below. Since the patient, her tumor and the therapeutic approach always form a unique combination, the resulting QoL (Quality of life), DFI (Disease free interval) and OS (Overall survival) are difficult to predict. Therefore, none of the tests used so far and no currently known marker can provide an accurate answer to these basic existential questions that a patient as well as her closest ask the most frequently., Jiří Presl, Lucie Šefrhansová, Iva Sedláková, Pavel Vlasák, Jiří Bouda, Alena Bartáková, Zdeněk Novotný, and Literatura
Pseudomyxoma peritonei je vzácný klinický syndrom; nádorový proces, pro který je charakteristické hromadění mucinózního ascitu a peritoneálních implantátů v břišní dutině. Primárním zdrojem je téměř vždy low grade mucinózní tumor apendixu. Jedná se o pomalu progredující, nízce agresivní, ale smrtící onemocnění s častými recidivami. Optimálním léčebným postupem je kompletní chirurgická cytoredukce (CRS) v kombinaci s peroperačně aplikovanou intraperitoneální hypertermickou chemoterapií (HIPEC) – tzv. Sugarbakerova metoda., Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an uncommon clinical syndrome characterized by the slow and progressive accumulation of peritoneal implants and mucinous ascites, intraabdominal gelatinous collection (jelly belly). PMP is reported to originate from the low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. Pseudomyxoma peritonei often recurs after treatment and may eventually cause death by abdominal visceral dysfunction via compression with mucinous ascites. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy comprising hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with or without postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) has been regarded as the standard of care in specialized centers. It is often referred to as the „Sugerbaker procedure“. Conventionally, PMP is considered resistant to systemic chemotherapy. Even though complete cytoreduction is associated with prolonged overall survival, recurrence of disease is common and multiple operations are frequently required. Patients may enjoy sustained period of remission, free of symptoms, but long – term disease free survival is distinctly uncommon. The pathologic subtype remains the dominant factor in survival. Patients should be centralized to improve survival by a combination of surgical experience and adequate patient selection., Roman Kocián, and Literatura
The condition of the protective barrier of the stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer associated and non-associated with H. pylori infection has been studied. The state of gastric mucosal barrier was studied in 72 patients with peptic ulcer disease association with H. pylori and 26 patients without H. pylori by determining the content of insoluble glycoproteins and its fractions in the basal portion of the gastric juice. In a comparative perspective the state of these indicators were studied depending on the association with H. pylori and the severity of the disease. In patients with H. pylori, damages of protective mucus barrier are characterized by the significant shortage of fucose, which is considered to be the main component of the insoluble glycoproteins. In patients without H. pylori, status of mucosal barrier is characterized by uniform and less significant reduction in the content of fractions of insoluble glycoproteins. In this patients the reduction of insoluble glycoproteins is not dependent on the frequency of exacerbation. The content of fucose in the mucous gel of gastric juice is a diagnostic criterion for determining the frequency of recurrence of the disease in patients with H. pylori infection., Abdujalol Vahabovich Yakubov, Nargiza Ihsanovna Pulatova, and Literatura